Effect of strong electrolytes on edible oils part III: viscosity of canola oil in 1,4-dioxane in the presence of HCl, NaOH and NaCl at different temperatures

Effect of strong electrolytes on the viscosity of canola oil in 1,4 dioxane was undertaken. The viscosity of oil in 1,4 dioxane was found to increase with the concentration of oil and decrease with rise in temperature. Strong electrolytes reduce the rate of flow of oil in 1,4 dioxane. It was noted that amongst these electrolytes, NaOH is more efficient reducing electrolyte than HCl and NaCl. The study was also extended in terms of ion-ion and ion-solvent interactions. The values of Jones-Dole coefficients (A and B) were evaluated graphically. The increase in negative values of A-cefficient with temperature is due to agitation of the molecules at higher temperature, dissociation and partial association of electrolytes in 1,4 dioxane. The positive values of B-cefficient show that these electrolytes behave as structure breaker in 1,4 dioxane. Distortion of the solvent structure is not appreciable (small), which resulted in the positive values of B-coefficient. Fluidity parameters were also evaluated and the change in these values with temperature and concentration of oil shows that the electrolytes behave as structure breaker. The energy of activation, latent heat of vaporization and molar volume of oil were also evaluated and discussed. Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management Vol. 10(1) 2006: 47-5

Effect of strong electrolytes on edible oils part II: vViscosity of maize oil in 1,4-dioxane in the presence of HCl, NaOH and NaCl at different temperatures

The effects of strong electrolytes like HCl, NaOH and NaCl on the viscosity of maize oil at various temperatures (298 – 323 K) with the difference of 5 K using 1,4 dioxane as solvent were determined. The viscosity of oil was found to be increased with the increasing concentration of oil and decreases with the rise of temperature. The addition of electrolytes decreases the viscosity of oil although very little which shows that the electrolytes increase the distance between oil molecules and cause the enhancement of rate of flow and the increment of temperature drops the rate of flow of the solutions. Furthermore the concentration of electrolytes increases the viscosity of oil solutions. It is due to the presence of unsaturated ingredients present in the oil and thermal effect. The electrolytes behave as structure breaker. The effect of temperature was also determined in terms of fluidity parameters, energy of activation, latent heat of vaporization, molar volume of oil and free energy change of activation for viscous flow. Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management Vol. 10 (3) 2006: 67-7

Adsorption of Methylene Blue from aqueous Solution on the Surface of Wool Fiber and Cotton Fiber

Adsorption of dye methylene blue from aqueous solution on the surface of sheep wool and cotton fibers was accomplished under the optimize conditions of temperature, concentration, pH, stay time duration and quantity of adsorbent. Spectrometric technique was used for the measurements of concentration of dye before and after adsorption. The percentage removal and distribution constant (KD) values for the removal of of methylene blue were also calculated. The values of % adsorption data for methylene blue - sheep wool system show better adsorption capacity as compared to methylene blue - cotton fiber system. The applicability of Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm equations for the present system was also tested. The experimental data are fitted to the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm equations. The values of their corresponding constants were determined from the slope and intercepts of their respective plots. Thermodynamic parameters like \u394DG\ub0, \u394DH\ub0 and \u394DS\ub0 were calculated on the basis of Langmuir constant K. The methylene blue - sheep wool system show non spontaneous and exothermic behavior, while methylene blue - cotton fiber system show spontaneous and endothermic behavior. The results of these investigations suggested that natural adsorbents can be utilized as adsorbent materials, because of their selectivities for the removal of dyes. @JASE

