La Metafísica idealista en los relatos de Jorge Luis Borges

Consultable des del TDXTítol obtingut de la portada digitalitzadaUno de los objetivos fundamentales de esta tesis es el de investigar las diferentes fuentes filosóficas y místicas presentes en la obra de Borges (sobre todo Heráclito, Platón, Plotino, Berkeley, Hume, Schopenhauer y, a través de él, el hinduismo y el budismo, Nietsche, la cábala etc.) y, paralelamente, observar de qué manera el autor efectúa su dramatización literaria de diferentes conceptos procedentes de estos sistemas filosóficos. A continuación se efectúa una mirada sintética hacia el conjunto de las fuentes filosóficas, la ual lleva a la conclusión de que prevalecen las vertientes idealistas por encima de las materialistas y objetivistas. Ello, sin embargo, no significa que a Borges se puede llamar «idealista. El idealismo que sin duda ejerce una poderosa atracción estética sobre Borges, sin embargo, no es para él más que una etapa mental en su itinerario especulativo, que le sirve para superar el materialismo pero que, posteriormente, también se ve superada por un creciente nihilismo y escepticismo.One of the major objectives of this thesis is the investigation of a variety of the philosophical and mystical sources detectable in Borges (above all : Heraclitus, Plato, Plotinus, Berkeley, Hume, Schopenhauer and, through the latter, the Hinduism and the Buddhism, Nietsche, the Kabbalah and others) parallel to the observation and description of the way the writer carries out his extraordinary literary transformation and dramatization of the concepts deriving from these philosophical systems. Consequently, the attention is focused on the totality of the metaphysical sources, which guides to the conclusion that the idealistic currents predominate clearly over the materialistic and the objectivist ones. However, this does not mean that it is legitimate to call Borges an idealist. The idealism undoubtedly does exercise a powerful aesthetic attraction on the writer, yet, it is but a «mental stage» in his speculative itinerary, thanks to which he overcomes the materialism but which, on his own turn, is overcome by nihilism and skeptisism being at a constant growth throughout Borges' literary career

Progressive hearing loss in mice carrying a mutation in Usp53

UNLABELLED: Disordered protein ubiquitination has been linked to neurodegenerative disease, yet its role in inner ear homeostasis and hearing loss is essentially unknown. Here we show that progressive hearing loss in the ethylnitrosourea-generated mambo mouse line is caused by a mutation in Usp53, a member of the deubiquitinating enzyme family. USP53 contains a catalytically inactive ubiquitin-specific protease domain and is expressed in cochlear hair cells and a subset of supporting cells. Although hair cell differentiation is unaffected in mambo mice, outer hair cells degenerate rapidly after the first postnatal week. USP53 colocalizes and interacts with the tight junction scaffolding proteins TJP1 and TJP2 in polarized epithelial cells, suggesting that USP53 is part of the tight junction complex. The barrier properties of tight junctions of the stria vascularis appeared intact in a biotin tracer assay, but the endocochlear potential is reduced in adult mambo mice. Hair cell degeneration in mambo mice precedes endocochlear potential decline and is rescued in cochlear organotypic cultures in low potassium milieu, indicating that hair cell loss is triggered by extracellular factors. Remarkably, heterozygous mambo mice show increased susceptibility to noise injury at high frequencies. We conclude that USP53 is a novel tight junction-associated protein that is essential for the survival of auditory hair cells and normal hearing in mice, possibly by modulating the barrier properties and mechanical stability of tight junctions. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Hereditary hearing loss is extremely prevalent in the human population, but many genes linked to hearing loss remain to be discovered. Forward genetics screens in mice have facilitated the identification of genes involved in sensory perception and provided valuable animal models for hearing loss in humans. This involves introducing random mutations in mice, screening the mice for hearing defects, and mapping the causative mutation. Here, we have identified a mutation in the Usp53 gene that causes progressive hearing loss in the mambo mouse line. We demonstrate that USP53 is a catalytically inactive deubiquitinating enzyme and a novel component of tight junctions that is necessary for sensory hair cell survival and inner ear homeostasis

Predicting Silent Atrial Fibrillation in the Elderly: A Report from the NOMED-AF Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Silent atrial fibrillation (SAF) is common and is associated with poor outcomes. Aims: to study the risk factors for AF and SAF in the elderly (≥65 years) general population and to develop a risk stratification model for predicting SAF. Methods: Continuous ECG monitoring was performed for up to 30 days using a vest-based system in a cohort from NOMED-AF, a cross-sectional study based on a nationwide population sample. The independent risk factors for AF and SAF were determined using multiple logistic regression. ROC analysis was applied to validate the developed risk stratification score. Results: From the total cohort of 3014 subjects, AF was diagnosed in 680 individuals (mean age, 77.5 ± 7.9; 50.1% men) with AF, and, of these, 41% had SAF. Independent associations with an increased risk of AF were age, male gender, coronary heart disease, thyroid diseases, prior ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (ICS/TIA), diabetes, heart failure, chronic kidney disease (CKD), obesity, and NT-proBNP >125 ng/mL. The risk factors for SAF were age, male gender, ICS/TIA, diabetes, heart failure, CKD, and NT-proBNP >125 ng/mL. We developed a clinical risk scale (MR-DASH score) that achieved a good level of prediction in the derivation cohort (AUC 0.726) and the validation cohort (AUC 0.730). Conclusions: SAF is associated with various clinical risk factors in a population sample of individuals ≥65 years. Stratifying individuals from the general population according to their risk for SAF may be possible using the MR-DASH score, facilitating targeted screening programs of individuals with a high risk of SAF

