105 research outputs found
Inclusion Matrices and Chains
Given integers , , and such that , let
be the inclusion matrix of -subsets vs. -subsets of a
-set. We modify slightly the concept of standard tableau to study the notion
of rank of a finite set of positive integers which was introduced by Frankl.
Utilizing this, a decomposition of the poset into symmetric skipless
chains is given. Based on this decomposition, we construct an inclusion matrix,
denoted by , which is row-equivalent to . Its Smith
normal form is determined. As applications, Wilson's diagonal form of
is obtained as well as a new proof of the well known theorem on the
necessary and sufficient conditions for existence of integral solutions of the
system due to Wilson. Finally we present anotherinclusion
matrix with similar properties to those of which is in some
way equivalent to .Comment: Accepted for publication in Journal of Combinatorial Theory, Series
On the volumes and affine types of trades
A -trade is a pair of disjoint collections of subsets
(blocks) of a -set such that for every , any -subset of
is included in the same number of blocks of and of . It follows
that and this common value is called the volume of . If we
restrict all the blocks to have the same size, we obtain the classical
-trades as a special case of -trades. It is known that the minimum
volume of a nonempty -trade is . Simple -trades (i.e., those
with no repeated blocks) correspond to a Boolean function of degree at most
. From the characterization of Kasami--Tokura of such functions with
small number of ones, it is known that any simple -trade of volume at most
belongs to one of two affine types, called Type\,(A) and Type\,(B)
where Type\,(A) -trades are known to exist. By considering the affine
rank, we prove that -trades of Type\,(B) do not exist. Further, we derive
the spectrum of volumes of simple trades up to , extending the
known result for volumes less than . We also give a
characterization of "small" -trades for . Finally, an algorithm to
produce -trades for specified , is given. The result of the
implementation of the algorithm for , is reported.Comment: 30 pages, final version, to appear in Electron. J. Combi
A New Proof of a Classical Theorem in Design Theory
AbstractWe present a new proof of the well known theorem on the existence of signed (integral) t-designs due to Wilson and Graver and Jurkat
Latin bitrades derived from groups
A latin bitrade is a pair of partial latin squares which are disjoint, occupy
the same set of non-empty cells, and whose corresponding rows and columns
contain the same set of entries. Dr\'apal (\cite{Dr9}) showed that a latin
bitrade is equivalent to three derangements whose product is the identity and
whose cycles pairwise have at most one point in common. By letting a group act
on itself by right translation, we show how some latin bitrades may be derived
from groups without specifying an independent group action. Properties of latin
trades such as homogeneousness, minimality (via thinness) and orthogonality may
also be encoded succinctly within the group structure. We apply the
construction to some well-known groups, constructing previously unknown latin
bitrades. In particular, we show the existence of minimal, -homogeneous
latin trades for each odd . In some cases these are the smallest known
such examples.Comment: 23 page
The study of production Artemia enrichment liquid SELCO1 &SUPER2 SELCO with internal capacities
Artemia as a live food has multiple applications in aquaculture. Artemia contains few unsaturated 3-omega fatty acids particularly eicozapentanoeic acid (EPA) and has no 6-omega fatty acids particularly decozahexanoeic acid (DHA), so Artemia naplious is enriched to improve its food values. The most famous enrichment emulsion are selco and super-selco made by Euro-American INVE Company. This study was performed to make Artemia enrichment emulsions by internal potentials. At first, the final composition of Artemia enrichment emulsion (selco) was determined in Urmia university chemical analysis laboratory. Then, aquatic fishing resources in south of the country such as eye oil of tuna fish, shark liver, cuttlefish and plant oils of sunflower, olive and beef oil were used. Fatty acids profiles were analyzed by Gas Chromatography (GC). The results showed that cuttlefish may produce 13± 3 % wet weight of fatty acids. We made 3 enrichment oils which contained 60± 10 % of plant and animal oils. These suspensions fatty acids were analyzed and the results were compared with control sample. Field tests were performed on 200000 Artemia urmiana naplious by enriching the Artemia with enrichment emulsions and the products were analyzed by GC. The results indicated that the rate of emulsions absorbance in imported and internal samples were 37.47, 25.30, 18.88, 22.14 and 10.32 respectively. In the next stage, enriched Artemia naplious were fed as live food to 500 trout larvae in Ziveh Aquaculture Company as follows: Treatment 1- Control consisted of new feeding larvae fed by concentrated food Treatment 2- new feeding larvae fed by concentrated food plus un-enriched naplious Treatment 3- new feeding larvae fed by concentrated food plus selco oil enriched naplious Treatment 4- new feeding larvae fed by concentrated food plus emulsion-1 oil enriched naplious Treatment 5- new feeding larvae fed by concentrated food plus emulsion-2 oil enriched naplious Treatment 6- new feeding larvae fed by concentrated food plus emulsion-3 oil enriched naplious The results indicated that treatments 1, 2 had significant difference with treatments 3, 4, 5, 6 from survival rate, growth coefficient, obesity coefficient, total length, food conversion coefficient, final weight and protein percent. Abnormalities rates in treatments 1, 2 had significant difference with treatments 3, 4, 5 , 6 in which enriched emulsions were not used, but these indices had no significant difference with commercial samples which shows internal made emulsions can easily be used. The data were analyzed by one-way analyses variance and Duncan test in SPSS and EXCELL softwares. In conclusion, we can make enrichment selco oils in the country by internal potentials which the foreign samples can be replaced by them
Commutative association schemes
Association schemes were originally introduced by Bose and his co-workers in
the design of statistical experiments. Since that point of inception, the
concept has proved useful in the study of group actions, in algebraic graph
theory, in algebraic coding theory, and in areas as far afield as knot theory
and numerical integration. This branch of the theory, viewed in this collection
of surveys as the "commutative case," has seen significant activity in the last
few decades. The goal of the present survey is to discuss the most important
new developments in several directions, including Gelfand pairs, cometric
association schemes, Delsarte Theory, spin models and the semidefinite
programming technique. The narrative follows a thread through this list of
topics, this being the contrast between combinatorial symmetry and
group-theoretic symmetry, culminating in Schrijver's SDP bound for binary codes
(based on group actions) and its connection to the Terwilliger algebra (based
on combinatorial symmetry). We propose this new role of the Terwilliger algebra
in Delsarte Theory as a central topic for future work.Comment: 36 page
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