Effects of a high-dose 24-h infusion of tranexamic acid on death and thromboembolic events in patients with acute gastrointestinal bleeding (HALT-IT): an international randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Background: Tranexamic acid reduces surgical bleeding and reduces death due to bleeding in patients with trauma. Meta-analyses of small trials show that tranexamic acid might decrease deaths from gastrointestinal bleeding. We aimed to assess the effects of tranexamic acid in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding. Methods: We did an international, multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled trial in 164 hospitals in 15 countries. Patients were enrolled if the responsible clinician was uncertain whether to use tranexamic acid, were aged above the minimum age considered an adult in their country (either aged 16 years and older or aged 18 years and older), and had significant (defined as at risk of bleeding to death) upper or lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Patients were randomly assigned by selection of a numbered treatment pack from a box containing eight packs that were identical apart from the pack number. Patients received either a loading dose of 1 g tranexamic acid, which was added to 100 mL infusion bag of 0·9% sodium chloride and infused by slow intravenous injection over 10 min, followed by a maintenance dose of 3 g tranexamic acid added to 1 L of any isotonic intravenous solution and infused at 125 mg/h for 24 h, or placebo (sodium chloride 0·9%). Patients, caregivers, and those assessing outcomes were masked to allocation. The primary outcome was death due to bleeding within 5 days of randomisation; analysis excluded patients who received neither dose of the allocated treatment and those for whom outcome data on death were unavailable. This trial was registered with Current Controlled Trials, ISRCTN11225767, and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01658124. Findings: Between July 4, 2013, and June 21, 2019, we randomly allocated 12 009 patients to receive tranexamic acid (5994, 49·9%) or matching placebo (6015, 50·1%), of whom 11 952 (99·5%) received the first dose of the allocated treatment. Death due to bleeding within 5 days of randomisation occurred in 222 (4%) of 5956 patients in the tranexamic acid group and in 226 (4%) of 5981 patients in the placebo group (risk ratio [RR] 0·99, 95% CI 0·82–1·18). Arterial thromboembolic events (myocardial infarction or stroke) were similar in the tranexamic acid group and placebo group (42 [0·7%] of 5952 vs 46 [0·8%] of 5977; 0·92; 0·60 to 1·39). Venous thromboembolic events (deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism) were higher in tranexamic acid group than in the placebo group (48 [0·8%] of 5952 vs 26 [0·4%] of 5977; RR 1·85; 95% CI 1·15 to 2·98). Interpretation: We found that tranexamic acid did not reduce death from gastrointestinal bleeding. On the basis of our results, tranexamic acid should not be used for the treatment of gastrointestinal bleeding outside the context of a randomised trial

Effect of strong electrolytes on edible oils part II: vViscosity of maize oil in 1,4-dioxane in the presence of HCl, NaOH and NaCl at different temperatures

The effects of strong electrolytes like HCl, NaOH and NaCl on the viscosity of maize oil at various temperatures (298 – 323 K) with the difference of 5 K using 1,4 dioxane as solvent were determined. The viscosity of oil was found to be increased with the increasing concentration of oil and decreases with the rise of temperature. The addition of electrolytes decreases the viscosity of oil although very little which shows that the electrolytes increase the distance between oil molecules and cause the enhancement of rate of flow and the increment of temperature drops the rate of flow of the solutions. Furthermore the concentration of electrolytes increases the viscosity of oil solutions. It is due to the presence of unsaturated ingredients present in the oil and thermal effect. The electrolytes behave as structure breaker. The effect of temperature was also determined in terms of fluidity parameters, energy of activation, latent heat of vaporization, molar volume of oil and free energy change of activation for viscous flow. Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management Vol. 10 (3) 2006: 67-7

Effect of Strong Electrolytes on Edible Oils Part 1: Viscosity of Sunflower Oil In 1,4-Dioxane at Different Temperatures

