Le jardin communautaire: son impact sur les interactions sociales et sur les liens sociaux entre les participants

Ce travail propose une recherche sur l’impact que peut avoir un jardin communautaire sur l’interaction des personnes y participant. Pour ce faire, une rencontre avec des participants du jardin communautaire de l’association Arbre à palabres a été faite. La question de recherche de ce mémoire est la suivante : « Comment des jardins communautaires peuvent-ils favoriser l’interaction sociale ainsi que des liens sociaux entre des individus dans un milieu urbain aujourd’hui ? » Une première partie proposera un cadre théorique soulevant différentes notions importantes en lien avec la question de recherche et nécessaire à la compréhension du projet. En premier lieu, l’interaction sociale sera définie. Puis, le lien social sera mis en avant en proposant une définition de ce dernier. Son évolution y sera présentée et ce, en passant d’un lien social, à des liens sociaux, en faisant allusions aux sociétés de type mécanique ainsi que celles de type organique. Les différentes appartenances aux groupes et la notion d’individualisation seront définies en continuant par une proposition de quatre types de liens sociaux existants, ainsi que leur possibles apports à une reconnaissance sociale. Par la suite, une définition du groupe et de sa dynamique sera proposée. Les différents types de jardins et leurs histoires seront également étudiés. Une brève explication de la communauté sera faite afin de comprendre en quoi elle se différencie d’un simple groupe. Enfin, une tentative d’explication quant au changement de paradigme de la société sera proposée afin de faire un lien avec l’actualité

Les enjeux de l'accompagnement des travailleurs sociaux en contexte interculturel avec des adolescents

Aujourd’hui, un nombre important de populations d’origine différente cohabitent en Suisse. Les flux migratoires et la gestion des frontières évoluent et permettent à tous de côtoyer d’autres cultures. Le travail social est évidemment concerné par ces évolutions, mais dans quelle mesure ? Le choix de la thématique de ce travail de Bachelor provient de mes expériences personnelles et professionnelles qui m’ont particulièrement touchée et ont résonné en moi. J’ai choisi de développer les enjeux de l’accompagnement en contexte interculturel pour rester la plus neutre possible et ne pas orienter mon travail selon mes principes et mes sensibilités. Tout d’abord, j’ai contextualisé le cadre de ma recherche en présentant la politique d’immigration suisse actuelle selon Étienne Piguet (2013). Il était important pour la suite du travail de connaitre les enjeux politiques susceptibles d’influencer les professionnels. Par la suite, j’ai développé les différents modèles d’accueil des immigrés afin de préciser la terminologie utilisée dans le texte et de poser le cadre du travail social en contexte interculturel. La partie la plus conséquente de cette recherche expose les enjeux liés au travail social et à l’immigration. Plus précisément, il s’agit, dans ce chapitre, de définir l’interculturalité et le contexte d’intervention des professionnels, de présenter les modèles d’intervention selon Claudio Bolzman (2009) et pour finir, de présenter les difficultés de l’intervention interculturelle. Le concept de culturalisme est particulièrement développé

Density and gender segregation effects in the culture of the caridean ornamental red cherry shrimp Neocaridina davidi Bouvier, 1904 (Caridea: Atyidae)

