Profil Gaya Kognitif Empathizing-Systemizing pada Anak Indonesia

Abstract—The present study examined Empathizing-Systemizing Theory (E-S Theory) in Indonesian Children. E-S Theory has known as a theory that is attempted to explain the cluster of both the social and non-social features in autism spectrum conditions. Children’s version of the Empathy Quotient (EQ-C) and the Systemizing Quotient (SQ-C) were administered to 372 Indonesia parents who had typically developed children aged 4-11 years old (boys = 182, girls = 190). The results showed that the girls scored higher that boys on EQ-C . In the case of SQ-C, there were no differences between boys and girls. However, the proportion of cognitive style shows clear individual differences between boys and girls. The proportion of participants with empathizing dominant cognitive sytle was shown higher by girls than boys, which distributed to E and Extreme E brain types, while the proportion of systemizing dominant cognitive styles is higher in boys whom brain types spread across the Type S and Extreme S categories. This study explaining inherited biological factors of autism and  underscore the vulnerability among  boys to develop autism spectrum condition if compared to girls. Keywords: Empathizing Quotient (EQ), extreme male brain of autism, sex, Systemizing Quotient (SQ) Abstrak—Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji teori Empathizing-Systemizing (E-S Theory) pada konteks anak Indonesia. E-S Theory dikenal sebagai sebuah teori yang digunakan untuk melihat gugus fitur sosial dan non-sosial kondisi spektrum autisme. Subjek penelitian ini adalah 372 orang tua Indonesia dengan anak berusia 4-11 tahun (anak laki-laki = 182, perempuan = 190), M usia = 7 Tahun, SD= 2.423 yang diminta untuk mengisi skala Empathizing Quotient (EQ) dan Systemizing Quotient (SQ). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bahwa tingkat empati anak perempuan lebih tinggi daripada tingkat empati anak laki-laki. Dalam hal mensistemasi tidak ditemukan adanya perbedaan kemampuan antara anak laki-laki dan perempuan. Namun, proporsi gaya kognitif menunjukkan adanya perbedaan individual yang signifikan antara anak laki-laki dan perempuan. Gaya kognitif dominan berempati lebih tinggi pada anak perempuan, yang tersebar pada kategori tipe otak E dan Ekstrim E, sedangkan proporsi gaya kognitif mensistemasi lebih tinggi pada anak laki-laki dengan tipe otak yang tersebar pada kategori Tipe S dan Ekstrim S.  Hasil penelitian ini memberikan bukti adanya faktor biologis bawaan dari autism ditinjau dari jenis kelamin dan menunjukkan kerentanan bawaan anak laki-laki terhadap kondisi autism jika dibandingkan dengan anak perempuan.Kata kunci: Empathizing Quotient (EQ), extreme male brain of autism, jenis kelamin, Systemizing Quotient (SQ

HUBUNGAN SELF‐COMPASSION DAN WORKFAMILY CONFLICT PADA IBU PEKERJA

Abstract ‐‐ The dual role of women must be responsible in the family and work triggers a conflict called work-family conflict. The existence of these conflicts can be finalized by an internal capability called self compassion This study aims to examine the relationship between self-compassion and work-family conflict in working mothers. Respondents in this study amounted to 100 women with the criteria of being married, and at least having 1 child who still lives together. Data collection was carried out by quantitative methods using self-compassion quistionaire (SCQ) and the Indonesian version of work-family conflict quistionaire (WFCQ). The results showed that there was significant negative relationship between self-compassion and work-family conflict (β= -.0669; R²= 0.448; p < 0,05). This means, that self-compassion associated with work-family conflict by women factory workers and vice versa. In addition, the results this study also showed that the contribution of self-compassion is an individual internal factor that contributes to workfamily conflict in woman factory workers. Keywords: self‐compassion, work‐family conflict, working mothers. Abstrak— Peran ganda perempuan yang harus bertanggung jawab dalam keluarga dan pekerjaan memicu adanya konflik yang disebut work-family conflict. Adanya konflik tersebut dapat diminimalisir dengan salah satu kemampuan internal yang disebut self compassion yaitu pemahaman terhadap diri sendiri untuk menerima segala kekurangannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji hubungan selfcompassion dan work-family conflict yang dialami oleh buruh pabrik perempuan. Responden dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 100 orang perempuan yang bekerja sebagai buruh pabrik dengan kriteria berstatus menikah dan memiliki minimal 1 anak yang masih tinggal bersama. Pengumpulan data dilakukan metode kuantitatif dengan menggunakan kuisioner Self-Compassion dan kuisioner work-family conflict versi Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan negatif signifikan antara self-compassion dan workfamily conflict (β= -.0669; R²= 0.448; p < 0,05). Hal ini berarti self-compassion berasosiasi dengan work-family conflict, yaitu semakin tinggi tingkat self-compassion maka tingkat work-family conflict yang dialami oleh pekerja buruh perempuan semakin rendah, begitu pula sebaliknya. Selain itu, hasil penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa kontribusi self-compassion terhadap work-family conflict ialah sebesar 44,8 %. Temuan ini menggambarkan bahwa self-compassion menjadi faktor internal individu yang berkontribusi terhadap work-family conflict yang dialami pekerja buruh perempuan. Implikasi untuk penelitian selanjutnya adalah mempertimbangkan pendidikan minimum responden dan memperhitungkan waktu luang responden. Kata kunci: self‐compassion, work‐family conflict, ibu pekerja

