Psychological resilience and its relationship with satisfaction of basic psychological needs and exposure to traumatic events among the palestinian basic school students in west-bank

The main goal of this research is to discover the relationships of Psychological Resilience, Satisfying the basic psychological needs; (Autonomy, Competence, and Relatedness), and Exposure to Traumatic Events among the Palestinian basic school students in West-Bank Directorates by using structural equation modeling. Moreover, this study aimed to answer this question “How satisfying the basic psychological needs and exposure to traumatic events affect the resilience among the eighth and the ninth grades students in Palestine?” The study sample were basic school students in West Bank; that consisted of 537 students; 242 were males and 295 were females and the mean of age in the sample was (14.8 ± 1.12). There were 341 (64%) of the students from villages and there were 196 (36%) students from cities. In addition, there were 268 (50%) in the eighth grade and 269 (50%) were in the ninth grade. CYRM-28 psychological resilience scale and their factors (Individual factors, Caregiving factors, and Contextual factors), Deci and Ryan's basic psychological needs (BPNs) and Checklist of Traumatic Experiences (CTE), scales were completed, and their validity and reliability were confirmed with Cronbach alpha. The present study utilized structural equation modeling (“SEM”) to test the hypothesized model about relations among latent variables for CYRM- 28, BPNs, and CTE. The current study hypothesized positive path from BPNs to Psychological Resilience and it hypothesizes positive path from exposure to Traumatic Events to Psychological Resilience. According to the SEM the two hypotheses in this study were accepted, moreover the study finds that there are high levels of satisfying basic psychological needs and psychological resilience among the Palestinians basic school students. Consequently, family and teachers ought to give an approach to meeting these needs, which has constructive outcome, for example, resilience

Resilience and basic psychological needs among Palestinian school students

The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between Basic Psychological Needs including Autonomy, Competence and Relatedness (Deci and Ryan, 2000) and factors predicting resilience (American Psychological, 2010) among Palestinian school students who are living under adversity in the West Bank. The participants were 537 students 13 and 14 years old (45% male and 55% female) representing both urban and rural areas of the northern West Bank. All participants completed the CYRM-28 Psychological Resilience Questionnaire (Liebenberg et al., 2012) and The Basic Psychological Needs Scale-General Version (Ilardi et al., 1993). Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis results showed that the BPN model adequately explained variable variance (MOD FIT/CFI = 0.998) and that satisfying Basic Psychological Needs had positive and significant on resilience factors of Caregiving (Physical and Psychological Caregiving), Individual (Personal Skills, Peer Support, and Social Skills), and Context (Spiritual, Education and Cultural Context). The role of (BPN) was significant ( β = 0.297, p < 0.001), ( β = 0.409, p < 0.001), and (β = 0.241, p < 0.001) respectively Caregiving, Individual, and Context, factors were high (0.711, 0.706, and 0.80) respectively, which in turn indicated that (BPN) plays strong role in explaining the variance of Caregiving, Individual, and Context factors. Based on these findings, (SDT) can predict Resilience factors in case of satisfying (BPN). Findings of the study support that educational and family practices focusing on satisfying psychological needs are related to childhood resilience in the face of adversity

Psychological resilience among Palestinian school students: an exploratory study in the West Bank

The purpose of this study was to explore the factors in which the individual skills, family support and contextual components contribute in the psychological resilience among Palestinian school students who are living under adversity in the West Bank. The participants comprised 537 students (50% male and 50% female) in the 8th and 9th grade who live in urban and rural areas of the northern West Bank. The researcher used the CYRM-28 scale to measure the psychological resilience and their factors (Individual Skills, Family Support, and Contextual Components). The results revealed that the mean of resilience over the Palestinian schools was quite high being significantly higher for older male students living in villages rather than cities. In order to improve resilience on Palestinian children, contextual components (spiritual, educational and cultural) and family support (physical and psychological) are key areas that could be fostered through social and educational policies

Basic psychological needs satisfaction: a way to enhance resilience in traumatic situations

Background/Objective: The impact of traumatic events on resilience and the mediating factors creates specific interest in a conflict context. This study has explored the relationship between the satisfaction of Basic Psychological Needs (BPN) and resilience in adolescents exposed to different levels of adversity in Palestine. Method: A total of 837 eighth-, ninth- and tenth-grade students from the Gaza Strip (n = 300) and the West Bank (n = 537) completed three questionnaires to assess trauma, BPN satisfaction, and resilience. Results: The results showed a significant difference between the Gaza Strip (0.61) and the West Bank (0.29) in exposure to traumatic events; in both contexts, the BPN satisfaction was associated positively with resilience; in the West Bank the BPN satisfaction mediates the negative impact of trauma on resilience, and in the Gaza Strip, with the higher level of trauma, the BPN satisfaction interacts with trauma, positively affecting resilience. Conclusions: The results highlight the importance of satisfying BPN and indicates the importance of implementing intervention programs designed to satisfy BPN as a way of strengthening resilience in youth people living in traumatic situation

Psychological resilience among Palestinian school students: an exploratory study in the