The effect of density on growth, sex ratio, survival, and biochemical composition of the red cherry shrimp, Neocaridina davidi Bouvier, 1904, was studied to determine optimum rearing conditions in this ornamental species. It was tested whether gender segregation affected growth and survival of the species. To test the effect of density (Experiment 1), hatched juvenile shrimp were kept at three different densities: 2.5, 5, and 10 individuals l-1 (D2.5, D5 and D10, respectively). To test the effect of gender segregation (Experiment 2), 30-day juveniles were reared in three conditions: culture with only females, culture with only males, and mixed culture (females: males 1:1) at 5 individuals l-1 density. Experiments lasted 90 days, and shrimp were weighted either every 30 days (Experiment 1) or 15 days (Experiment 2). At day 90, females kept at D2.5 weighted 45% more than females stocked at D10 (P 0.05). Males at D2.5 weighted 29% more than D5 and D10 (P < 0.05). Survival was high and unaffected by treatment. Sexual differentiation did not differ among treatments. Females from D2.5 had the lowest lipid and protein content, which would occur if they had a higher spawning. Males from D2.5 had higher content of proteins, probably due to their larger size. Gender segregation had no effect over growth and survival; females grew up to a larger size than males both in monosex and mixed culture. It was shown that given to their non-aggressive behavior, N. davidi is tolerant to a highdensity condition, which makes it feasible as an ornamental species.Fil: Vázquez, Nicolás Darío. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Delevati Colpo, Karine. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet". Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Instituto de Limnología; ArgentinaFil: Sganga, Daniela Eliana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Lopez, Laura Susana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental; Argentin

Optimized Adaptive Streaming Representations based on System Dynamics

Adaptive streaming addresses the increasing and heterogenous demand of multimedia content over the Internet by offering several encoded versions for each video sequence. Each version (or representation) has a different resolution and bit rate, aimed at a specific set of users, like TV or mobile phone clients. While most existing works on adaptive streaming deal with effective playout-control strategies at the client side, we take in this paper a providers' perspective and propose solutions to improve user satisfaction by optimizing the encoding rates of the video sequences. We formulate an integer linear program that maximizes users' average satisfaction, taking into account the network dynamics, the video content information, and the user population characteristics. The solution of the optimization is a set of encoding parameters that permit to create different streams to robustly satisfy users' requests over time. We simulate multiple adaptive streaming sessions characterized by realistic network connections models, where the proposed solution outperforms commonly used vendor recommendations, in terms of user satisfaction but also in terms of fairness and outage probability. The simulation results further show that video content information as well as network constraints and users' statistics play a crucial role in selecting proper encoding parameters to provide fairness a mong users and to reduce network resource usage. We finally propose a few practical guidelines that can be used to choose the encoding parameters based on the user base characteristics, the network capacity and the type of video content

Using computer microvision to characterize the motions of a microfabricated gyroscope

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1997.Includes bibliographical references (p. 55-56).by Laura Karine Johnson.M.S

Minority adolescents in ethnically diverse schools: perceptions of equal treatment buffer threat effects

Can perceptions of equal treatment buffer the negative effects of threat on the school success of minority students? Focusing on minority adolescents from Turkish and Moroccan heritage in Belgium (M_age = 14.5; N = 735 in 47 ethnically diverse schools), multilevel mediated moderation analyses showed: (1) Perceived discrimination at school predicted lower test performance; (2) Experimentally-manipulated stereotype threat decreased performance (mediated by increased disengagement); (3) Perceived equal treatment at school predicted higher performance (mediated by decreased disengagement); and (4) Personal and peer perceptions of equal treatment buffered negative effects of discrimination and stereotype threat. Thus,(situational) stereotype threat and perceived discrimination at school both undermine minority student success, whereas perceived equal treatment can provide a buffer against such threats