HUBUNGAN SELF‐COMPASSION DAN WORKFAMILY CONFLICT PADA IBU PEKERJA

Abstract ‐‐ The dual role of women must be responsible in the family and work triggers a conflict called work-family conflict. The existence of these conflicts can be finalized by an internal capability called self compassion This study aims to examine the relationship between self-compassion and work-family conflict in working mothers. Respondents in this study amounted to 100 women with the criteria of being married, and at least having 1 child who still lives together. Data collection was carried out by quantitative methods using self-compassion quistionaire (SCQ) and the Indonesian version of work-family conflict quistionaire (WFCQ). The results showed that there was significant negative relationship between self-compassion and work-family conflict (β= -.0669; R²= 0.448; p < 0,05). This means, that self-compassion associated with work-family conflict by women factory workers and vice versa. In addition, the results this study also showed that the contribution of self-compassion is an individual internal factor that contributes to workfamily conflict in woman factory workers. Keywords: self‐compassion, work‐family conflict, working mothers. Abstrak— Peran ganda perempuan yang harus bertanggung jawab dalam keluarga dan pekerjaan memicu adanya konflik yang disebut work-family conflict. Adanya konflik tersebut dapat diminimalisir dengan salah satu kemampuan internal yang disebut self compassion yaitu pemahaman terhadap diri sendiri untuk menerima segala kekurangannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji hubungan selfcompassion dan work-family conflict yang dialami oleh buruh pabrik perempuan. Responden dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 100 orang perempuan yang bekerja sebagai buruh pabrik dengan kriteria berstatus menikah dan memiliki minimal 1 anak yang masih tinggal bersama. Pengumpulan data dilakukan metode kuantitatif dengan menggunakan kuisioner Self-Compassion dan kuisioner work-family conflict versi Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan negatif signifikan antara self-compassion dan workfamily conflict (β= -.0669; R²= 0.448; p < 0,05). Hal ini berarti self-compassion berasosiasi dengan work-family conflict, yaitu semakin tinggi tingkat self-compassion maka tingkat work-family conflict yang dialami oleh pekerja buruh perempuan semakin rendah, begitu pula sebaliknya. Selain itu, hasil penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa kontribusi self-compassion terhadap work-family conflict ialah sebesar 44,8 %. Temuan ini menggambarkan bahwa self-compassion menjadi faktor internal individu yang berkontribusi terhadap work-family conflict yang dialami pekerja buruh perempuan. Implikasi untuk penelitian selanjutnya adalah mempertimbangkan pendidikan minimum responden dan memperhitungkan waktu luang responden. Kata kunci: self‐compassion, work‐family conflict, ibu pekerja

Investigating Aggressive Behavior among Urban Adolescents: The Role of Parental Monitoring and the Dark Triad Personality

Aggressive behavior is an intentional act of hurting other people or creatures, either verbally or non-verbally, and can be influenced by various internal and external factors. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the relationship between parental monitoring and dark triad personality in relation to aggressive behavior in adolescents. The participants were 150 adolescents aged 12 to 15 years, who filled out the Parental Monitoring Scale (PMS), Short Dark Triad (SD-3), and Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ). The results showed that parental monitoring and dark triad personality, consisting of machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy, collectively predicted aggressive behavior in adolescents (R2=0.441, p<0.05). In comparison to parental monitoring, the dark triad personality was a stronger predictor of aggressive behavior. Machiavellianism contributed the most to aggressive behavior in adolescents (29%). The implications of this study served as a valuable reference for parents, counselors, and communities, emphasizing the importance of addressing and preventing aggressive behavior among adolescents

