The female of Rhigognostis sibirica (Lepidoptera, Plutellidae)

The female of Rhigognostis sibirica Kyrki, 1989, is described. Habitually it is similar to the male. The genitalia are characterized by two signa and a narrow elongated antrum. A key to the identification of female Rhigognostis species on the basis of genitalia is given. R. sibirica is reported as new for the American continent

Distribution of Atherix ibis (Diptera, Athericidae) in Fennoscandia

The Finnish distribution of Atherix ibis (Fabricius) was surveyed by searching for the female cones, or clusters, from the underside of bridges, by kick-net sampling (2 min) in the running water habitats and by newspaper inquires. Additional records were received from our colleagues, as well as from neighbouring countries. A. ibis was found in Finland from ten biogeographical provinces forming a clear northern and eastern distribution. The Fennoscandian distribution acquired a western extension due to recent discoveries in northern Sweden

Population dynamics of an expanding passerine at the distribution margin

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Karvonen, J.; Orell, M.; Rytkönen, S.; Broggi, J.; Belda Perez, EJ. (2012). Population dynamics of an expanding passerine at the distribution margin. Journal of Avian Biology. 43(2):102-108. doi:10.1111/j.1600-048X.2011.05376.x., which has been published in final form at http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-048X.2011.05376.x. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance With Wiley Terms and Conditions for self-archiving [http://olabout.wiley.com/WileyCDA/Section/id-817011.html ]Individuals may be maladapted to novel environments at the species' distribution margin. We investigated population dynamics in a marginal habitat where reproduction has been proven poor. Survival, population growth rate (¿) and its components, breeding and natal dispersal were studied in great tits Parus major breeding at the northern margin of its distribution in northern Finland. We used long term capture-mark-recapture data sets. Study area size and population density were used to explain adult survival rates. The average annual estimates of adult survival rose from 0.371 to 0.388 between the periods of 1971-1984 and 1999-2009. The estimates are slightly lower than estimates of small passerines in Europe. Low local survival rate of fledglings (0.050-0.055) probably reflects intensified emigration from this low quality area. Temporal variation in ¿ was large (0.498-1.856). Despite of low adult survival and recruitment rates, the mean estimates of ¿ (1.008 and 1.033) indicate an overall stability in the population size. Indeed, our results suggest that the immigration has an important role in the population dynamics of northern great tits. Thus the population is demographically and genetically dependent on core habitats which may cause adaptive problems due to intensive gene flow. Given those limitations, options for evolution of local adaptations in northern distribution margins are discussed.Satu Lampila, Mikko Ojanen, Suvi Ponnikas, Kari Koivula and numerous other field workers helped with data collection over the years. Veli-Matti Pakanen and Emma Vatka helped with the manuscript. Financial support for this study was provided by the Research Council for Biosciences and Environment of the Academy of Finland.Karvonen, J.; Orell, M.; Rytkönen, S.; Broggi, J.; Belda Pérez, EJ. (2012). Population dynamics of an expanding passerine at the distribution margin. Journal of Avian Biology. 43(2):102-108. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-048X.2011.05376.xS102108432Bauchau, V., & Van Noordwijk, A. J. (1995). Comparison of survival estimates obtained from three different methods of recapture in the same population of the great tit. Journal of Applied Statistics, 22(5-6), 1031-1038. doi:10.1080/02664769524775Broggi, J., Hohtola, E., Orell, M., & Nilsson, J.-Å. (2005). LOCAL ADAPTATION TO WINTER CONDITIONS IN A PASSERINE SPREADING NORTH: A COMMON-GARDEN APPROACH. Evolution, 59(7), 1600-1603. doi:10.1111/j.0014-3820.2005.tb01810.xClobert, J., Perrins, C. M., McCleery, R. H., & Gosler, A. G. (1988). Survival Rate in the Great Tit Parus major in Relation to Sex, Age, and Immigration Status. The Journal of Animal Ecology, 57(1), 287. doi:10.2307/4779Dhondt, A. A., Adriaensen, F., Matthysen, E., & Kempenaers, B. (1990). Nonadaptive clutch sizes in tits. Nature, 348(6303), 723-725. doi:10.1038/348723a0Dingemanse, N. J., Both, C., van Noordwijk, A. J., Rutten, A. L., & Drent, P. J. (2003). Natal dispersal and personalities in great tits ( Parus major ). Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 270(1516), 741-747. doi:10.1098/rspb.2002.2300Doncaster, C. P., Clobert, J., Doligez, B., Gustafsson, L., & Danchin, E. (1997). Balanced Dispersal Between Spatially Varying Local Populations: An Alternative To The Source‐Sink Model. The American Naturalist, 150(4), 425-445. doi:10.1086/286074Gould, W. R., & Nichols, J. D. (1998). ESTIMATION OF TEMPORAL VARIABILITY OF SURVIVAL IN ANIMAL POPULATIONS. Ecology, 79(7), 2531-2538. doi:10.1890/0012-9658(1998)079[2531:eotvos]2.0.co;2GREENWOOD, P. J., HARVEY, P. H., & PERRINS, C. M. (1978). Inbreeding and dispersal in the great tit. Nature, 271(5640), 52-54. doi:10.1038/271052a0Greño, J. L., Belda, E. J., & Barba, E. (2008). Influence of temperatures during the nestling period on post-fledging survival of great tit Parus major in a Mediterranean habitat. Journal of Avian Biology, 39(1), 41-49. doi:10.1111/j.0908-8857.2008.04120.xHORAK, P., & LEBRETON, J.-D. (2008). Survival of adult Great Tits Parus major in relation to sex and habitat; a comparison of urban and rural populations. Ibis, 140(2), 205-209. doi:10.1111/j.1474-919x.1998.tb04380.xKawecki, T. J. (2008). Adaptation to Marginal Habitats. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, 39(1), 321-342. doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.38.091206.095622Kokko, H. (2006). From Individual Dispersal to Species Ranges: Perspectives for a Changing World. Science, 313(5788), 789-791. doi:10.1126/science.1128566KVIST, L., ARBABI, T., PÄCKERT, M., ORELL, M., & MARTENS, J. (2007). Population differentiation in the marginal populations of the great tit (Paridae: Parus major). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 90(2), 201-210. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2007.00726.xLampila, S., Orell, M., Belda, E., & Koivula, K. (2006). Importance of adult survival, local recruitment and immigration in a declining boreal forest passerine, the willow tit Parus montanus. Oecologia, 148(3), 405-413. doi:10.1007/s00442-006-0386-3Lebreton, J.-D., Burnham, K. P., Clobert, J., & Anderson, D. R. (1992). Modeling Survival and Testing Biological Hypotheses Using Marked Animals: A Unified Approach with Case Studies. Ecological Monographs, 62(1), 67-118. doi:10.2307/2937171Lenormand, T. (2002). Gene flow and the limits to natural selection. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 17(4), 183-189. doi:10.1016/s0169-5347(02)02497-7Matthysen, E., Adriaensen, F., & Dhondt, A. A. (2001). Local recruitment of great and blue tits (Parus major, P. caeruleus) in relation to study plot size and degree of isolation. Ecography, 24(1), 33-42. doi:10.1034/j.1600-0587.2001.240105.xORELL, M. (2008). Population fluctuations and survival of Great Tits Par us major dependent on food supplied by man in winter. Ibis, 131(1), 112-127. doi:10.1111/j.1474-919x.1989.tb02750.xORELL, M., LAHTI, K., & MATERO, J. (2008). High survival rate and site fidelity in the Siberian Tit Parus cinctus, a focal species of the taiga. Ibis, 141(3), 460-468. doi:10.1111/j.1474-919x.1999.tb04415.xPayevsky, V. A. (2006). Mortality rate and population density regulation in the great tit, Parus major L.: A review. Russian Journal of Ecology, 37(3), 180-187. doi:10.1134/s1067413606030064Postma, E., & van Noordwijk, A. J. (2005). Gene flow maintains a large genetic difference in clutch size at a small spatial scale. Nature, 433(7021), 65-68. doi:10.1038/nature03083Pradel, R. (1996). Utilization of Capture-Mark-Recapture for the Study of Recruitment and Population Growth Rate. Biometrics, 52(2), 703. doi:10.2307/2532908Pulliam, H. R. (1988). Sources, Sinks, and Population Regulation. The American Naturalist, 132(5), 652-661. doi:10.1086/284880Rytkonen, S., & Orell, M. (2001). Great tits, Parus major, lay too many eggs: experimental evidence in mid-boreal habitats. Oikos, 93(3), 439-450. doi:10.1034/j.1600-0706.2001.930309.xRytkonen, S., & Krams, I. (2003). Does foraging behaviour explain the poor breeding success of great tits Parus major in northern Europe? Journal of Avian Biology, 34(3), 288-297. doi:10.1034/j.1600-048x.2003.03041.xSasvari, L., & Orell, M. (1992). Breeding Success in a North and a Central European Population of the Great Tit Parus major. Ornis Scandinavica, 23(1), 96. doi:10.2307/3676432Tinbergen, J. M. (2004). Strong evidence for selection for larger brood size in a great tit population. Behavioral Ecology, 15(4), 525-533. doi:10.1093/beheco/arh045Väisänen R. A. Lammi E. Koskimies P 1998 Muuttuva pesimälinnusto Otava, KeuruuVerhulst, S., Perrins, C. M., & Riddington, R. (1997). NATAL DISPERSAL OF GREAT TITS IN A PATCHY ENVIRONMENT. Ecology, 78(3), 864-872. doi:10.1890/0012-9658(1997)078[0864:ndogti]2.0.co;2Visser, M. E., & Verboven, N. (1999). Long-Term Fitness Effects of Fledging Date in Great Tits. Oikos, 85(3), 445. doi:10.2307/3546694White, G. C., & Burnham, K. P. (1999). Program MARK: survival estimation from populations of marked animals. Bird Study, 46(sup1), S120-S139. doi:10.1080/0006365990947723

Sydämentahdistimet - millaisia, keille ja mitä kliinikon tulee huomioida?