La refutación del sujeto y de la causalidad en los relatos de J. L. Borges

12 páginasEs un hecho harto conocido que Borges ha echado mano de diversas ideas filosóficas al crear el mundo literario de sus cuentos fantásticos y filosóficos. La mayoría de los filósofos que han llamado su atención pertenece a diferentes corrientes de lo que podríamos denominar genéricamente como filosofía y misticismo idealistas (Heráclito, Platón, Plotino, Berkeley, Hume, Schopenhauer, el gnosticismo cristiano, la cábala, etc.). El enfoque comparativo de este artículo se centra básicamente en la influencia del pensamiento de David Hume y, particularmente, en su idea del rechazo de conceptos tales como la sustancia, el sujeto y la causalidad. Todos ellos resultan claramente detectables dentro de la construcción del mundo literario de Borges.It is well known that Borges made use of a number of philosophical ideas, while creating the literary universe of his fantastic and philosophical short stories. Most of the philosophers and thinkers who attracted his attention belonged to different currents of what might be generically denominated as the ide- alistic philosophy and mysticism (Heraclites, Plato, Plotinus, Berkeley, Hume, Schopenhauer, the Christian gnosis, the Kabala, etc.). The comparative approach of this article is mainly focussed on the influence of the thought of David Hume, and, particularly, his idea of the rejection of such concepts as substance, subject and causality. All of them are clearly detectable in the construction of the Borges’ literary world

El concepto del solipsismo en la escritura postmoderna de Borges

En este artículo se trata de examinar la reelaboración literaria de algunas ideas filosóficas llevada a cabo por Jorge Luis Borges en sus relatos fantásticos. El objetivo de este análisis interdisciplinario es evaluar el carácter precursor de esta particular actualización literaria en relación con la visión ontológica y el discurso narrativo de la llamada postmodernidad. El examen comparativo, en el cual se yuxtaponen algunas citas relevantes de la obra de George Berkeley, considerado por Borges el filósofo más importante de la vertiente idealista, con las citas procedentes de varios relatos del escritor argentino, demuestra el indudable parentesco metafísico entre ambos autores, a pesar de la innegable diferencia metodológica, que se debe al hecho de que uno sea filósofo y otro literato. Además, la predilección borgesiana por tales conceptos como el inmaterialismo o el subjetivismo, especialmente en su forma extrema llamada por Berkeley solipsismo, llevan a la conclusión de que la actualización artística de la filosofía idealista y subjetivista del filósofo irlandés llevada a cabo por Borges es uno de los aspectos de su escritura que le conceden el carácter precursor en relación con el arte y pensamiento postmodernos.The purpose of this article is to examine Borges’ re-elaboration of some philosophical ideas in his short stories. It is also intended to evaluate the possible precursor character of this particular literary actualization in connection with the ontological vision and the literary discourse of postmodernity. This interdisciplinary analysis, in which relevant quotes from George Berkeley, considered by Borges as the most important idealistic philosopher, are juxtaposed with those proceeding from some Borges’ short stories, demonstrate an evident metaphysical connection between both authors, in spite of the methodological difference due to the fact that the first one of them is a philosopher and the second one a writer. Moreover, Borges’ predilection for such concepts as immaterialism or subjectivism, especially in its extreme form called by the Irish philosopher solipsism, seem to indicate that the artistic actualization of Berkeley’s idealistic and subjectivist philosophy carried out by Borges is one of the aspects of the latter one’s writing due to which his literary work can be considered as precursor of the postmodern art and thought

