Pharmaceutical And Biomedical Applications Of Affinity Chromatography: Recent Trends And Developments

Affinity chromatography is a separation technique that has become increasingly important in work with biological samples and pharmaceutical agents. This method is based on the use of a biologically-related agent as a stationary phase to selectively retain analytes or to study biological interactions. This review discusses the basic principles behind affinity chromatography and examines recent developments that have occurred in the use of this method for biomedical and pharmaceutical analysis. Techniques based on traditional affinity supports are discussed, but an emphasis is placed on methods in which affinity columns are used as part of HPLC systems or in combination with other analytical methods. General formats for affinity chromatography that are considered include step elution schemes, weak affinity chromatography, affinity extraction and affinity depletion. Specific separation techniques that are examined include lectin affinity chromatography, boronate affinity chromatography, immunoaffinity chromatography, and immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography. Approaches for the study of biological interactions by affinity chromatography are also presented, such as the measurement of equilibrium constants, rate constants, or competition and displacement effects. In addition, related developments in the use of immobilized enzyme reactors, molecularly imprinted polymers, dye ligands and aptamers are briefly considered

Marketing in tourism

U radu su ukratko objašnjeni osnovni pojmovi marketinga, turizma i marketinga u turizmu. Nadalje objašnjeno je turističko poslovanje, turističko tržište kao i istraživanje turističkog tržišta. Kroz razradu teme pobliže je objašnjeno funkcioniranje marketinga u turizmu, koja mu je smisao te cilj. Kroz rad vidi se da je turizam vrlo važna djelatnost za Hrvatsko gospodarstvo. Na sreću, Hrvatska uz blagu mediteransku klimu koju u ljetnim mjesecima nudi na obali, može ponuditi i mnogobrojne Nacionalne parkove, Parkove prirode te Spomenike zaštićene od strane UNESCO-a koji daju mogućnost cjelogodišnjeg posjeta turista. Za kraj, objašnjeni su neki statističi pokazatelji turizma u RH. Teorijska je analiza pokazala da je marketing važan u turizmu kao i u svakoj drugoj djelatnosti, no u Hrvatskoj je slučaj da se u turistički marketing ne ulažu veliki napori zbog najčešćeg promoviranja Hrvatske od strane turista koji su već bili u posjetu te svoje dojmove djele rodbini i prijateljima. Rezultati analize ukazuju da bi trebalo promijeniti dio koji se odnosi na oslanjanje Hrvatskog gospodarstva na turizam u Hrvatskoj.This work briefly explains the basic terms of marketing, tourism and tourism marketing. Furthermore, it describes the tourism business, tourism market and market research in marketing. Due to further elaboration of the topic, the functioning of marketing in tourism, its meaning and goal are discussed in detail. In addition, this work shows that tourism is an important sector of the Croatian economy. Croatia, fortunately, boastswithits mild Mediterranean climate offered in the summer months at the coast, and numerous national and nature parksas well as protected historical monuments under the patronage of UNESCO. Finally, a few statistical indicators of tourism in the Republic of Croatia are explained. The theoretical analysis has shown that the marketing is important in tourism and in every other branch, but in Croatia no significant efforts are made in tourism marketing because often Croatia is promoted by tourists who have already visited the country and share their impressions with their relatives and friends. The results of the analysis indicate that the part related to the Croatian economy’s relying on the tourism in Croatia would have to be changed

Analysis of micro cooling system based on elastocaloric and electrocaloric effect

Kalorični hladilni sistemi zaradi visokih učinkovitosti in okolju neškodljivih hladilnih sredstev kažejo velik potencial na področju hlajenja. Magistrsko delo obravnava numerično analizo hladilnega sistema za hlajenje elektronskih komponent na osnovi elastokaloričnega in elektrokaloričnega učinka. Razvili smo ustrezen fizikalno-matematični in nadalje numerični model, ki omogoča parametrično analizo in optimiziranje takšnega sistema. Rezultati kažejo, da je takšen miniaturni hladilni sistem sposoben odvesti do 0,3 W/cm^2 toplotne moči in ima lahko hladilno število do 15 pri temperaturni razliki okoli 1 K. S tem smo dokazali potencial in omejitve miniaturnih kaloričnih hladilnih sistemov, ki bi v prihodnosti lahko imeli pomembno vlogo pri hlajenju elektronskih komponent.Cooling systems based on caloric effects show great potential, due to their high efficiencies and the lack of environmentally hazardous substances needed for their operation. In this work a numerical analysis of a cooling system designed for cooling of electronic components based on elastocaloric and electrocaloric effects is performed. A mathematical model and further numerical model, which enables parametric optimization of such a system is developed. The results show that this kind of micro cooling system can have a cooling capacity up to 0,3 W/cm^2 and maximum COP values up to 15 at temperature span of around 1 K. With this, we proved the potentials and the limits of caloric micro cooling systems, which could play an important role in cooling of electronic components in the future

