Legal Philosophy in Constructing the Pancasila Legal System in Indonesia

This research is based on the philosophical conception of Pancasila as the basic norm of law formation. Therefore, it is necessary to reconstruct a legal system that is in accordance with the noble values of a nation. Good law is a law that applies well from society as a long-lasting noble value from the ancestors of the community. This study uses a qualitative description method through the study of literacy in books and other scientific notes. The data analysis technique uses narrative analysis techniques. This research can be guaranteed in accordance with the meaning of the rule of law based on Pancasila, the paradigm of the development of the Indonesian legal state based on Pancasila, requiring the Indonesian legal state which is built on the basic values of divinity, humanity, unity, populist, and social justice.Penelitian ini didasari oleh konsepsi filosofis Pancasila sebagai norma dasar pembentukan hukum. oleh sebab itu, diperlukan rekonstruksi sistem hukum yang sesuai nilai luhur sebuah bangsa. Hukum yang baik adalah hukum berlaku baik dari masyarakat sebagai nilai luhur yang bertahan lama dari leluhur masyarakat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskripsi kualitatif melalui studi literasi buku dan catatan ilmiah lainya. Teknik analisis data menggunakan teknik analisis naratif. Penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan sesuai dengan makna negara hukum berdasarkan Pancasila, Paradigma pembangunan negara hukum Indonesia yang berbasis Pancasila, mensyaratkan negara hukum Indonesia dibangun di atas nilai-nilai dasar ketuhanan, kemanusiaan, persatuan, kerakyatan, dan keadilan sosial

STRATEGI GURU DALAM MENINGKATKAN KARAKTER 6S MELALUI POSTER DAN SLOGAN

The purpose of this study was to describe the strategies used in improving 6S in SD / MI. This journal uses a descriptive approach, observation data collection techniques, and interviews. Meanwhile, the data analysis technique uses an interactive model. Then test the validity of the data using data triangulation. And the strategy used is to use posters, slogans and posters that are displayed in class and outside the classroom. The results of this study are proven by showing a friendly and fully open attitude with good character, the language style starts from the greeting sentence. which is an example applied by the teacher when going into the room to shake hands and pray together. So it can be concluded that the existence of posters and slogans can increase the attitude and attitude of grade III student

SOSIALISASI MEMBANGUN KARAKTER MANDIRI GENERASI MUDA MELALUI PENDIDIKAN BERBASIS KEWIRAUSAHAAN

Community Service Activities (PKM) are based on phenomena that occur in the community related to the low independent character developed by the younger generation through entrepreneurial activities. Therefore, education is very important as a forum for developing the talent and potential of the younger generation to be able to create products that can be produced and sold to consumers. It is hoped that this activity will be able to move the character of the younger generation by approaching education and training on entrepreneurship. The method of implementing this activity is to provide educational outreach and entrepreneurship training through the production of Kremes bananas so that they can be used as income-generating products. This service is carried out for teenagers in the village of Siporas, Pinangsori District, Central Tapanuli Regency. The results of this activity are expected to be able to improve the understanding and independent character of the younger generation in the village of Siporas, Pinangsori District, Central Tapanuli Regency. As well as motivating them that education and entrepreneurship are two things that complement each other in order to create independent characters for the younger generation. Keywords: Independet character, Education,  Enterpreneurshi

SOSIALISASI PENTINGNYA MELANJUTKAN PENDIDIKAN KEPERGURUAN TINGGI PADA REMAJA DI DESA GUNUNG KELAMBU KABUPATEN TAPANULI TENGAH

This Community Service (PKM) activity is carried out with the aim of creating an additional learning platform by providing socialization or explanations and motivation about how important education is today, as well as generating potential in adolescents and about how to motivate them to continue their education in higher education. It is hoped that a good level of education and adequate skills can improve the quality of human resources so that development can run well too. The method of implementing this activity is to provide socialization that contains (motivation) to youth and the community in Gunung Kelambu village, Badiri sub-district, Central Tapanuli Regency. The results of this activity are expected to increase the understanding of parents in the village of Gunung Kelambu, Kec. Badiri Kab. Central Tapanuli that education is very important so that the youth in Gunung Kelambu Village, Kec. Badiri Kab. Middle Tapanuli. continue their studies to university, and can increase the human resources in the village. Keywords: Education, Higher Education, Community Servic

PERDEBATAN PARTAI POLITIK TENTANG SISTEM PRESIDENTIAL THRESHOLD PADA PEMILU PRESIDEN TAHUN 2019 : Suatu Studi Perbedaan Pandangan Partai PDI-Perjuangan dan Partai Gerindra Tentang Presidential Threshold