A Preliminary Study of Screen-media, Empathizing, and Systemizing in Children

This study aims to examine the relationship between screen time and empathizing-systemizing cognitive styles. To date, the present study involved 197 parents of elementary school children in Indonesia, 7-11 years old. Parents completed several questionnaires addressing children’s screen-time, screen activities, and Empathizing-Systemizing Quotients (EQ-SQ Child). The results showed that children spent more than 4 hours on average per day with media use, infringes the rules by the American Pediatric Association about healthy duration screen activities for children. The research also found gender preferences toward screenactivities. Boys were reported engaged more with gaming and watching activities than girls. Regarding Empathizing-Systemizing cognitive styles, the result indicates a non-significant relationship between total screen time and Empathizing-Systemizing (E-S). However, a specific relation was found between the type of screen activities and the E-S. Watching activities (TV, videos, and movies), playing video games, and doing homework showed a negative relation with Empathizing. On the other side, watching activities is also related negatively with Systemizing. Moreover, Gaming was found to be correlated with the D-Score. The result highlights the clinical importance of examining the role of media on children development as the finding has suggested the role of media to the E-S cognitive styles, therefore indirectly explained the effects of screen-based media on the development of autism among children

Parental psychological control and cyberbullying tendency in adolescents from the perpetrator side

This research aims to analyze the contributions of parents’ behavior to adolescent cyberbullying. It tests the role of parental psychological control and adolescent cyberbullying behaviour using a quantitative design with the selection of samples in the form of accidental sampling. Furthermore, the participants comprised 383 adolescents aged 13-17 years who live with both parents and have committed cyberbullying. The respondents filled out the questionnaires containing the Psychological Control – Disrespect Scale (PCDS) to measure the patent’s psychological control and the Cyber-Aggression Scale (CYB-AGS). A multiple regression analysis showed that the control predicts adolescent cyberbullying behavior (R2= 0,053, F =10.619, p = 0.000), and as a predictor variable, it contributes 5.3% to cyberbullying behavior. According to the model, the father’s psychological control predicts adolescents’ cyberbullying behavior. This research reveals the significance of parental psychological control in adolescent cyberbullying behaviour

Self-Presentation Berperan terhadap Psychological Well-Being: Survey pada Emerging Adulthood Pengguna Instagram

Social media is one of the media that is often used as a medium of interaction and self-presenting. The use of social networking sites helps individuals form relationships with others online so that individuals have good psychological well-being. Uploading videos, photos or statuses is part of an online self-presentation so that what is presented can shape identity. The purpose of the study was to find out the relationship of self-presentation with psychological well-being. The method used is quantitative correlational. The number of participants in the study was 282 active students used instagram. Instruments used in this study is Ryff’s Psychological well-being Scale and Self-Presentation on Facebook Questionnaire from Michikyan et al. The results showed that is significant positive correlation of self-presentation with psychological well-being of emerging adulthood which used instagram. The more often individuals do self-presentation on instagram in the form of real self, the higher the psychological well-being condition of the individual, while the individual who conducts self-presentation ideally self or false self then the psychological well-being level is likely to be low.Media sosial merupakan salah satu media yang sering digunakan sebagai media interaksi dan mempresentasikan diri. Penggunaan media sosial membantu emerging adult membentuk relasi dengan orang lain secara online sehingga individu memiliki psychological well-being yang baik. Mengunggah video, foto atau status merupakan bagian dari self-presentation secara online yang nantinya dapat membentuk identitas diri. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan self-presentation dengan psychological well-being.  Metode yang digunakan ialah kuantitatif korelasional dengan jumlah partisipan sebanyak 282 mahasiswa aktif pengguna instagram. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah Psychological well-being Scale dari Ryff, sedangkan untuk mengukur self-presentation menggunakan Self-Presentation on Facebook Questionnaire dari Michikyan dkk. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan ada korelasi positif yang signifikan antara self-presentation dengan psychological well-being pada emerging adulthood pengguna instagram. Semakin sering emerging adulthood melakukan self-presentation di instagram dalam bentuk real self maka semakin tinggi pula kondisi psychological well-being-nya, sedangkan individu yang melakukan self-presentation secara ideal self atau false self maka tingkat psychological well-being yang dimilikinya cenderung rendah

“Media Use and the Analytical Brain”: Screen-Based Media Use and Behavioral Preference in Indonesian Children: [“Penggunaan Media dan Otak Analitik”: Penggunaan Media Berbasis Layar dan Preferensi Perilaku Anak Indonesia]