The viscosity of sunflower oil in 1,4-dioxane used as a diluent in the presence and absence of strong electrolytes (HCl, NaOH, NaCl) at different temperatures (298K to 323K) was accomplished. The viscosity of sunflower oil was found to increase with the increasing concentration and decreased with the increase in temperature. It was further observed that viscosity of sunflower solution in 1,4-dioxane increases under the influence of electrolytes. The values of Jones-Dole coefficient A and B were evaluated. The positive values of B-coefficient increased with the rise of temperature. This led to conclusion that ion-solvent interactions increase and electrolytes such as HCl, NaOH and NaCl behave as structure breaker in sunflower-1,4-dioxane system. The change in the values of fluidity parameters such as (a, k, α1, α2, β, β*) with concentration of oil and temperature suggests that fluidity parameters are structural. The energy of activation (ΔEv), latent heat of vapourization (ΔLv) and molar volume of oil (Vm) were also calculated. Effect of electrolytes show that, the concentration of electrolytes increases the value of (ΔEv) and (ΔLv) whereas the value of molar volume (Vm) decrease with the concentration of oil and electrolytes. In brief, unsaturations of fatty acids of oil are responsible for the changes in the values of different parameters determined. The results for (ΔEv) and (ΔLv) are influenced by the concentration of sunflower oil. @JASE

Adsorption of methylene blue from aqueous solution on the surface of wool fiber and cotton fiber

Adsorption of dye methylene blue from aqueous solution on the surface of sheep wool and cotton fibers was accomplished under the optimize conditions of temperature, concentration, pH, stay time duration and quantity of adsorbent. Spectrometric technique was used for the measurements of concentration of dye before and after adsorption. The percentage removal and distribution constant (KD) values for the removal of of methylene blue were also calculated. The values of % adsorption data for methylene blue - sheep wool system show better adsorption capacity as compared to methylene blue - cotton fiber system. The applicability of Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm equations for the present system was also tested. The experimental data are fitted to the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm equations. The values of their corresponding constants were determined from the slope and intercepts of their respective plots. Thermodynamic parameters like ΔDG°, ΔDH° and ΔDS° were calculated on the basis of Langmuir constant K. The methylene blue - sheep wool system show non spontaneous and exothermic behavior, while methylene blue - cotton fiber system show spontaneous and endothermic behavior. The results of these investigations suggested that natural adsorbents can be utilized as adsorbent materials, because of their selectivities for the removal of dyes. @JASE

Adsorption of methylene blue from aqueous solution on the surface of wool fiber and cotton fiber

Adsorption of dye methylene blue from aqueous solution on the surface of sheep wool and cotton fibers was accomplished under the optimize conditions of temperature, concentration, pH, stay time duration and quantity of adsorbent. Spectrometric technique was used for the measurements of concentration of dye before and after adsorption. The percentage removal and distribution constant (KD) values for the removal of of methylene blue were also calculated. The values of % adsorption data for methylene blue - sheep wool system show better adsorption capacity as compared to methylene blue - cotton fiber system. The applicability of Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm equations for the present system was also tested. The experimental data are fitted to the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm equations. The values of their corresponding constants were determined from the slope and intercepts of their respective plots. Thermodynamic parameters like ΔDG°, ΔDH° and ΔDS° were calculated on the basis of Langmuir constant K. The methylene blue - sheep wool system show non spontaneous and exothermic behavior, while methylene blue - cotton fiber system show spontaneous and endothermic behavior. The results of these investigations suggested that natural adsorbents can be utilized as adsorbent materials, because of their selectivities for the removal of dyes. @JASE

Prospective Role of Bioactive Molecules and Exosomes in the Therapeutic Potential of Camel Milk against Human Diseases: An Updated Perspective

Camel milk (CM) constitutes an important dietary source in the hot and arid regions of the world. CM is a colloidal mixture of nutritional components (proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, vitamins, and minerals) and non-nutritional components (hormones, growth factors, cytokines, immunoglobulins, and exosomes). Although the majority of previous research has been focused on the nutritional components of CM; there has been immense interest in the non-nutritional components in the recent past. Reckoning with these, in this review, we have provided a glimpse of the recent trends in CM research endeavors and attempted to provide our perspective on the therapeutic efficacy of the nutritional and non-nutritional components of CM. Interestingly, with concerted efforts from the research fraternities, convincing evidence for the better understanding of the claimed traditional health benefits of CM can be foreseen with great enthusiasm and is indeed eagerly anticipated