Caries risk assessment in preschool children : a longitudinal study

Orientadores: Antonio Carlos Pereira, Glaucia Maria Bovi AmbrosanoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de PiracicabaResumo: Esta tese, composta por dois estudos, teve como objetivos: a) Identificar os indicadores de risco de cárie dentária utilizando dados coletados no exame inicial e os preditores do incremento da doença após 18 meses de acompanhamento em crianças de 5 anos de idade (Capítulo 1); e b) Determinar a incidência de cárie dentária e avaliar a influência de variáveis socioeconômicas, clínicas e demográficas no tempo para o surgimento da doença em dentes permanentes numa coorte de crianças de 5 anos de idade, após 3 anos de acompanhamento (Capítulo 2). A amostra foi composta por 427 pré-escolares de 22 pré-escolas públicas de Piracicaba, SP, examinados em 2005 (baseline), após 18 meses (2006) e 36 meses (2008) pelo mesmo cirurgião-dentista previamente calibrado, sob luz natural, com espelho e sonda IPC. No exame inicial, o examinador coletou dados sobre variáveis clínicas (cárie dentária, lesão inicial de cárie - LI, gengivite, fluorose, apinhamento e espaçamento) socioeconômicas (renda familiar, número de pessoas na casa, escolaridade dos pais, habitação e posse de automóvel) e de hábitos orais deletérios (uso de chupeta e mamadeira). Após 18 e 36 meses, realizou-se o reexame para verificar a incidência de cárie. No primeiro estudo, para testar a associação entre as variáveis dependentes (experiência de cárie no baseline - ceos e incremento da doença - CPOS) e independentes (gênero, LI, experiência passada de cárie em dentes decíduos, gengivite, fluorose, apinhamento, espaçamento, renda familiar, número de pessoas na casa, escolaridade dos pais, habitação, posse de automóvel, uso de chupeta e mamadeira), uma análise bivariada foi conduzida utilizando-se o teste de Qui-quadrado ou o Exato de Fisher. Análise de regressão logística múltipla foi realizada, estimando os Odds Ratio (OR), os respectivos intervalos de 95% de confiança (IC) e os valores de p. A presença de LI (OR=10,69; IC=4,86-23,50) ou de gengivite (OR=1,54; IC=0,99-2,38), a ausência de espaçamento (OR=3,41; IC=1,39-8,40) ou de fluorose (OR=2,28; IC=1,17-4,44) foram considerados indicadores de risco de cárie no baseline (p<0,05). Os pré-escolares com experiência de cárie em dentes decíduos (OR=4,25; IC=1,95-9,27) ou de famílias com posse de automóvel (OR=2,27; IC=1,06-4,88) tiveram maior chance de desenvolver incremento da doença (p<0,05). Variáveis clínicas foram identificadas como indicadores e preditores de risco de cárie, e dentre as variáveis socioeconómicas avaliadas, somente posse de automóvel permaneceu como preditor de risco. No segundo estudo, utilizou-se o método de Kaplan-Meier para estudar o efeito isolado das variáveis socioeconómicas (renda familiar, número de pessoas na casa, escolaridade dos pais, habitação, posse de automóvel), clínicas (experiência passada de cárie em dentes decíduos, gengivite e fluorose) e demográfica (gênero) na incidência de cárie após 3 anos de acompanhamento. Um modelo de riscos proporcionais de Cox foi realizado para testar a influência das variáveis coletadas no exame inicial no tempo para o surgimento de incremento de CPOD. A análise de sobrevivência mostrou que crianças com experiência passada de cárie em dentes decíduos tiveram maior risco de desenvolver incremento de CPOD. Os resultados desta tese demonstraram que variáveis clínicas puderam identificar os pré-escolares com risco de apresentar ou desenvolver a doença e que a experiência passada de cárie continua sendo o principal e mais forte preditor de riscoAbstract: This thesis, composed of two papers aimed to: a) Identify the risk indicators of dental caries with data collected at initial examination and the predictors of disease increment based on the 18-months-follow-up examination in 5-year-old children (Chapter 1); e b) Determine the incidence of dental caries and evaluate the influence of socioeconomic, clinical and demographic variables on the time for disease to appear in the permanent teeth of a cohort of 5-year-old children after 3 years of follow-up (Chapter 2). The sample was composed by 427 preschool children from 22 public preschools in Piracicaba, SP, examined in 2005 (baseline), after 18 months (2006) and 36 months (2008) by the same calibrated dentist in an outdoor setting, under natural light, using a dental mirror and CPI probe. At initial examination, the dentist collected data on the clinical (dental caries, initial caries lesion - IL, gingivitis, fluorosis, crowding and spacing) and socioeconomic variables (family income, number of people living in the household, parents' educational level, home ownership and car ownership) and about deleterious oral habits (pacifier use and nursing bottle). Reexaminations were performed after 18 and 36 months to verify dental caries incidence. In the first paper, for testing the association between dependent variables (caries experience at baseline - dmfs and caries increment - DMFS) and independent variables (gender, IL, past caries experience in primary teeth, gingivitis, fluorosis, crowding, spacing, family income, number of people living in the household, parents' educational level, home ownership, car ownership, pacifier use and nursing bottle), a bivariate analysis was performed using the Chi-square or Fisher Exact tests. Logistic regression models were adjusted estimating the Odds Ratio (OR), 95% confidence intervals (CI) and p-values. Presence of IL (OR=10.69; CI=4.86-23.50) or gingivitis (OR=1.54; CI=0.99-2.38), absence of spacing (OR=3.41; CI=1.39-8.40) or fluorosis (OR=2.28; CI=1.17-4.44) were risk indicators for caries at baseline (p<0.05). The preschool children with caries experience in primary teeth (OR=4.25; CI=1.95-9.27) or from families with car ownership (OR=2.27; CI=1.06-4.88) were more prone to developing caries increment (p<0.05). Clinical variables were identified as risk indicators and risk predictors of dental caries and among socioeconomic variables tested only car ownership remained as risk predictor. In the second paper, the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis method was used to study the isolated effect of socioeconomic (family income, number of people living in the household, parents' educational level, home ownership and car ownership), clinical (past caries experience in primary teeth, gingivitis and fluorosis) and demographic (gender) variables on caries incidence after 3 years of follow-up. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was built to test the influence of the variables collected at initial examination on time to develop DMFT increment. Survival analysis showed that children with past caries experience in primary teeth would be at greater risk to developing DMFT increment. The results of this thesis demonstrated that clinical variables could identify the preschool children at risk to presented or developing the disease and the past caries experience continue to be the main and strongest risk predictorDoutoradoSaude ColetivaDoutor em Odontologi