This study aims to examine the relationship between screen-based media use and autistic features. The present study involved 207 parents of Indonesian children 4-6 years old and 10-12 years old. Parents completed several questionnaires addressing children screen-based activities and level of autistic traits. The questionnaires are: (1) a screen-based media survey; (2) Empathizing-Systemizing Quotients (EQ-SQ Child); and (3) The Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ-Child). An online survey was utilized to collect all study data. The results showed that children spent more than four hours on average per day with media use. The regression analysis indicated that total time spent by children on media use shows a positive correlation with systemizing. The total time spent by children on media use also positively correlated with the extreme male brain condition. The total time spent on screen-based media use did not significantly contribute to explaining the variance of empathizing. However, empathizing is negatively correlated with time devoted in watching activities (television, videos, and movies) and playing video games. The more children spend time playing in video games, the more the autism quotient (AQ) score increases. Finally, the current study provides empirical evidence for a relation of screen-based media use and autistic features in children. The findings suggest that the duration of screen-time are significant predictors of systemizing and extreme male behavior, albeit the significance for empathizing depends on the type of media. The results highlight the clinical importance of examining screen-based media use among children.   Studi ini bertujuan untuk menguji hubungan antara penggunaan media berbasis layar dengan karakteristik autisme. Studi ini melibatkan 207 orang tua di Indonesia yang memiliki anak berusia 4-6 tahun dan 10-12 tahun. Orang tua menyelesaikan beberapa survei secara daring. Kuesioner tersebut terdiri dari: (1) survei mengenai durasi penggunaan media berbasis layar pada anak; (2) skala Empathizing-Systemizing Quotient (EQ-SQ Child); dan (3) skala Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ-Child). Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa anak menghabiskan waktu secara rerata lebih dari empat jam per hari dengan penggunaan media. Analisis regresi menunjukkan bahwa durasi total penggunaan media berkorelasi positif dengan tingkat sistemisasi anak dan extreme male brain behavior, namun tidak berkontribusi secara signifikan dalam menjelaskan tingkat empati anak. Tingkat empati secara spesifik berkorelasi negatif dengan waktu yang digunakan untuk aktivitas menonton (televisi, video, dan film) dan bermain video game. Semakin lama durasi anak bermain video game, maka skor autism quotient (AQ) juga meningkat. Dengan demikian, studi ini memberikan bukti empiris mengenai hubungan penggunaan media berbasis layar dengan karakteristik autisme pada anak. Durasi penggunaan media berbasis layar adalah prediktor yang siginifikan untuk tingkat sistemasi dan extreme male brain behavior, sedangkan tingkat berempati anak lebih dipengaruhi oleh jenis media. Hasil studi ini menyoroti pentingnya memperhatikan dampak dari penggunaan media berbasis layar pada anak

Gaya Kepemimpinan Transformasional Dan Konflik Kerja-Keluarga Karyawan Industri Manufaktur

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji hubungan antara gaya kepemimpinan transformasional seorang atasan dengan tingkat konflik kerja-keluarga karyawannya. Responden penelitian berasal dari karyawan perusahaan industri manufaktur sepeda dengan total responden sebanyak 117 orang yang dipilih dengan teknik pemilihan probability sampling-simple random sampling. Data yang terkumpul dalam penelitian ini didapatkan dengan menyebarkan angket penelitian yang berisi skala kepemimpinan transformasional dan konflik kerja-keluarga yang selanjutnya dianalisis dengan menggunakan teknik analisis korelasi. Hasil analisis data korelasi menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan negatif yang signfikan antara gaya kepemimpinan transformasional atasan dan konflik kerja-keluarga karyawan. Namun, pengolahan data lebih lanjut menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara 5 dari 7 aspek gaya kepemimpinan transformasional yakni vision, staff development, empowerment, innovative thinking, dan lead by example dengan salah satu aspek dari konflik kerja-keluarga yakni family interference work­-strain. Penelitian ini juga menghasilkan temuan lain yakni adanya asosiasi antara jenis kelamin atasan dengan tingkat konflik kerja-keluarga karyawan, yakni atasan berjenis kelamin perempuan cenderung lebih transformasional dibandingkan atasan berjenis kelamin laki-laki. Hasil yang demikian mengindikasikan bahwa karyawan yang dipimpin oleh seorang pemimpin yang transformasional akan merasa memiliki panutan yang dapat memberikannya contoh dalam mengatasi konflik peran dalam lingkup keluarga dan pekerjaannya. Dengan demikian, karyawan dapat mengadaptasi pola keseimbangan kerja-keluarga dari atasannya dan mempraktikkannya dalam kehidupan rumah tangganya sehingga tekanan dari peran yang dimiliki dalam lingkup keluarga tidak sampai mengganggu perannya di lingkungan kerja

Investigation Aggressive Behavior among Urban Adolescents: The Role of Parental Monitoring and the Dark Triad Personality

Aggressive behavior is an intentional act of hurting other people or creatures, either verbally or non-verbally, and can be influenced by various internal and external factors. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the relationship between parental monitoring and dark triad personality in relation to aggressive behavior in adolescents. The participants were 150 adolescents aged 12 to 15 years, who filled out the Parental Monitoring Scale (PMS), Short Dark Triad (SD-3), and Buss- Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ). The results showed that parental monitoring and dark triad personality, consisting of machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy, collectively predicted aggressive behavior in adolescents (R2=0.441, p<0.05). In comparison to parental monitoring, the dark triad personality was a stronger predictor of aggressive behavior. Machiavellianism contributed the most to aggressive behavior in adolescents (29%). The implications of this study served as a valuable reference for parents, counselors, and communities, emphasizing the importance of addressing and preventing aggressive behavior among adolescents