Synthesis of enantiomerically enriched benzimidazole-triazoles: Application as organocatalyst for asymmertric Diels-Alder reaction

93-1014-(Benzimidazolylmethyl)-1,2,3-triazole derivatives 8a-g and 9a-g have been developed using click chemistry protocol in regioselective manner and in high yields. These compounds have geometry to behave as chiral tweezers due to the presence of flexibly bound pi-rich hetero-aryl rings in addition to a chiral center. The synthesized chiral benzimidazole-triazoles have been found to be useful as organocatalysts for the enantioselective Diels-Alder (DA) reaction between anthrone 10 and maleimide detivatives 11a-g. Enantioselectivity levels have been found to be dependent on several factors including nature of substituents in benzimidazole-triazoles 8a-g and 9a-g

Surgical manipulation of the small intestine and its effect on the lung

Background: Surgical manipulation of the intestine results in generation of oxygen free radicals leading to mucosal damage as evidenced by ultrastructural and biochemical changes. It is likely that the gut-derived mediators can bring about damage to distant organs such as the lung. Methods: Surgical manipulation of the gut was performed by opening the abdominal wall and handling the intestine. Lung damage was assessed by histology, markers of oxidative stress, and protein content in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Protection offered by pretreatment with various compounds such as allopurinol, L-arginine, quinacrine, and indomethacin was also studied. Results: Gut manipulation resulted in neutrophil infiltration, oxidative stress, and permeability changes in the lung and these changes were maximum 30 and 60 min following surgical manipulation, which recovered with time and reversed to normal by 24 h. Prior treatment with inhibitors of xanthine oxidase, phospholipase A<SUB>2</SUB>, or cyclooxygenase showed a protective effect against lung damage. Conclusion: This study has shown that laparotomy and intestinal handling result in distant organ (lung) damage which is probably brought about by neutrophil infiltration and oxidative stress on the lung. This is likely mediated by compounds generated in the intestine and transported into the systemic circulation since inhibition of generation of chemical mediators in the intestine offers protection against lung damage

A case report on paraneoplastic encephalitis associated with astrocytoma - An unknown entity

Paraneoplastic encephalitis is a multifocal inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) that is associated with remote neoplasias. The most common malignancy associated with it is bronchial carcinoma, typically small cell carcinoma of lung. It has never been described in association with intracranial neoplasm. We present and discuss the clinical, radiological, and histopathological findings of paraneoplastic encephalitis with intracranial space-occupying lesions (SOLs) in a 55-year-old man. He was thoroughly investigated and biopsy revealed presence of astrocytoma with changes of paraneoplastic encephalitis

A convenient route to benzimidazole fused chiral heterocyclic bases

707-712<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family: " times="" new="" roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"times="" roman";mso-bidi-font-family:="" mangal;mso-ansi-language:en-gb;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:="" hi"="" lang="EN-GB">An efficient synthetic protocol has been developed to obtain new chiral heterocyclic bases pyrrolo-benzimidazoles (DHP-Bz) and thiazolo-benzimidazoles (DHT-Bz). Notable characteristic of both series of the fused heterocycles is the presence of a chiral center. Chiral HPLC separations of the fused heterocycles have been achieved. These molecules possess structural features well-suited to function as chiral organocatalysts after resolution, apart from potential biological activities.</span

Role of direct immunofluorescence in the diagnosis of glomerulonephritis

Background: Immunofluorescence microscopy is a vital tool for the diagnosis of glomerular diseases. This study was carried out to study patterns of glomerulonephritis (GN) and to record the sensitivity of direct immunofluorescence (DIF) in renal lesions. The DIF findings were correlated with clinical and histopathology findings and discrepancies were analyzed. Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional analytical study was conducted during the period July 2011 to July 2013 at a tertiary care Hospital, Department of Pathology. A total of 75 renal biopsies were received for routine and immunofluorescence studies in which histopathology and clinical data were reviewed and analyzed. Results: The sensitivity of DIF was 87.9% and specificity was 70.5%. The maximum number of cases were seen in the age group 41-50 years. The pattern of GN by DIF was minimal change disease (MCD) in 24%, IgA nephropathy in 13%, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in 9% and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis in 8% of the cases. Twelve histopathologically proven cases of GN were negative on DIF. One case of MCD on histopathology was diagnosed as IgM nephropathy based on DIF. Conclusion: Direct immunofluorescence forms an important diagnostic tool in reaching the exact diagnosis in various types of GN presenting with overlapping clinical and histomorphological features