The transformation of the solid waste from civil construction from strategic design

This article proposes the development of a product-service system based on the use of waste from civil construction and its application in the construction of furniture. In order to do so, we used as study object the current operation of the waste disposal system and research of different proposals already presented for the use of inputs. The theoretical basis is based on the concepts of sustainability, conscious consumption and strategic design tools. The objective is to identify sustainable methods of product development and systems that foster a culture of consumption of durable, light goods and that encourage sustainable entrepreneurship.O presente artigo propõe o desenvolvimento de um sistema produto-serviço a partir da utilização dos resíduos oriundos da construção civil e sua aplicação na construção de mobiliários. Para isso, utilizou-se como objeto de estudo o funcionamento atual do sistema de descarte desses resíduos e pesquisa de diferentes propostas já apresentadas para o aproveitamento de insumos. A fundamentação teórica baseia-se nos conceitos de sustentabilidade, consumo consciente e ferramentas do design estratégico. Objetiva-se identificar métodos sustentáveis de desenvolvimento de produto e sistemas, que fomentem uma cultura de consumo de bens duráveis, leves e que incentivem o empreendedorismo sustentável

An analysis of scientific literature about the use of central venous catheters in hospitalized adults

Objective: to characterize the scientific production related to the use of central venous catheter for patients hospitalized adults. Method: A literature search with VHL, in databases BDENF, LILACS and SCIELO, using the keywords: central venous catheter and an adult. 11 articles were selected for analysis. Results: The production on the theme is developed mainly for medical journals published in this knowledge area, approaching the incidence of infections and associated factors. Other aspects discussed relate to the indications for use of the CVC, and insertion site complications. With respect to nursing care, to prevent and minimize the amount of infections and maintain the proper functioning of the catheter, highlight hand washing as a measure paramount. Conclusion: The low current scientific production of nursing focusing on this issue points to the need to resume the clinical aspects of daily care for the hospitalized patient