Herausforderungen der empirischen Forschung zu Salafismus: Bestandsaufnahme und kritische Kommentierung der Datenlage

"Salafismus in Deutschland rückt immer stärker in das öffentliche Interesse, Zahlen und Fakten werden zunehmend nachgefragt: Wie viele Salafisten gibt es, wie viele salafistische Gemeinden? Welche Daten liegen dazu tatsächlich vor und wie kommen die Zahlen zustande, die ausgiebig von Medien, Wissenschaft und Politik genutzt werden? Der Report widmet sich diesen Fragen und den politischen, ethischen und methodischen Herausforderungen für Datenerhebungen und Datenverwertung in diesem Feld. Handlungsempfehlungen an Medien, Politik und Wissenschaft schließen den Report ab." (Autorenreferat)"Salafism in Germany is shifting into the public focus more and more. Claims for numbers and hard facts are getting louder: How many salafists live in Germany? How many salafist communities do exist? What kind of data is already available and where are the numbers coming from, which are frequently used by the press, in politics and in science? The report addresses these questions as well as the political, ethnical and methodological challenges of data collection and data analysis in this area. It is concluded by recommendations for the media, science and politics." (author's abstract

Physics and Chemistry of Planet-Forming Disks in Extreme Radiation Environments

Our knowledge about the formation history of planetary systems is obtained by comparing the demographics of proto-planetary disks with the exoplanetary system population. Most of the disks that we have been able to characterize to date are located in nearby low-mass star forming regions. However, it is well known that most stars form in denser environments and therefore, it is questionable that the well studied population of planet forming disks is representative of those in which most exoplanets were assembled. Due to their large distances and high densities, so far it has been impossible to study the physical and chemical properties of proto-planetary disks in massive star-forming regions. We will exploit the unique resolution and sensitivity of JWST/MIRI to explore for the first time the impact of disk evaporation on the disk structure, warm disk chemistry, and dust mineralogy, all of which are important for planet formation models and exoplanet atmosphere composition. The derived physical and chemical properties will be compared to similar data of low-mass star forming regions of JWST GTO programmes

Photography-based taxonomy is inadequate, unnecessary, and potentially harmful for biological sciences

The question whether taxonomic descriptions naming new animal species without type specimen(s) deposited in collections should be accepted for publication by scientific journals and allowed by the Code has already been discussed in Zootaxa (Dubois & Nemésio 2007; Donegan 2008, 2009; Nemésio 2009a–b; Dubois 2009; Gentile & Snell 2009; Minelli 2009; Cianferoni & Bartolozzi 2016; Amorim et al. 2016). This question was again raised in a letter supported by 35 signatories published in the journal Nature (Pape et al. 2016) on 15 September 2016. On 25 September 2016, the following rebuttal (strictly limited to 300 words as per the editorial rules of Nature) was submitted to Nature, which on 18 October 2016 refused to publish it. As we think this problem is a very important one for zoological taxonomy, this text is published here exactly as submitted to Nature, followed by the list of the 493 taxonomists and collection-based researchers who signed it in the short time span from 20 September to 6 October 2016

SBML Level 3: an extensible format for the exchange and reuse of biological models

Systems biology has experienced dramatic growth in the number, size, and complexity of computational models. To reproduce simulation results and reuse models, researchers must exchange unambiguous model descriptions. We review the latest edition of the Systems Biology Markup Language (SBML), a format designed for this purpose. A community of modelers and software authors developed SBML Level 3 over the past decade. Its modular form consists of a core suited to representing reaction-based models and packages that extend the core with features suited to other model types including constraint-based models, reaction-diffusion models, logical network models, and rule-based models. The format leverages two decades of SBML and a rich software ecosystem that transformed how systems biologists build and interact with models. More recently, the rise of multiscale models of whole cells and organs, and new data sources such as single-cell measurements and live imaging, has precipitated new ways of integrating data with models. We provide our perspectives on the challenges presented by these developments and how SBML Level 3 provides the foundation needed to support this evolution

Autoethnography, Phenomenology, and Hermeneutics

When studying a video game’s musical soundtrack, how do we account for the experience of hearing the music while playing the game? Let us pretend for a moment that a recording of Bastion (2011) is not from a game at all, but a clip from perhaps a cartoon series or an animated film.1 We would immediately be struck by the peculiar camera angle. At first, when ‘The Kid’ is lying in bed, what we see could be an establishing shot of some sort (see Figure 10.1). The high-angle long shot captures the isolated mote of land that The Kid finds himself on through a contrast in focus between the bright and colourful ruins and the blurry ground far beneath him. As soon as he gets up and starts running, however, the camera starts tracking him, maintaining the isometric angle (from 0:02 in the clip). While tracking shots of characters are not uncommon in cinema, this particular angle is unusual, as is the rigidity with which the camera follows The Kid. Whereas the rigidity is reminiscent of the iconic tricycle shots from The Shining (1980), the angle is more similar to crane shots in Westerns like High Noon (1952). It would seem easy to argue that the high angle and the camera distance render The Kid diminutive and vulnerable, but David Bordwell and Kristin Thompson warn against interpreting such aspects of cinematography in absolute terms

Autoethnography, Phenomenology, and Hermeneutics

When studying a video game’s musical soundtrack, how do we account for the experience of hearing the music while playing the game? Let us pretend for a moment that a recording of Bastion (2011) is not from a game at all, but a clip from perhaps a cartoon series or an animated film.1 We would immediately be struck by the peculiar camera angle. At first, when ‘The Kid’ is lying in bed, what we see could be an establishing shot of some sort (see Figure 10.1). The high-angle long shot captures the isolated mote of land that The Kid finds himself on through a contrast in focus between the bright and colourful ruins and the blurry ground far beneath him. As soon as he gets up and starts running, however, the camera starts tracking him, maintaining the isometric angle (from 0:02 in the clip). While tracking shots of characters are not uncommon in cinema, this particular angle is unusual, as is the rigidity with which the camera follows The Kid. Whereas the rigidity is reminiscent of the iconic tricycle shots from The Shining (1980), the angle is more similar to crane shots in Westerns like High Noon (1952). It would seem easy to argue that the high angle and the camera distance render The Kid diminutive and vulnerable, but David Bordwell and Kristin Thompson warn against interpreting such aspects of cinematography in absolute terms