Vertaisarvioitu. English summary.Tahdistinlaitteita käytetään sydämen hidaslyöntisyyden, kammioperäisten rytmihäiriöiden ja sydämen vaikean vajaatoiminnan hoidossa. Tahdistin ohjelmoidaan yksilöllisesti, jotta hoito olisi tehokasta ja turvallista. Hidaslyöntisyyden tahdistuksessa tavoitteena on korjata sydämen johtoratavaurion aiheuttama haitta ja palauttaa sydämen normaali sähköinen aktivaatiojärjestys välttäen aiheetonta kammiotahdistusta. Rytmihäiriötahdistin pysäyttää pitkäkestoisen kammiotakykardian tai kammiovärinän. Vajaatoiminnan tahdistinhoidossa pyritään parantamaan vasemman kammion toimintaa optimoimalla vasemman kammion täyttö sekä yhtäaikaistamalla kammioseinämien supistus biventrikulaarisella tahdistuksella. Osassa vajaatoimintatahdistimista on mahdollisuus myös rytmihäiriötahdistinhoitoon. Hisin kimpun tahdistus mahdollistaa fysiologisen kammioiden aktivaation johtoratajärjestelmän kautta ilman oikean kammion tahdistukseen liittyviä haittoja. Johdottomalla tahdistimella ja ihonalaisella rytmihäiriötahdistimella voidaan välttää tahdistinhoitoon liittyviä johto-ongelmia ja infektiokomplikaatioita.Peer reviewe

Kuvaus hyvistä menettelytavoista

Vesipolitiikan puitedirektiivissä vahvistetaan puitteet pinta- ja pohjavesien suojelulle ja asetetaan ympäristöpolitiikan tavoitteet, joihin kuuluvat hyvän kemiallisen ja ekologisen tilan saavuttaminen ja vesien tilan huonontumisen ehkäiseminen. Meristrategiadirektiivissä säädetään merenhoidon suunnittelusta ja hyvän tilan saavuttamisesta. Tämän julkaisun tarkoituksena on toimia ohjeena, hyvien menettelytapojen kuvauksena ja avata haitallisia aineita koskevia säädöksiä. Tavoitteena on yhdenmukaistaa koko maassa mm. haitallisia aineita koskevia lupamenettelyjä, vesien ja merenhoidon suunnittelua, kuormituksen seuranta- ja tarkkailusuunnitelmia sekä vesikemiallisia mittauksia ja analyysien laadunvarmennusta. Julkaisussa annetaan ohjeita mm. haitallisten aineiden kuormitusinventaarioiden laatimista, ympäristönlaatunormien soveltamista sekä tarkkailun ja seurannan järjestämistä varten

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute calculous cholecystitis : a retrospective study assessing risk factors for conversion and complications

Background: The purpose of the study was to identify risk factors for conversion of laparoscopic cholecystectomy and risk factors for postoperative complications in acute calculous cholecystitis. The most common complications arising from cholecystectomy were also to be identified. Methods: A total of 499 consecutive patients, who had undergone emergent cholecystectomy with diagnosis of cholecystitis in Meilahti Hospital in 2013-2014, were identified from the hospital database. Of the identified patients, 400 had acute calculous cholecystitis of which 27 patients with surgery initiated as open cholecystectomy were excluded, resulting in 373 patients for the final analysis. The Clavien-Dindo classification of surgical complications was used. Results: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was initiated in 373 patients of which 84 (22.5%) were converted to open surgery. Multivariate logistic regression identified C-reactive protein (CRP) over 150 mg/l, age over 65 years, diabetes, gangrene of the gallbladder and an abscess as risk factors for conversion. Complications were experienced by 67 (18.0%) patients. Multivariate logistic regression identified age over 65 years, male gender, impaired renal function and conversion as risk factors for complications. Conclusions: Advanced cholecystitis with high CRP, gangrene or an abscess increase the risk of conversion. The risk of postoperative complications is higher after conversion. Early identification and treatment of acute calculous cholecystitis might reduce the number of patients with advanced cholecystitis and thus improve outcomes.Peer reviewe

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