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh adanya perdebatan anatara Partai PDI-Perjuangan selaku partai simple mayority dari pemerintah yang mengajukan usulan diadakannya ambang batas presidential threshold sebesar 20% kursi parlemen dan 25% suara nasional. Sedangkan Partai Gerinda sebagai simple minority mangajukan usulan ambang batas sebesar 0%. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif, dan menggunakan desain penelitian studi komparatif. Teknik pengumpulan datanya menggunakan observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi. Pengambilan Informan diajukan sesuai dengan subjek permasalahan yang terkandung di dalam penelitian ini yaitu, dari pihak DPP Partai PDI-Perjuangan diwakilkan oleh kader DPP PDI Perjuangan sekaligus ketua TKN wilayah Sulawesi Selatan, yaitu Bapak Ir. Edwrd Tanari, M.Si, sebagai pihak yang pro terhadap PT dan dari pihak DPP Partai Gerindra oleh Bapak Brigjen TNI (Purn) Anwar Ende, S.IP sebagai pihak yang kontra terhadap PT. Selain itu juga informan dari salah satu pakar yaitu Effendi Gazali sekaligus penggugat UU Tentang pengaturan presidential threshold dan politisi senior Dr. Ir. H. Akbar Tanjung sebagai tokoh yang berpengalaman dalam melihat perkembangan pemilu di Indonesia. Adapun teknik analisis data yang digunakan dengan cara reduksi data, pengumpulan data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini bahwa terjadi perbedaan pandangan secara prinsip dan politis tentang diberlakukannya sistem presidential threshold dengan diberlakukannya pemilu serentak, sebab syarat ambang batas yang digunakan adalah hasil pemilu sebelumnya. Kata Kunci : Pemilu, Presidential Threshold, Partai politik, Demokrasi, Pemilu Serentak ABSTRACT This research is motivated by the debate about the application of the presidential threshold threshold system among political party politicians in the Republic of Indonesia Parliament. Concretely, this study examines political party debates in addressing the implementation of the presidential threshol system in the 2019 presidential election. In this debate, the PDI-Perjuangan Party as a simple majority party from the government is followed by the Golkar Party, Hanura Party, Nasdem Party, PKB and PPP as the coalition that proposed a presidential threshold threshold of 20% of parliamentary seats and 25% of national votes. While the Gerinda, Democrats, PKS and PAN parties proposed a threshold of 0%. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method, and uses a comparative study design. The data collection technique uses observation, interviews, documentation. Informants were submitted according to the subject matter contained in this study, namely, from the DPP PDI-Perjuangan Party represented by PDI Perjuangan DPP cadres as well as chairman of the South Sulawesi TKN region, namely Mr. Ir. Edwrd Tanari, M.Sc, as a party that is pro against the PT and from the Gerindra Party DPP by Mr. TNI Brigadier General Retired Anwar Ende, S.IP as the party who contradicted PT. Besides that, he was also an informant from one of the experts, Effendi Gazali, as well as the plaintiff of the Law concerning the regulation of the presidential threshold and senior politician Dr. Ir. H. Akbar Tanjung as a figure who is experienced in seeing the development of elections in Indonesia. The data analysis techniques used by means of data reduction, data collection and conclusion. The results of this study that there are differences in principle and political views about the enactment of the presidential threshold system with the enactment of simultaneous elections, because the threshold requirements used are the results of previous elections. Keywords: Election System, Presidential Threshold, Democracy, Concurrent Election

Distribución actual y potencial de las poblaciones del género Latrodectus (Araneae: Theridiidae) en Ecuador

El género Latrodectus en el Ecuador ha sido poco estudiado en cuanto a las especies existentes y su distribución. Existen especies del género con mordidas de importancia médica, por lo que se pretende determinar que especies del género se encuentran en el país y su distribución. La identificación de las especies fue realizada utilizando caracteres morfológicos y análisis genéticos de las secuencias, extraídas de los especímenes recolectados, del gen mitocondrial citocromo oxidasa I (COI). La distribución de las especies del género Latrodectus fueron realizadas utilizando sistemas de información geográfica y modelamiento de nicho ecológico con el programa MAXENT que genera un modelo de distribución de las especies a partir de variables ambientales y datos de presencia para predecir la distribución potencial de las especies bajo condiciones ambientales actúales y futuras

Análisis de los patrones transgeneracionales y su relación con las manifestaciones de la violencia en las parejas adolescentes. Estudio realizado desde la teoría sistémica, a alumnos de primero, segundo y tercero de bachillerato del Liceo Mediterráneo, durante el año lectivo 2014-2015.

