N/om, Change, and Social Work: A Recursive Frame Analysis of the Transformative Rituals of the Ju/’hoan Bushmen

The Ju/’hoan Bushman origin myth is depicted as a contextual frame for their healing and transformative ways. Using Recursive Frame Analysis, these performances are shown to be an enactment of the border crossing between First and Second Creation, that is, pre - linguistic and linguistic domains of experience. Here n/om, or the presumed creative life force, is infused into the community. As the Ju/’hoan Bushmen struggle to maintain their way of life in the face of economic and political change, they are likely to increasingly come into contact with social service and other aid programs. Any future for social work with the Bushmen is served by an understanding of how they relate to n/om. In particular, supporting Bushman communities requires highlighting the importance of the way changing forms arise in their recurrent mythological border crossings, the heart of Bushman transformative experience

Archaeological and Historical Investigations at Foscue Plantation : Identifying the Structure in the Vault Field

During the 2007 Craven Community College archaeological field school, a dense concentration of brick was discovered at the Vault Field site (31JN112**) on Foscue Plantation in eastern North Carolina. This feature was determined to be a chimney fall during the 2008 field school. The structure associated with the chimney fall continued to be excavated through 2012, with the 2011 and 2012 field schools being co-directed by the author. The goal of these excavations was to determine the identity of the structure in the Vault Field. The hypothesis tested for this thesis was that the structure was Simon Foscue, Jr.'s original house as mentioned in two deeds dated 1801 and 1803. Historic deeds and maps revealed that the structure in the Vault Field was not Simon Foscue, Jr.'s 1803 home. The parcel on which the 1803 home was located was sold in 1810, and the parcel on which the Vault Field site is located was not purchased until 1811. Archaeological and historical research were used to evaluate the likelihood that the structure in the Vault Field was a detached kitchen, slave quarter, overseer's house, or a Foscue family dwelling. Archaeological research revealed that the house was likely on the Vault Field land before the Foscue family owned it, but that it continued to be utilized during their occupation of the land. It was concluded that the structure was most likely used as a residence by various members of the Foscue family.  M.A

Intervención de enfermería en la adherencia a la suplementación de antianémicos en madres de niños menores de un año de un establecimiento de salud Andahuaylas - Apurimac

El desorden nutricional más extendido y más común alrededor del mundo es el déficit de hierro, esta carencia consecuentemente produce anemia, enfermedad que en la actualidad se considera un importante problema sanitario en todo el mundo. Pese a que la anemia ya se manifiesta en una etapa tardía de déficit de hierro, la falta de control ha conllevado a su alta prevalencia en la mayoría de países en desarrollo, donde los niños y las mujeres representan el grupo más vulnerable. Los infantes presentan alto riesgo al déficit de hierro desde la etapa prenatal y en la lactancia, ya que las madres irán disminuyendo de forma gradual sus depósitos de hierro. Aunque todavía se discute la influencia de la madre en los niveles de hierro del neonato, se cuentan con importantes estudios que afirmaron que las madres con anemia ferropénica tienen hijos con bajos niveles de hierro. Por otro lado, las madres con un adecuado estado nutricional lograran cumplir con los requerimientos de hierro hasta los seis meses del niño, por lo que posteriormente su dieta deberá contemplar alimentos abundantes en este mineral como vísceras, carnes rojas y cereales fortificados. En caso de que no se logre cubrir los requerimientos de hierro y que el infante no reciba tratamiento oportuno, este reducirá sus capacidades intelectuales, motoras y emocionales, además de presentar bajo peso y retraso en el crecimiento. Las mujeres gestantes y los niños son particularmente sensibles a los efectos que origina la deficiencia de micronutrientes, pues su requerimiento de vitaminas y minerales es significativamente mayor, principalmente para el adecuado desarrollo del infante. En ese sentido, expertos afirman que un déficit de micronutrientes está relacionado con la morbilidad y mortalidad de infantes de hasta 5 años

What is the value of social values? The uselessness of assessing health-related quality of life through preference measures

BACKGROUND: The use of preference-based measures in the evaluation of health outcomes has extended considerably over the last decade. Their alleged advantage over other types of general instruments in the evaluation of health related quality of life (HRQOL), supposedly lies in the fact that preference measures incorporate values or utilities that reflects the value of social preferences through health states. The objective of this study was to determine whether the use of social preference weights or utilities makes any real difference when calculating scores for the Euroqol (EQ5-D) questionnaire, a HRQOL preference-based measure. METHODS: Responses to the EQ5-D of a sample of 10,972 patients from 10 countries enrolled in an observational study of the treatment of schizophrenia in Europe were used for this purpose. Two different methods of scoring the EQ-5D where compared: 'weighting the items' of the questionnaire through the UK official weight coefficients, and 'non-weighting the items'. Pearson's, Spearman's, and two-way mixed parametric intraclass correlation coefficients were used to estimate the association of the scores obtained in both ways. RESULTS: The association between weighted and unweighted Euroqol scores was extremely high (Pearson's r = 0.91), as was the association between their ranks (Spearman's ρ = 0.93). The intraclass correlation coefficient obtained (0.89) also suggested that the concordance between the score distributions was prominent. CONCLUSIONS: A non-weighted approach to score the EQ5-D is enough to explain a high proportion of variance in scores obtained through the use of utilities. The differential contribution of weights based on population preference values is therefore minimal and, in our opinion, negligible