La refutación del sujeto y de la causalidad en los relatos de J. L. Borges

It is well known that Borges made use of a number of philosophical ideas, while creating the literary universe of his fantastic and philosophical short stories. Most of the philosophers and thinkers who attracted his attention belonged to different currents of what might be generically denominated as the idealistic philosophy and mysticism (Heraclites, Plato, Plotinus, Berkeley, Hume, Schopenhauer, the Christian gnosis, the Kabala, etc.). The comparative approach of this article is mainly focussed on the influence of the thought of David Hume, and, particularly, his idea of the rejection of such concepts as substance, subject and causality. All of them are clearly detectable in the construction of the Borges’ literary world.Es un hecho harto conocido que Borges ha echado mano de diversas ideas filosóficas al crear el mundo literario de sus cuentos fantásticos y filosóficos. La mayoría de los filósofos que han llamado su atención pertenece a diferentes corrientes de lo que podríamos denominar genéricamente como filosofía y misticismo idealistas (Heráclito, Platón, Plotino, Berkeley, Hume, Schopenhauer, el gnosticismo cristiano, la cábala, etc.). El enfoque comparativo de este artículo se centra básicamente en la influencia del pensamiento de David Hume y, particularmente, en su idea del rechazo de conceptos tales como la sustancia, el sujeto y la causalidad. Todos ellos resultan claramente detectables dentro de la construcción del mundo literario de Borges.Est très connu que Borges ha pris de plusieurs idées philosophiques quand il a crée le monde littéraire de ses récits fantastiques et philosophiques. La plus part des philosophes qui ont appelé son attention appartient a divers courants de ce qu’on peut nominer génériquement ”philosophie e mysticisme idéalistes” (Héraclite, Platon, Plotin, Berkeley, Hume, Shopenhauer, le gnosticisme chrétienne, la supposition, etc.). Le rapproche comparatif de cet article est particulièrement centré sur l’influence du pensée de David Hume et, surtout, son idée du réfuter des tels concepts comme la substance, le sujet e la causalité. On peut tous les détecter facilement dans la construction du monde littéraire de Borges

El espacio metafísico del universo borgiano

The author of the article is carrying out an attempt of a synthetic approach towards the totality of the philosophical sources of Borges” literary universe, which guides him to the conclusion that the idealistic sources prevail over the materialistic and objectivist ones. Nonetheless, this does not mean that Borges may be called an “idealist”. The idealism, which undoubtedly turns out to be aesthetically most attractive to Borges, however, proves to be but a mental stage in his speculative itinerary, used by him to overcome the materialism but, later on, itis overcome on its own by the nihilism and skepticism in crescendo. The inquiry into the possible aesthetic and psychoanalytical criteria of this Borgesian tendency constitutes a supplement to these disquisitions.El autor del artículo dirige una mirada sintética hacia el conjunto de las fuentes filosóficas del universo literario de Borges, la cual le lleva a la conclusión de que prevalecen las vertientes idealistas por encima de las materialistas y objetivistas. Ello, no obstante, no significa que a Borges se le pueda llamar “idealista”. El idealismo, que sin duda ejerce una poderosa atracción estética sobre el autor argentino, sin embargo, no es para él más que una etapa mental en su itinerario especulativo, que le sirve para superar el materialismo pero que, a su vez, también se ve superada por un creciente nihilismo y escepticismo. La indagación sobre el posible criterio estético y psicoanalítico de esta tendencia borgiana constituye un suplemento a estas disquisiciones

La metafísica idealista en los relatos de Jorge Luis Borges

Uno de los objetivos fundamentales de esta tesis es el de investigar las diferentes fuentes filosóficas y místicas presentes en la obra de Borges (sobre todo Heráclito, Platón, Plotino, Berkeley, Hume, Schopenhauer y, a través de él, el hinduismo y el budismo, Nietsche, la cábala etc.) y, paralelamente, observar de qué manera el autor efectúa su dramatización literaria de diferentes conceptos procedentes de estos sistemas filosóficos. A continuación se efectúa una mirada sintética hacia el conjunto de las fuentes filosóficas, la ual lleva a la conclusión de que prevalecen las vertientes idealistas por encima de las materialistas y objetivistas. Ello, sin embargo, no significa que a Borges se puede llamar "idealista. El idealismo que sin duda ejerce una poderosa atracción estética sobre Borges, sin embargo, no es para él más que una etapa mental en su itinerario especulativo, que le sirve para superar el materialismo pero que, posteriormente, también se ve superada por un creciente nihilismo y escepticismo.One of the major objectives of this thesis is the investigation of a variety of the philosophical and mystical sources detectable in Borges (above all : Heraclitus, Plato, Plotinus, Berkeley, Hume, Schopenhauer and, through the latter, the Hinduism and the Buddhism, Nietsche, the Kabbalah and others) parallel to the observation and description of the way the writer carries out his extraordinary literary transformation and dramatization of the concepts deriving from these philosophical systems.Consequently, the attention is focused on the totality of the metaphysical sources, which guides to the conclusion that the idealistic currents predominate clearly over the materialistic and the objectivist ones. However, this does not mean that it is legitimate to call Borges an idealist. The idealism undoubtedly does exercise a powerful aesthetic attraction on the writer, yet, it is but a "mental stage" in his speculative itinerary, thanks to which he overcomes the materialism but which, on his own turn, is overcome by nihilism and skeptisism being at a constant growth throughout Borges' literary career