Community-Embedded Positive Mental Health Promotion Programs for the General Population:A scoping review protocol

Introduction: Positive mental health promotion (PMHP) is an emerging field within community mental health. Programming and policy efforts devoted to promoting mental health are developing. These efforts are varied in scope and nature, and there is little consensus on evidence-based best practices. Objective: To chart the body of literature on PMHP programming and to document the current PMHP in one Canadian province to provide insight into the types, scope, and nature of the programs currently and historically available to community residents in this province. Inclusion criteria: Peer-reviewed literature relevant to community mental health promotion, and grey literature that contains details of community-based programs accessible to the general population in that community. Methods: A preliminary search strategy in PubMed, EBSCO, and PsycInfo was developed with a librarian and a JBI-trained researcher. Primary studies published in English after 2000 evaluating or documenting PMHPs will be included. Grey literature from an environmental scan of existing local programs will be included. Data to be extracted includes study methodology and methods, program scope, content, materials, evaluation and outcomes

Reversal of murine alcoholic steatohepatitis by pepducin-based functional blockade of interleukin-8 receptors.

OBJECTIVE: Alcoholic steatohepatitis is a life-threatening condition with short-term mortality up to 40%. It features hepatic neutrophil infiltration and blood neutrophilia, and may evolve from ethanol-induced breakdown of the enteric barrier and consequent bacteraemia. Signalling through CXCR1/2 G-protein-coupled-receptors (GPCRs), the interleukin (IL)-8 receptors, is critical for the recruitment and activation of neutrophils. We have developed short lipopeptides (pepducins), which inhibit post-ligand GPCR activation precisely targeting individual GPCRs. DESIGN: Experimental alcoholic liver disease was induced by administering alcohol and a Lieber-DeCarli high-fat diet. CXCR1/2 GPCRs were blocked via pepducins either from onset of the experiment or after disease was fully established. Hepatic inflammatory infiltration, hepatocyte lipid accumulation and overall survival were assessed as primary outcome parameters. Neutrophil activation was assessed by myeloperoxidase activity and liver cell damage by aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase plasma levels. Chemotaxis assays were performed to identify chemoattractant signals derived from alcohol-exposed hepatocytes. RESULTS: Here, we show that experimental alcoholic liver disease is driven by CXCR1/2-dependent activation of neutrophils. CXCR1/2-specific pepducins not only protected mice from liver inflammation, weight loss and mortality associated with experimental alcoholic liver disease, but therapeutic administration cured disease and prevented further mortality in fully established disease. Hepatic neutrophil infiltration and triglyceride accumulation was abrogated by CXCR1/2 blockade. Moreover, CXCL-1 plasma levels were decreased with the pepducin therapy as was the transcription of hepatic IL-1β mRNA. CONCLUSIONS: We propose that high circulating IL-8 in human alcoholic hepatitis may cause pathogenic overzealous neutrophil activation, and therapeutic blockade via pepducins merits clinical study.Wellcome Trust Career Re-entry Fellowship (103077/Z/13/Z) to NCK, Christian Doppler Research Society to HT and European Research Council (FP7/2007- 2013) to AKThis is the final version of the article. It first appeared from the BMJ Group via http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2015-31034

Determination of the thermal diffusivity of pyrotechnic materials

Thermal diffusivity studies have been initiated to better characterize developmental pyrotechnic materials. Thermal diffusivity, along with density and specific heat, can be used to calculate another important thermophysical property, namely, thermal conductivity. A literature search revealed the relatively simple method commonly known as the flash-diffusivity method. This method, with appropriate modification to accent pyrotechnic materials at elevated temperatures, was selected for these studies

Author Correction: A HIF independent oxygen-sensitive pathway for controlling cholesterol synthesis (Nature Communications, (2023), 14, 1, (4816), 10.1038/s41467-023-40541-1)

\ua9 The Author(s) 2024.The original version of this Article contained errors in Figs. 2, 3, and 5. In the original Fig. 2e, the flow cytometry panel on the right (labelled “StD (24 hr) followed by 1% O2 (~16 hr)”), was inadvertently duplicated from the panel on the left (labelled “Concurrent StD and 1% O2 (~24 hr)”). In the original Fig. 3a, the flow cytometry panel on the right (labelled “Roxadustat”), was inadvertently duplicated from the panel on the left (labelled “DMOG”). In the original Fig. 5c, the labels did not properly communicate that both panels come from the same experiment and have the same controls. The following sentence has been added to the end of the legend for Fig. 5c: “The data depicted in the left and right panels originated from the same experiment and as such the control plots are the same in both.” Figures 2, 3, and 5 have been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article. The original version of the Supplementary Information associated with this Article contained an error in Supplementary Fig. 5. In the original Supplementary Fig. 5a, the labels did not properly communicate that all three panels come from the same experiment and have the same control. The following sentence has been added to the end of the legend for Supplementary Fig. 5a: “The data depicted in the three panels originated from the same experiment and as such the control plot is the same in all panels”. The HTML has been updated to include a corrected version of the Supplementary Information

GPR35 promotes glycolysis, proliferation, and oncogenic signaling by engaging with the sodium potassium pump.

