Variation of hemodynamic response following induction and tracheal intubation: etomidate vs midazolam

Background: Induction and endotracheal intubation are invariably associated with certain cardiovascular changes during anaesthesia practice and can lead to sudden swings of blood pressure, arrhythmias, MI and cardiovascular collapse especially in geriatric and haemodynamically unstable patients. Therefore it is desirable to use a safer agent with fewer adverse effects to minimise these complications. Present prospective randomized study is designed to compare the haemodynamic alterations and various adverse effects following induction with etomidate and midazolam.Methods: Hundred ASA I and II patients of age group 18-60 years scheduled for elective surgical procedure under general anesthesia were randomly divided into two groups of 50 each receiving etomidate (0.3mg/kg) and midazolam (0.15mgk/kg) as an induction agent. Vital parameters before and after induction and thereafter at specified time interval following laryngoscopy and intubation were recorded for comparison. Adverse effect viz. pain on injection, apnea and myoclonic activity were also carefully watched.Results: Demographic variables in both the groups were comparable. Patients in both the groups showed little change in mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) from baseline value (p >0.05). Pain on injection and myoclonic activity were seen in etomidate group while delayed awakening was seen with Midazolam group.Conclusions: This study concludes that both etomidate and midazolam provides haemodynamic stability but Midazolam can be preferred as an induction agent in view of fewer side effects

Vataja Artava Dusti and its Management - An Ayurvedic Review

Almost every women, experience one or the other types of menstrual problem in her lifetime. The prevalence of menstrual disorders has been recorded as high as 87%, out of which dysmenorrhea has prevalence of 60% to 93%. In Ayurvedic classics, most of the menstrual disorders have been described under the heading Asta artavadusti and Asrgdara. Vatajaartavadusti is described in various texts by Acharyas. According to Ayurveda classics Vatajaartavadusti define as Artava vitiated by Vata excreted with pain and reddish or blackish in colour. The condition of Vatajaartavadusti resembles with the description of dysmenorrhea. Dysmenorrhea is the painful menstruation of sufficient magnitude so as to incapacitate day to day activities. On the basis of symptom menstruation along with pain, it appears to be nearer to dysmenorrhea. At present, different types of treatment protocol which are mainly used for treating dysmenorrhea are NSAIDs (analgesics), antispasmodics, oral contraceptive pills and surgical procedure. But they provide only temporary relief. Ayurveda describes various modalities like oral medication, Panchakarma procedures, life style modification and correction in diet. So this study is undertaken to through the light on classical reference of Vatajaartavadusti with modern correlation dysmenorrhea and its Ayurvedic management

Sunthi Bilwa Kwath with Yava Saktu in Garbhini Chardi (Emesis Gravidarum) - A Systematic Literature Review

There are various minor ailments occur during pregnancy, where nausea and vomiting are usually common in early pregnancy. Vomiting in early weeks of pregnancy, mentioned as Garbhini Chardi (Emesis Graviderum) in Vyakt Garbha Lakshana in classics. If this vomiting is not corrected at right time, it may cause many complications later. Due to sedentary lifestyle, changed food habits, stress etc. has made pregnancies more difficult in today’s era. Modern obstetrics practice manages emesis gravidarum using drugs like anti-emetics, antacids, giving nutritional support with vitamin B1, B6, B12. Moreover, drugs like anti-emetics etc. subsides the symptoms but they are having some minimal side effects too such as constipation, dysuria, urinary retention etc. So, Ayurveda approach is found to be very useful in such condition, many formulations are mentioned in our classics which can be incorporated in daily life by pregnant woman. Acharya Yogaratnakar in Streeroga Chikitsa have mentioned many herbal formulations for garbhini Chardi. Here, Sunthi Bilwa Kwath with Yava Saktu formulation may subsides the vomiting during pregnancy due to Kasaya Ras and Ruksha Guna of Bilwa and Yava Saktu, Deepan, Pachan karma of Sunthi and Bilwa, Chardighna Properties of Yava. So here a systematic literature review of Sunthi Bilwa Kwath with Yava Saktu in the management of Garbhini Chardi will be discussed

Extending the Chemistry of Reaction between BODIPY and Cyanide Ions: An Application in Selective Sensing of Fluoride and Cyanide Ions

A novel colorimetric BODIPY-based probe for selective detection of fluoride and cyanide has been developed. The color of the solution significantly changes upon addition of fluoride and cyanide ions with detection limits of 2.2 × 10–7 and 1.8 × 10–7 M calculated by UV–vis absorption method for F– and CN– respectively. An unprecedented phenomenon about the interaction of cyanide ions with the probe was discovered which has not been reported yet. The green color of the paper strip in the presence of cyanide ions changes with time. This observation indicates that unlike fluoride, the cyanide ion interaction with the probe is beyond mere deprotonation of the phenolic group rather envisaged as nucleophilic addition reaction. The phenomenon was also observed in the solution phase and subsequently the reaction order and rate constant of the reaction were determined from absorption versus time graph which were found to be first order and 0.3465 s–1 respectively. The emission spectra also showed different behavior of interaction with time for the two ions. The rate of the reaction was found to be independent of the solvent polarity. The plausible mechanism of the reaction between cyanide and fluoride ions with the probe was proposed based on 1H NMR titration experiments and mass spectrometry

Structural comparison of suberanilohydroxamic acid (SAHA) and other zinc-enzyme inhibitors bound to a monomeric zinc species

Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) and similar proteins contain an active Zn–OH group and have been targets for inhibitors. Known inhibitors such as suberanilohydroxamic acid (SAHA), suberohydroxamic acid (SBHA), valproic acid, and 8-hydroxyquinoline (8-HQ) derivatives act on these enzymes by binding to the zinc center. To examine how these drugs interacted with zinc centers and to examine their structural differences, a homogeneous zinc complex was synthesized and reacted with SAHA, SBHA, valproic acid, and 8-HQ to form stable adducts, which were characterized by spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. A comparison of their structures with known complexes and enzyme active sites bound to drugs was performed in order to understand how these drugs interact with their targets