Utjecaj negativnih iona na ionsko–akustične solitone i dvojne slojeve u relativističkoj plazmi

Korteweg–de Vries equation for a relativistic plasma consisting of electrons, positive ions and negative ions has been derived using the reductive perturbation method for the study of ion–acoustic solitary waves. Near the critical density of negative ions for which the nonlinearity of Korteweg–de Vries equation vanishes, the modified Korteweg–de Vries equation has been derived. Formation of double layers is analysed from the mixed form of Korteweg–de Vries and modified Korteweg–de Vries equations. Profiles of ion–acoustic solitons and double layers are shown for the plasmas having (H+, Cl−) ions, (H+, O−) ions, (H+, SF− 5 ) ions and (He+, SF− 5 ) ions.Izveli smo Korteweg–de Vriesovu jednadžbu za relativističku plazmu koja se sastoji od elektrona i pozitivnih i negativnih iona, primjenom perturbacijske metode za ionsko–akustičke solitonske valove. Za područje oko kritične gustoće negativnih iona izveli smo modificiranu Korteweg–de Vriesovu jednadžbu. Analizu stvaranja dvojnih slojeva načinili smo miješanom nemodificiranom i modificiranom Korteweg–de Vriesovom jednadžbom. Prikazujemo profile ionsko–akustičkih solitona za plazmu s (H+, Cl−), (H+, O−), (H+, SF− 5 ) i (He+, SF− 5 ) ionima

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Not AvailableIn the present study, we introgressed two genes each governing resistance to major diseases of rice namely, bacterial blight (BB) (xa13 and Xa21) and blast (Pi2 and Pi54) into a popular Basmati cultivar, Pusa Basmati 1509 (PB 1509) through marker assisted backcross breeding (MABB). Through foreground selection, seven plants homozygous for all the four genes were selected from a large population of 1832 BC2F2 plants and subjected to background selection coupled with phenotypic selection for agronomic and grain quality traits of the recurrent parent. BC2F2 selections were further advanced to BC2F4 generation to develop near-isogenic lines (NILs). Six NILs from the BC2F4 families with an RPG recovery ranging from 82.5% to 90.5% were evaluated in multi-location trials for agronomic performance, grain quality traits and disease resistance. The level of resistance to BB and blast diseases in all the selected NILs was similar to that of the donor parent. Three BB races, race 2, 4 and 6, respectively produced on average 1.8, 2.3 and 2.5 cm of lesion length in the NILs as against 15.6, 18.1 and 20.8 cm in PB1509. Further, the NILs recorded a disease score of 1.0 and 1.7 for two blast isolates Mo-nwi-38 and Mo-nwi-kas, respectively, as against the score of 4.0 in PB 1509 for both the isolates. The NILs were similar to PB 1509 for major agronomic and grain quality traits with the advantage of resistance to BB and blast diseases.Not Availabl

Rice transcriptome upon infection with Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae relative to its avirulent T3SS-defective strain exposed modulation of many stress responsive genes

Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is a destructive pathogen that causes bacterial blight disease of rice worldwide. Xoo uses T3SS (type III secretion system) effectors to subvert rice innate immunity. However, the comprehensive knowledge of rice genes involved in T3SS effectors-mediated interaction remains unclear. In this study, the transcriptome profiles of rice infected with a virulent Xoo strain from North-eastern region of India relatives to its avirulent strain (that lacks functional T3SS) were analyzed at early (2-6 hpi) and late (16-24 hpi) hours of infection. Out of total 255 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), during early infection, 62 and 70 genes were upregulated and downregulated, respectively. At late infection, 70 and 53 genes were upregulated and downregulated, respectively. The transcriptomic data identified many differentially expressed resistant genes, transposons, transcription factors, serine/threonine protein kinase, cytochrome P450 and peroxidase genes that are involved in plant defense. Pathway analysis revealed that these DEGs are involved in hormone signaling, plant defense, cellular metabolism, growth and development processes. DEGs associated with plant defense were also validated through quantitative real-time PCR. Our study brings a comprehensive picture of the rice genes that are being differentially expressed during bacterial blight infection. Nevertheless, the DEG-associated pathways would provide sensible targets for developing resistance to bacterial blight.Supplementary informationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-022-03193-4