The sodium potassium pump (Na/K-ATPase) ensures the electrochemical gradient of a cell through an energy-dependent process that consumes about one-third of regenerated ATP. We report that the G protein-coupled receptor GPR35 interacted with the α chain of Na/K-ATPase and promotes its ion transport and Src signaling activity in a ligand-independent manner. Deletion of Gpr35 increased baseline Ca2+ to maximal levels and reduced Src activation and overall metabolic activity in macrophages and intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). In contrast, a common T108M polymorphism in GPR35 was hypermorphic and had the opposite effects to Gpr35 deletion on Src activation and metabolic activity. The T108M polymorphism is associated with ulcerative colitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis, inflammatory diseases with a high cancer risk. GPR35 promoted homeostatic IEC turnover, whereas Gpr35 deletion or inhibition by a selective pepducin prevented inflammation-associated and spontaneous intestinal tumorigenesis in mice. Thus, GPR35 acts as a central signaling and metabolic pacesetter, which reveals an unexpected role of Na/K-ATPase in macrophage and IEC biology.European Research Council Consolidator Grant n° 648889 to A.K. Scientia Fellowship (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-COFUND) grant agreement n° 609020 to G.S. Addenbrooke’s Charitable Trust (ACT 25/16A) to J.E.E. UniNA and Compagnia Di San Paolo ‘STAR program for young researchers’ fellowship to E.P

Anti-inflammatory effects of hepatocyte growth factor: induction of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) prevents liver failure in various animal models including endotoxin-induced acute liver failure. We were interested to find out whether human HGF exerts anti-inflammatory effects by modulation of cytokine synthesis. Therefore, human HepG2 cells were cultured with increasing concentrations of HGF. HGF dose-dependently upregulated the production of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra). Incubation of HepG2 cells with interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) caused an increase in IL-1Ra levels, while interleukin-6 (IL-6) had no effect on IL-1Ra synthesis. Co-stimulation of HepG2 cells with HGF + IL-1beta resulted in a synergistic effect on IL-1Ra mRNA and protein expression. Stimulation of freshly isolated mouse hepatocytes from male C57 BL/6 mice with HGF increased IL-1Ra mRNA and protein synthesis dose-dependently. A co-stimulation with HGF and IL-1beta had a synergistic effect on IL-1Ra mRNA expression but only a partially additive effect on IL-1Ra protein synthesis. HGF-induced IL-1Ra production was significantly decreased by the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor PD98059. Accordingly, HGF stimulation specifically increased MAPK-dependent signalling pathway (p42/44). In contrast, in preactivated PBMC mRNA expression and protein synthesis of IL-1Ra, interleukin-10 (IL-10) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were unaffected after stimulation with HGF. In conclusion, our data suggest that HGF exerts anti-inflammatory effects by modulating the signal transduction cascade leading to increased expression of IL-1Ra, which might explain the protective and regenerative properties of this cytokine in animal models of liver failure

The stress-buffering role of friendships in young people with childhood threat experiences: a preliminary report

Education and Child Studie

Geodetic reanalysis of annual glaciological mass balances (2001-2011) of Hintereisferner, Austria

This study presents a reanalysis of the glaciologically obtained annual glacier mass balances at Hintereisferner, Ötztal Alps, Austria, for the period 2001-2011. The reanalysis is accomplished through a comparison with geodetically derived mass changes, using annual high-resolution airborne laser scanning (ALS). The grid-based adjustments for the method-inherent differences are discussed along with associated uncertainties and discrepancies of the two methods of mass balance measurements. A statistical comparison of the two datasets shows no significant difference for seven annual, as well as the cumulative, mass changes over the 10-year record. Yet, the statistical view hides significant differences in the mass balance years 2002/03 (glaciological minus geodetic records=+0.92mw.e.), 2005/06 (+0.60mw.e.), and 2006/07 (-0.45mw.e.). We conclude that exceptional meteorological conditions can render the usual glaciological observational network inadequate. Furthermore, we consider that ALS data reliably reproduce the annual mass balance and can be seen as validation or calibration tools for the glaciological method.(VLID)3146447Version of recor

Missing peroxy radical sources within a summertime ponderosa pine forest

Organic peroxy (RO₂) and hydroperoxy (HO₂) radicals are key intermediates in the photochemical processes that generate ozone, secondary organic aerosol and reactive nitrogen reservoirs throughout the troposphere. In regions with ample biogenic hydrocarbons, the richness and complexity of peroxy radical chemistry presents a significant challenge to current-generation models, especially given the scarcity of measurements in such environments. We present peroxy radical observations acquired within a ponderosa pine forest during the summer 2010 Bio-hydro-atmosphere interactions of Energy, Aerosols, Carbon, H₂O, Organics and Nitrogen – Rocky Mountain Organic Carbon Study (BEACHON-ROCS). Total peroxy radical mixing ratios reach as high as 180 pptv (parts per trillion by volume) and are among the highest yet recorded. Using the comprehensive measurement suite to constrain a near-explicit 0-D box model, we investigate the sources, sinks and distribution of peroxy radicals below the forest canopy. The base chemical mechanism underestimates total peroxy radicals by as much as a factor of 3. Since primary reaction partners for peroxy radicals are either measured (NO) or underpredicted (HO₂ and RO₂, i.e., self-reaction), missing sources are the most likely explanation for this result. A close comparison of model output with observations reveals at least two distinct source signatures. The first missing source, characterized by a sharp midday maximum and a strong dependence on solar radiation, is consistent with photolytic production of HO₂. The diel profile of the second missing source peaks in the afternoon and suggests a process that generates RO₂ independently of sun-driven photochemistry, such as ozonolysis of reactive hydrocarbons. The maximum magnitudes of these missing sources (~120 and 50 pptv min⁻¹, respectively) are consistent with previous observations alluding to unexpectedly intense oxidation within forests. We conclude that a similar mechanism may underlie many such observations