Some problems of human adaptation and ecology under the aspect of general pathology

The main problems of human adaptation at the level of the body and the population in connection with the features of current morbidity of the population and certain demographic processes are analyzed. The concepts of health and adaptation of the individual and human populations are determined. The importance of the anthropo-ecological approach to the investigation of the adaptation process of human populations is demonstrated. Certain features of the etiopathogenesis of diseases are considered in connection with the population-ecological regularities of human adaptation. The importance of research on general pathology aspects of adaptation and the ecology of man for planning, and organization of public health protection is discussed

Physical Culture and Its Role in Training the Students of Non-sports Higher Educational Institutions

The aim of the investigation is to show long-felt need of formation of proof motivation to physical culture and skills of a healthy way of life among university students, whose specialties are not connected with the sports. Methods. The methods involve survey and questionnaire as a part of sociological research (such methods were used to find out what place occupies health in the system of modern students’ values, and what are be the basic motives of a healthy way of life of student’s youth). The standard computer statistical analysis was applied to processing of research results. Scientific novelty and results. Modern interpretation of the term «physical training» is given. Authors of the present study maintain and prove the fact that not only simply applied aspect of the formation, helping to achieve quality health of the person and to get the competence of professional sports, but also a science concerning the ways and technologies of achievement of harmony of the personal development, provide successful preparation for work on the chosen specialty. Data of sociological research shows stereotypic representations of students on physical training as a way of improvement of muscles work and increase its weight. The research show total imperception of the fact that muscles activity is reflected in emotionally-shaped thinking; successful mastering of modern scientific knowledge, active ability to live, successful implementation of personal and professional plans are impossible without such activities. Low valeological competence of parents, school teachers, tutors and teachers of higher schools is revealed as the main reason of an absence of students’ organisation skills of a healthy way of life, and upkeeping the state of health. Practical significance. Research materials justify that the system of mass physical training requires conceptual reforming; it is required to include reconsideration of a place and role of the so-named discipline in the higher school Цель статьи – показать назревшую необходимость формирования у студентов вузов, чьи специальности не связаны со спортом, стойкой мотивации занятиями физкультурой и навыков здорового образа жизни. Методы. Для выяснения, какое место занимает здоровье в системе ценностей современных студентов и каковы могут быть основные мотивы здорового образа жизни студенческой молодежи, авторами было проведено социологическое исследование, в ходе которого использовались опрос и анкетирование. Для обработки результатов исследования применялся стандартный компьютерный статистический анализ. Научная новизна и результаты. Дано современное толкование термина «физическая культура». Авторы настаивают и доказывают, что это не просто прикладной аспект образования, помогающий добиться высокого качества здоровья человека и приобрести компетенции в профессиональном спорте, но и наука о способах и технологиях достижения гармонии личностного развития, обеспечивающих успешную подготовку к работе по выбранной специальности. Данные социологического исследования демонстрируют стереотипные представления студентов о физической культуре как способе улучшения работы мышц и увеличении их массы и полное отсутствие понимания, что деятельность мышц отражается на эмоционально-образном мышлении, без которого невозможно успешное усвоение современных научных знаний, активная жизнедеятельность, успешное претворение в жизнь личных и профессиональных планов. Выявлена главная причина недостатка умений и навыков у студентов в организации здорового образа жизни, поддержании в порядке своего самочувствия – низкая валеологическая грамотность родителей, школьных педагогов, воспитателей и преподавателей вузов. Практическая значимость. Материалы исследования в очередной раз подтверждают, что система массовой физической культуры нуждается в концептуальном реформировании, требуется в том числе и пересмотр места и роли одноименной дисциплины в высшей школе