La presente investigación fue realizada con el fin de comprender la relación existente entre los patrones relacionales, conductuales y de estructura heredados a través de las generaciones familiares y la violencia manifestada en la relaciones de parejas adolescentes desde la perspectiva sistémica. De igual manera, establecer si los patrones violentos que se expresan a través de las primeras interacciones dentro del núcleo familiar, se convierten en moldeadores de las futuras interacciones con la pareja. Se realizó un recorrido teórico en los primeros tres capítulos que luego fueron contrastados con el análisis de casos en el último capítulo. En el primer capítulo, se abordaron los conceptos de estructura familiar y patrones transgeneracionales desde el enfoque sistémico, específicamente la definición de familia, estructura familiar y sus componentes a partir de Minuchin, Linares, y Ortiz. Además, se estudiaron las herramientas utilizadas en la investigación, la entrevista semi-estructurada y el genograma con sus componentes, puesto que fueron empleadas para la obtención de datos sobre las familias de los estudiantes. Por último, se efectuó una detallada descripción sobre patrones transgeneracionales, que incluye ejemplos. Mientras que en el capítulo dos, el tema principal fueron las manifestaciones de violencia en los ámbitos social, familiar e individual. Exponiendo en primer lugar la definición de violencia, tomando como referencia principal la Ley contra la violencia a la mujer y a la familia del Ecuador. Por otro lado, se clasificaron y definieron los tipos de violencia, los cuales son: física, sexual y psicológica, además se hizo énfasis en la negligencia, al ser el tipo de violencia que más se presentaba dentro de las familias investigadas. El capítulo tres trató sobre las manifestaciones de violencia en las relaciones amorosas de los adolescentes. Comenzando con la definición de adolescencia, tomada principalmente desde la teoría psicosocial propuesta por Erik Erikson. A partir de esto se exploró la vida amorosa tomando a Fromm como referente y su relación con la violencia desde la perspectiva sistémica. Estos aportes permitieron comprender las principales tareas, crisis y conflictos que atraviesan los seres humanos durante su adolescencia. Por último, en el capítulo cuatro, se elaboró la contrastación teórica donde se abordó la relación entre patrones transgeneracionales y las manifestaciones violentas de las parejas adolescentes estudiadas. La metodología de la investigación consistió en una primera entrevista en la cual se exploró la estructura familiar del participante a través del genograma y sus seis dimensiones de trabajo. Una segunda entrevista en la cual se indagó las relaciones amorosas de los adolescentes e indicadores de violencia a través de un cuestionario. Por último, con todos los datos se realizó el análisis y aporte práctic

A Whole Brain Staining, Embedding, and Clearing Pipeline for Adult Zebrafish to Visualize Cell Proliferation and Morphology in 3-Dimensions

The field of macro-imaging has grown considerably with the appearance of innovative clearing methods and confocal microscopes with lasers capable of penetrating increasing tissue depths. The ability to visualize and model the growth of whole organs as they develop from birth, or with manipulation, disease or injury, provides new ways of thinking about development, tissue-wide signaling, and cell-to-cell interactions. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has ascended from a predominantly developmental model to a leading adult model of tissue regeneration. The unmatched neurogenic and regenerative capacity of the mature central nervous system, in particular, has received much attention, however tools to interrogate the adult brain are sparse. At present there exists no straightforward methods of visualizing changes in the whole adult brain in 3-dimensions (3-D) to examine systemic patterns of cell proliferation or cell populations of interest under physiological, injury, or diseased conditions. The method presented here is the first of its kind to offer an efficient step-by-step pipeline from intraperitoneal injections of the proliferative marker, 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU), to whole brain labeling, to a final embedded and cleared brain sample suitable for 3-D imaging using optical projection tomography (OPT). Moreover, this method allows potential for imaging GFP-reporter lines and cell-specific antibodies in the presence or absence of EdU. The small size of the adult zebrafish brain, the highly consistent degree of EdU labeling, and the use of basic clearing agents, benzyl benzoate, and benzyl alcohol, makes this method highly tractable for most laboratories interested in understanding the vertebrate central nervous system in health and disease. Post-processing of OPT-imaged adult zebrafish brains injected with EdU illustrate that proliferative patterns in EdU can readily be observed and analyzed using IMARIS and/or FIJI/IMAGEJ software. This protocol will be a valuable tool to unlock new ways of understanding systemic patterns in cell proliferation in the healthy and injured brain, brain-wide cellular interactions, stem cell niche development, and changes in brain morphology

Characterization of Sleep in Zebrafish and Insomnia in Hypocretin Receptor Mutants

Sleep is a fundamental biological process conserved across the animal kingdom. The study of how sleep regulatory networks are conserved is needed to better understand sleep across evolution. We present a detailed description of a sleep state in adult zebrafish characterized by reversible periods of immobility, increased arousal threshold, and place preference. Rest deprivation using gentle electrical stimulation is followed by a sleep rebound, indicating homeostatic regulation. In contrast to mammals and similarly to birds, light suppresses sleep in zebrafish, with no evidence for a sleep rebound. We also identify a null mutation in the sole receptor for the wake-promoting neuropeptide hypocretin (orexin) in zebrafish. Fish lacking this receptor demonstrate short and fragmented sleep in the dark, in striking contrast to the excessive sleepiness and cataplexy of narcolepsy in mammals. Consistent with this observation, we find that the hypocretin receptor does not colocalize with known major wake-promoting monoaminergic and cholinergic cell groups in the zebrafish. Instead, it colocalizes with large populations of GABAergic neurons, including a subpopulation of Adra2a-positive GABAergic cells in the anterior hypothalamic area, neurons that could assume a sleep modulatory role. Our study validates the use of zebrafish for the study of sleep and indicates molecular diversity in sleep regulatory networks across vertebrates