Abstract The purpose of this study was to explore the factors in which the individual skills, family support and contextual components contribute in the psychological resilience among Palestinian school students who are living under adversity in the West Bank. The participants comprised 537 students (50% male and 50% female) in the 8 th and 9 th grade who live in urban and rural areas of the northern West Bank. The researcher used the CYRM-28 scale to measure the psychological resilience and their factors (Individual Skills, Family Support, and Contextual Components). The results revealed that the mean of resilience over the Palestinian schools was quite high being significantly higher for older male students living in villages rather than cities. In order to improve resilience on Palestinian children, contextual components (spiritual, educational and cultural) and family support (physical and psychological) are key areas that could be fostered through social and educational policies

Trade-off Curves and Elasticity Analysis in Multi Fuel Options System and Combined Problem

Recent environmental concerns and policies have reformulated the traditional economic dispatch problem by including the emission impacts in the mathematical model.  The combined economic and emission dispatch problem is a multi-objective non-linear optimization problem. This paper presents a method to consider the fuel costs and environmental emissions simultaneously. The -constraint method for bi-objective optimization has been used to generate Pareto front. Furthermore, trade-off curves have been developed for different types of emission. The elasticity of cost with respect to the emission (say, emission elasticity) has been estimated for all Pareto optimal points and different types of emissions that provides invaluable information for the system operator to run the system with sufficient flexibility subject to technical constraints while the operator has multi fuel options. Moreover, the emission elasticity is effective tool for competition in the electricity market. The Iranian Electricity Market is considered as empirical evidence. Keywords: Combined economic-emission dispatch, Emission elasticity, Iranian electricity market, Multi objective optimization model, ε-Constraint. JEL Classifications:  C6, F64, P48,

Interplay of Staphylococcal and Host Proteases Promotes Skin Barrier Disruption in Netherton Syndrome.

Netherton syndrome (NS) is a monogenic skin disease resulting from loss of function of lymphoepithelial Kazal-type-related protease inhibitor (LEKTI-1). In this study we examine if bacteria residing on the skin are influenced by the loss of LEKTI-1 and if interaction between this human gene and resident bacteria contributes to skin disease. Shotgun sequencing of the skin microbiome demonstrates that lesional skin of NS subjects is dominated by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis). Isolates of either species from NS subjects are able to induce skin inflammation and barrier damage on mice. These microbes promote skin inflammation in the setting of LEKTI-1 deficiency due to excess proteolytic activity promoted by S. aureus phenol-soluble modulin α as well as increased bacterial proteases staphopain A and B from S. aureus or EcpA from S. epidermidis. These findings demonstrate the critical need for maintaining homeostasis of host and microbial proteases to prevent a human skin disease

The Relevance of Internal Control System on Money Laundering in Jordanian Islamic and Commercial Banks

Purpose: This study seeks to determine whether internal control systems are important for preventing money laundering in Islamic and commercial banks in Jordan. It seeks to clarify the procedures and means for evaluating the internal control systems, identify the extent of their application, and determine their impact on reducing money laundering in banks.   Theoretical framework: Money laundering is a significant criminal activity that has serious economic and social impacts. Despite anti-money laundering legislation and emphasis on internal controls, money laundering remains a pervasive problem in the financial industry. Effective internal controls can help prevent errors, manipulation, and fraud that facilitate money laundering, thereby preventing crime and ensuring market competitiveness.   Design/methodology/approach: As part of the study, interviews were conducted using a qualitative methodology. It was essential that those selected for interviews work in a controlling position or department in banks. All facets of the internal control framework are covered in the interview questions.   Findings: Internal control has a positive impact on preventing money laundering in banks, and control activities are critical in preventing money laundering operations. The quality of information obtained and distributed by banks, along with channels for distributing information, are factors in improving a bank's ability to combat money laundering.   Research, Practical &amp; Social implications: The study has practical and social implications in determining characteristics that affect the efficacy of anti-money laundering actions, which can aid in drastically reducing money laundering.   Originality/value: The study adds to what is already known about anti-money laundering initiatives and how well they work to stop money laundering in Islamic and Commercial banks. Its investigation of the effects of information and communication on developing effective internal control systems to prevent money laundering gives it originality and value. Additionally, it creates new opportunities for future study into how well internal control procedures work to lessen money laundering in various contexts and nations

The impact of immediate breast reconstruction on the time to delivery of adjuvant therapy: the iBRA-2 study

Background: Immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) is routinely offered to improve quality-of-life for women requiring mastectomy, but there are concerns that more complex surgery may delay adjuvant oncological treatments and compromise long-term outcomes. High-quality evidence is lacking. The iBRA-2 study aimed to investigate the impact of IBR on time to adjuvant therapy. Methods: Consecutive women undergoing mastectomy ± IBR for breast cancer July–December, 2016 were included. Patient demographics, operative, oncological and complication data were collected. Time from last definitive cancer surgery to first adjuvant treatment for patients undergoing mastectomy ± IBR were compared and risk factors associated with delays explored. Results: A total of 2540 patients were recruited from 76 centres; 1008 (39.7%) underwent IBR (implant-only [n = 675, 26.6%]; pedicled flaps [n = 105,4.1%] and free-flaps [n = 228, 8.9%]). Complications requiring re-admission or re-operation were significantly more common in patients undergoing IBR than those receiving mastectomy. Adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy was required by 1235 (48.6%) patients. No clinically significant differences were seen in time to adjuvant therapy between patient groups but major complications irrespective of surgery received were significantly associated with treatment delays. Conclusions: IBR does not result in clinically significant delays to adjuvant therapy, but post-operative complications are associated with treatment delays. Strategies to minimise complications, including careful patient selection, are required to improve outcomes for patients