Developing the principles of chair based exercise for older people: a modified Delphi study

Background Chair based exercise (CBE) is suggested to engage older people with compromised health and mobility in an accessible form of exercise. A systematic review looking at the benefits of CBE for older people identified a lack of clarity regarding a definition, delivery, purpose and benefits. This study aimed to utilise expert consensus to define CBE for older people and develop a core set of principles to guide practice and future research. Methods The framework for consensus was constructed through a team workshop identifying 42 statements within 7 domains. A four round electronic Delphi study with multi-disciplinary health care experts was undertaken. Statements were rated using a 5 point Likert scale of agreement and free text responses. A threshold of 70% agreement was used to determine consensus. Free text responses were analysed thematically. Between rounds a number of strategies (e.g., amended wording of statements, generation and removal of statements) were used to move towards consensus. Results 16 experts agreed on 46 statements over four rounds of consultation (Round 1: 22 accepted, 3 removed, 5 new and 17 modified; Round 2: 16 accepted, 0 removed, 4 new and 6 modified; Round 3: 4 accepted, 2 removed, 0 new and 4 modified; Round 4: 4 accepted, 0 removed, 0 new, 0 modified). Statements were accepted in all seven domains: the definition of CBE (5), intended users (3), potential benefits (8), structure (12), format (8), risk management (7) and evaluation (3). The agreed definition of CBE had five components: 1. CBE is primarily a seated exercise programme; 2. The purpose of using a chair is to promote stability in both sitting and standing; 3. CBE should be considered as part of a continuum of exercise for frail older people where progression is encouraged; 4. CBE should be used flexibly to respond to the changing needs of frail older people; and 5. Where possible CBE should be used as a starting point to progress to standing programmes. Conclusions Consensus has been reached on a definition and a set of principles governing CBE for older people; this provides clarity for implementation and future research about CBE

E-commerce transactions in a virtual environment: Virtual transactions

E-commerce is a fundamental method of doing business, such that for a firm to say it is trading at all in the modern market-place it must have some element of on-line presence. Coupled with this is the explosion of the "population" of Massively Multiplayer On-line Role Playing Games and other shared virtual environments. Many suggest this will lead to a further dimension of commerce: virtual commerce. We discuss here the issues, current roadblocks and present state of an e-commerce transaction carried out completely within a virtual environment; a virtual transaction. Although technically such transactions are in a sense trivial, they raise many other issues in complex ways thus making V-transactions a highly interesting cross-disciplinary issue. We also discuss the social, ethical and regulatory implications for the virtual communities in these environments of such v-transactions, how their implementation affects the nature and management of a virtual environment, and how they represent a fundamental merging of the real and virtual worlds for the purpose of commerce. We highlight the minimal set of features a v-transaction capable virtual environment requires and suggest a model of how in the medium term they could be carried out via a methodology we call click-through, and that the developers of such environments will need to take on the multi-modal behavior of their users, as well as elements of the economic and political sciences in order to fully realize the commercial potential of the v-transaction. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

Perspectives on Risk Perceptions

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/72341/1/j.1539-6924.1981.tb01409.x.pd

Consolidated briefing of biochemical ethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass

AbstractBioethanol production is one pathway for crude oil reduction and environmental compliance. Bioethanol can be used as fuel with significant characteristics like high octane number, low cetane number and high heat of vaporization. Its main drawbacks are the corrosiveness, low flame luminosity, lower vapor pressure, miscibility with water, and toxicity to ecosystems. One crucial problem with bioethanol fuel is the availability of raw materials. The supply of feedstocks for bioethanol production can vary season to season and depends on geographic locations. Lignocellulosic biomass, such as forest-based woody materials, agricultural residues and municipal waste, is prominent feedstock for bioethanol cause of its high availability and low cost, even though the commercial production has still not been established. In addition, the supply and the attentive use of microbes render the bioethanol production process highly peculiar. Many conversion technologies and techniques for biomass-based ethanol production are under development and expected to be demonstrated. In this work a technological analysis of the biochemical method that can be used to produce bioethanol is carried out and a review of current trends and issues is conducted