Principles of optical design of the SM beamline at the CLS

Abstract. The spectromicroscopy beamline (SM) at the Canadian Light Source (CLS) will provide 100 -2000 eV photons in a high brightness, high flux, medium resolution and small spot size beam. The beamline consists of an advanced elliptically polarized undulator (EPU) source and a novel entrance slit-less plane grating monochromator which feeds two branch lines, one optimized for scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM), the other for X-ray photoemission electron microscopy (X-PEEM). This article outlines the beamline design strategy, and discusses the design optimization relative to the requirements for state-of-the-art STXM and X-PEEM. DESIGN OBJECTIVES AND CONSTRAINTS Development of third generation SR sources, enhanced quality soft x-ray optics, and advances in beamline design have lead to the construction of several successful spectromicroscopy (SM) facilities around the world [1]. The SM facility at the Canadian Light Source (CLS), a dedicated soft x-ray beamline and associated scanning transmission x-ray microscope (STXM) and x-ray photoemission electron microscope (X-PEEM), will begin operation in 2004. Here we describe the design principles and solutions adopted to optimize the beamline for these two microscopies. There is a substantial difference in image formation for these two techniques. In STXM, the source is demagnified by a Fresnel zone plate (FZP) and the ultimate spatial resolution is defined by the outmost zone width, or ~30nm at current stage of FZP fabrication [2]. To keep such ultimate spot size, the phase accepted by FZP needs to be limited to a single diffraction mode or λ (wavelength of incoming radiation) [3]. As this phase space is much smaller than the emittance of existed SR sources, reduced horizontal phase acceptance can be traded for energy resolving power and overall simplicity. Following the design of the X1A spectromicroscopy beamline at the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS), the horizontal dispersing spherical grating monochromator has proved to be a successful choice for several STXM [3][4][5]. In PEEM, the image is formed by magnified projection of low energy photoelectrons with electrostatic or magnetic electron lenses and recorded with a CCD camera. The dominant chromatic aberrations reduce spatial resolution for most PEEM to ~50 nm in the soft x-ray regime. When this spatial resolution is matched to a megapixel high sensitivity CCD the field of view is of order 30-50 µm. Such moderate spot size can be obtained without any phase (source emittance) loss. The figure of merit analysis of different optical schemes was performed by Weiss et al [6] who concluded that a collimated plane grating monochromator is the optimal choice and further, that it allows further beam size reduction if needed . To find the optical scheme which best suits both experiments we compared two design concepts, namely a horizontally dispersed spherical grating monochromator (HD-SGM) and a collimated plane grating monochromator with vertical dispersion (PGM) with primary design goal for highest possible on-sample flux in each microscope, with a resolving power exceeding 3000 and covering the energy range 250-2000eV. The results of the comparison follow by a brief presentation of the optical properties of the PGM-based beamline, which was chosen as a best compromise. The ID10 sector was allocated for the CLS-SM facility, which limits the total length of the beamline to 37m. The lattice parameters (β x =8.5m, β y =4.6m, η x =0.15m, for ε x =18nmrad and assuming 0.2% coupling as projected for 2008 operation) result in electron beam size (FWHM) ∆x=990µ and ∆y=30µ [7]. Chiral molecules, magnetic ordering, sample texture and film orientation are among the scientific topics to be studied so full polarization contro

Electromagnetic Biostimulation of Living Cultures for Biotechnology, Biofuel and Bioenergy Applications