Marketing in tourism

U radu su ukratko objašnjeni osnovni pojmovi marketinga, turizma i marketinga u turizmu. Nadalje objašnjeno je turističko poslovanje, turističko tržište kao i istraživanje turističkog tržišta. Kroz razradu teme pobliže je objašnjeno funkcioniranje marketinga u turizmu, koja mu je smisao te cilj. Kroz rad vidi se da je turizam vrlo važna djelatnost za Hrvatsko gospodarstvo. Na sreću, Hrvatska uz blagu mediteransku klimu koju u ljetnim mjesecima nudi na obali, može ponuditi i mnogobrojne Nacionalne parkove, Parkove prirode te Spomenike zaštićene od strane UNESCO-a koji daju mogućnost cjelogodišnjeg posjeta turista. Za kraj, objašnjeni su neki statističi pokazatelji turizma u RH. Teorijska je analiza pokazala da je marketing važan u turizmu kao i u svakoj drugoj djelatnosti, no u Hrvatskoj je slučaj da se u turistički marketing ne ulažu veliki napori zbog najčešćeg promoviranja Hrvatske od strane turista koji su već bili u posjetu te svoje dojmove djele rodbini i prijateljima. Rezultati analize ukazuju da bi trebalo promijeniti dio koji se odnosi na oslanjanje Hrvatskog gospodarstva na turizam u Hrvatskoj.This work briefly explains the basic terms of marketing, tourism and tourism marketing. Furthermore, it describes the tourism business, tourism market and market research in marketing. Due to further elaboration of the topic, the functioning of marketing in tourism, its meaning and goal are discussed in detail. In addition, this work shows that tourism is an important sector of the Croatian economy. Croatia, fortunately, boastswithits mild Mediterranean climate offered in the summer months at the coast, and numerous national and nature parksas well as protected historical monuments under the patronage of UNESCO. Finally, a few statistical indicators of tourism in the Republic of Croatia are explained. The theoretical analysis has shown that the marketing is important in tourism and in every other branch, but in Croatia no significant efforts are made in tourism marketing because often Croatia is promoted by tourists who have already visited the country and share their impressions with their relatives and friends. The results of the analysis indicate that the part related to the Croatian economy’s relying on the tourism in Croatia would have to be changed

Public Sector Employment in the Republic of Croatia

Veličina ukupnog javnog sektora i njegova usporedba sa različitim zemljama zaista nije precizno mjerljiva iz više razloga koje ste naveli. Razlike u veličini zemalja, strukturi njihovih aktivnosti, uređenju države (bilo da se radi o unitarnim ili saveznim državama), demografskim i geografskim obilježjima, te različite metodologije i definicije javnog i državnog sektora čine takvu usporedbu vrlo kompleksnom. Zbog tih nejasnoća i ograničenja, izravna usporedba među zemljama može služiti kao ilustracija općeg stanja, ali nije čvrsto polazište za donošenje apsolutnih zaključaka. Važno je uzeti u obzir kontekst svake zemlje i dublje analizirati razloge za razlike u veličini njenog javnog sektora. Osim toga, važno je razumjeti da veličina javnog sektora može biti samo jedan od mnogih faktora koji utječu na ekonomsku i društvenu dinamiku zemlje. U ovome završnom radu promatran je javni sektor Republike Hrvatske. Na početku rada općenito je objašnjena važnost zaposlenosti za gospodarski rast i razvoj. Definiran je pojam javnog sektor te načini mjerenja veličine javnog sektora. Objašnjen je indeks kao pojam, za što se koristi te njegove vrste. Na nekoliko primjera je objašnjen indeks. Oni nam pokazuju koliko jedinica pojave u jednom razdoblju dolazi na 100 jedinica pojave u drugom razdoblju. Za izračune su korišteni indeksi te formule, a podaci su uglavnom preuzeti sa Državnog zavoda za statistiku (DZS) i sa Ministarstva pravosuđa i uprave.The size of the total public sector and its comparison with different countries is really not precisely measurable for several reasons you mentioned. Differences in the size of the countries, the structure of their activities, the organization of the state (whether they are unitary or federal states), demographic and geographical characteristics, and different methodologies and definitions of the public and state sectors make such a comparison very complex. Because of these ambiguities and limitations, a direct comparison between countries can serve as an illustration of the general situation, but it is not a firm starting point for drawing absolute conclusions. It is important to consider the context of each country and to analyze more deeply the reasons for the differences in the size of its public sector. In addition, it is important to understand that the size of the public sector can be only one of many factors that influence the economic and social dynamics of a country. In this final paper, the public sector of the Republic of Croatia is observed. At the beginning of the paper, the importance of employment for economic growth and development was generally explained. The term public sector is defined and the methods of measuring the size of the public sector are defined. The index as a concept, what it is used for and its types are explained. The index is explained on several examples. They show us how many units of occurrence in one period come to 100 units of occurrence in another period. The indices of this formula were used for the calculations, and the data were mainly taken from the State Statistics Office (DZS) and the Ministry of Justice and Administration