Structural set-up of Southern Sinai and Gulf of Suez areas indicated by geophysical data

This work deals with the evaluation of the structural set-up of the southern part of Sinai Peninsula, Gulf of Suez and western part of Gulf of Suez from magnetic, gravity, and seismic data. The utilised techniques including the Least Squares separation method suggest NW, NE, and E-W trends. The trend analysis shows north 35°-45° west, north 15°-25° east and E-W which may be related to the Gulf of Suez and Red Sea stresses.The Euler deconvolution illustrates that the area is highly affected by these trends. Depths range from 1 km to more than 3 km below sea level and its magnetic susceptibility ranges between 1 to 3 SI units. The 2.5D magnetic modelling and analytical signal techniques confirm the depths to the magnetic sources deduced by the Euler method, whereas the depth to the basement rocks ranges between 0 km to about 3 km indicating that it is subjected to strong tectonic activities. In addition, two seismic sections (EG-31 and MP-70), compiled by the Egyptian General Petroleum Cooperation (EGPC), were interpreted together with a geologic cross section. The studied area may be divided into several major blocks along the Gulf of Suez area. It can be concluded that the sedimentary was affected by basement tectonics as revealed by the two seismic sections

The Behaviour of Lead in Silica-Saturated, Copper Smelting Systems

The equilibrium distribution coefficients of lead between the matte, slag and metallic phases in the silica-saturated, copper smelting system were determined. These experiments were carried out by simultaneously equilibrating the various phases in silica crucibles at 1300℃. The conditions investigated in this study ranged from iron and copper alloy saturation at low oxygen potentials to a sulfur dioxide partial pressure of 0.1 atm and up to a matte grade of 75 wt. % Cu. The lead was found primarily in matte except in the presence of the copper alloy phase. The accumulation of lead in the copper alloy phase was pronounced, particularly at low oxygen potentials. Under conventional smelting conditions, the lead content in slag increased with increasing matte grade. The behaviour of lead was explained by proposing metallic and sulfidic species in matte and oxidic and sulfidic dissolution in slag. In this manner, the activity coefficients of the various species were calculated in their respective phases

On the relative importance of thermal and chemical buoyancy in regular and impact-induced melting in a Mars-like planet

We ran several series of two-dimensional numerical mantle convection simulations representing in idealized form the thermochemical evolution of a Mars-like planet. In order to study the importance of compositional buoyancy of melting mantle, the models were set up in pairs of one including all thermal and compositional contributions to buoyancy and one accounting only for the thermal contributions. In several of the model pairs, single large impacts were introduced as causes of additional strong local anomalies, and their evolution in the framework of the convecting mantle was tracked. The models confirm that the additional buoyancy provided by the depletion of the mantle by regular melting can establish a global stable stratification of the convecting mantle and throttle crust production. Furthermore, the compositional buoyancy is essential in the stabilization and preservation of local compositional anomalies directly beneath the lithosphere and offers a possible explanation for the existence of distinct, long-lived reservoirs in the martian mantle. The detection of such anomalies by geophysical means is probably difficult, however; they are expected to be detected by gravimetry rather than by seismic or heat flow measurements. The results further suggest that the crustal thickness can be locally overestimated by up to ~20 km if impact-induced density anomalies in the mantle are neglected.Comment: 29 pages, 10 figure

Fernán Caballero’s Lessons for Ladies: Female Agency and the Modeling of Proper Womanhood in \u3ci\u3eClemencia\u3c/i\u3e

According to Lou Charnon-Deutsch, the Spanish domestic novel began in earnest with the works of Fernán Caballero (1796–1877), many of which were written as early as the 1830s but were not published until the late 1840s and 1850s (19). Helen Waite Papashvily, one of the pioneering critics of the domestic novel in the United States, defines such novels as tales of “contemporary domestic life, ostensibly sentimental in tone and with few exceptions almost always written by women for women” (xv). As a group, these novels tend to conform to the gender paradigms of their day, although critics such as Elaine Showalter have argued that they often contain veiled, subversive plots that record women’s discontent and their longings for power and revenge. Caballero is one of few women included in nineteenth-century Spain’s canon, but in spite of literary production that would have been considered “unwomanly” by her contemporaries, we must ask whether or not she participates in this type of veiled subversion by offering women possibilities for agency and independence within her work. Does she subtly undermine traditional ideology, or does she simply reproduce gender ideals such as the “angel in the house,” which exalted women as guardians of morality even as it confined them to a life of abnegation and obedience?