The surge of interest in bioenergy has been marked with increasing efforts in research and development to identify new sources of biomass and to incorporate cutting-edge biotechnology to improve efficiency and increase yields. It is evident that various microorganisms will play an integral role in the development of this newly emerging industry, such as yeast for ethanol and Escherichia coli for fine chemical fermentation. However, it appears that microalgae have become the most promising prospect for biomass production due to their ability to grow fast, produce large quantities of lipids, carbohydrates and proteins, thrive in poor quality waters, sequester and recycle carbon dioxide from industrial flue gases and remove pollutants from industrial, agricultural and municipal wastewaters. In an attempt to better understand and manipulate microorganisms for optimum production capacity, many researchers have investigated alternative methods for stimulating their growth and metabolic behavior. One such novel approach is the use of electromagnetic fields for the stimulation of growth and metabolic cascades and controlling biochemical pathways. An effort has been made in this review to consolidate the information on the current status of biostimulation research to enhance microbial growth and metabolism using electromagnetic fields. It summarizes information on the biostimulatory effects on growth and other biological processes to obtain insight regarding factors and dosages that lead to the stimulation and also what kind of processes have been reportedly affected. Diverse mechanistic theories and explanations for biological effects of electromagnetic fields on intra and extracellular environment have been discussed. The foundations of biophysical interactions such as bioelectromagnetic and biophotonic communication and organization within living systems are expounded with special consideration for spatiotemporal aspects of electromagnetic topology, leading to the potential of multipolar electromagnetic systems. The future direction for the use of biostimulation using bioelectromagnetic, biophotonic and electrochemical methods have been proposed for biotechnology industries in general with emphasis on an holistic biofuel system encompassing production of algal biomass, its processing and conversion to biofuel

Варианты полиморфных изменений генов р53, XRCC1 и XPD у детей с острым лимфобластным лейкозом

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Isolation and purification of Cu-free methanobactin from Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The isolation of highly pure copper-free methanobactin is a prerequisite for the investigation of the biogeochemical functions of this chalkophore molecule produced by methane oxidizing bacteria. Here, we report a purification method for methanobactin from <it>Methylosinus trichosporium </it>OB3b cultures based on reversed-phase HPLC fractionation used in combination with a previously reported resin extraction. HPLC eluent fractions of the resin extracted product were collected and characterized with UV-vis, FT-IR, and C-1s NEXAFS spectroscopy, as well as with elemental analysis and ESI-MS.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The results showed that numerous compounds other than methanobactin were present in the isolate obtained with resin extraction. Molar C/N ratios, mass spectrometry measurements, and UV-vis spectra indicated that methanobactin was only present in one of the HPLC fractions. On a mass basis, methanobactin carbon contributed only 32% to the total organic carbon isolated with resin extraction. Our spectroscopic results implied that besides methanobactin, the organic compounds in the resin extract comprised breakdown products of methanobactin as well as polysaccharide-like substances.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our results demonstrate that a purification step is indispensable in addition to resin extraction in order to obtain pure methanobactin. The proposed HPLC purification procedure is suitable for semi-preparative work and provides copper-free methanobactin.</p

PHYSICAL CULTURE AND ITS ROLE IN TRAINING THE STUDENTS OF NON-SPORTS HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS

The aim of the investigation is to show long-felt need of formation of proof motivation to physical culture and skills of a healthy way of life among university students, whose specialties are not connected with the sports. Methods. The methods involve survey and questionnaire as a part of sociological research (such methods were used to find out what place occupies health in the system of modern students’ values, and what are be the basic motives of a healthy way of life of student’s youth). The standard computer statistical analysis was applied to processing of research results. Scientific novelty and results. Modern interpretation of the term «physical training» is given. Authors of the present study maintain and prove the fact that not only simply applied aspect of the formation, helping to achieve quality health of the person and to get the competence of professional sports, but also a science concerning the ways and technologies of achievement of harmony of the personal development, provide successful preparation for work on the chosen specialty. Data of sociological research shows stereotypic representations of students on physical training as a way of improvement of muscles work and increase its weight. The research show total imperception of the fact that muscles activity is reflected in emotionally-shaped thinking; successful mastering of modern scientific knowledge, active ability to live, successful implementation of personal and professional plans are impossible without such activities. Low valeological competence of parents, school teachers, tutors and teachers of higher schools is revealed as the main reason of an absence of students’ organisation skills of a healthy way of life, and upkeeping the state of health. Practical significance. Research materials justify that the system of mass physical training requires conceptual reforming; it is required to include reconsideration of a place and role of the so-named discipline in the higher school