João e Maria: realidade socioeconômica no conto tradicional e no reconto contemporâneo

Os contos de fadas são obras clássicas que permanecem vivas ao longo do tempo, seja por meio de versões ―originais‖, adaptações ou releituras. O presente artigo apresenta um estudo do conto clássico João e Maria e da releitura Joãozinho e Maria (2013), adaptação de Cristina Agostinho e Ronaldo Simões Coelho, ilustrações de Walter Lara. Buscar-se-á destacar um diálogo entre as obras e relacionar fatos narrados em contos tradicionais e contemporâneos com a realidade socioeconômica. Nesse sentido, pretende-se destacar o papel dos mediadores de leitura em relação à seleção de obras literárias infantis que privilegiem o segmento étnico e estabeleçam a aproximação das crianças ao imaginário cultural, com histórias ambientadas no cenário brasileiro. Para tanto, será utilizada, como base teórica, sobretudo Histórias que os camponeses contam: o significado de Mamãe Ganso de Robert Darnton (2011) e a obra Conto e Reconto: das fontes à invenção, organizado por Vera Teixeira de Aguiar e Alice Áurea Penteado Martha (2012).Los cuentos de fadas son obras clásicas que permanecen vivas al largo del tiempo, sea por medio de versiones ―originales‖, adaptaciones o relecturas. El presente artículo presenta un estudio del cuento clásico João y Maria y de la relectura Joãozinho e Maria (2013), adaptación de Cristina Agostinho y Ronaldo Simões Coelho, ilustraciones de Walter Lara. Buscar-se-á destacar un diálogo entre las obras y relacionar hechos narrados en cuentos tradicionales y contemporáneos con la realidad socioeconómica. En ese sentido, se pretende destacar el papel de los mediadores de lectura en relación a la selección de obras literarias infantiles que privilegien el segmento étnico y establezcan la aproximación de los niños al imaginario cultural, con historias ambientadas en el escenario brasileño. Para tanto, será utilizada, como base teórica, sobre todo Histórias que os camponeses contam: o significado de Mamãe Ganso de Robert Darnton (2011) e a obra Conto e Reconto: das fontes à invenção de Vera Teixeira de Aguiar e Alice Áurea Penteado Martha (2012)Universidade Federal da Integração Latino Americana (UNILA-PR) e Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE-PR

Which UTI therapies are safe and effective during breastfeeding?

Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SM X) has a high success rate in eradicating bacteriuria for women with urinary tract infection and is compatible with breastfeeding (strength of recommendation: C, based on extrapolation from studies with nonlactating women and disease-oriented outcomes). Quinolones (ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin) are effective and probably compatible with breastfeeding; however, their use has not been recommended by many investigators based on arthropathy in animal studies (SOR: C, based on extrapolation from case series and disease-oriented outcomes). A 7-day course of nitrofurantoin has similar efficacy to TMP/SMX and is compatible with breastfeeding, but it should be avoided in populations at risk for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency (also known as favism, most often found in patients of Mediterranean or African descent) (SOR: C, extrapolation from studies in nonlactating women and disease-oriented outcomes)

La pluralidad humana en tanto conditio per quan de la vida política

A juicio de Tocqueville, la igualdad implica dos tendencias en la democracia; una impulsa directamente a los hombres a la independencia y otra los conduce a la servidumbre, a una igualación que cabe denominar homogeneidad. El artículo tiene por objeto avanzar –desde el pensamiento arendtiano– en el estudio de la homogenización denunciada por Tocqueville. El argumento se divide en dos partes. En la primera, sostiene que la igualdad propiamente política ha colapsado bajo las dinámicas de la homogenización desatada tras el auge de lo social y la consecuente destrucción de la esfera pública denunciados por Arendt. Estamos, en el marco de su teoría, ante la igualdad de los modernos, la cual implica la destrucción de la condición humana de la pluralidad. Luego, en la segunda parte, se explica el vínculo entre la pluralidad, cuya realización está dada por la igualdad, en el primer sentido que le da Tocqueville, y la esfera pública. La tesis plantea que este vínculo es elaborado por Arendt en La condición humana, donde sostiene que la pluralidad es una conditio per qam de la vida política, un rasgo exclusivo del actor político u hombre de acción, la más elevada de las tres condiciones que componen la vita activa.Palabras clave: igualdad, libertad, servidumbre, espacio público, Tocqueville, Arendt.  

Dystopia in focus: Perspective of life between the clouds in A vida no céu: Romance para jovens e outros sonhadores (2015), by José Eduardo Agualusa

Narrativas juvenis contemporâneas atraem muitos leitores, movimentam o mercado editorial e inovam tanto no formato da diagramação quanto no conteúdo literário. Em meio às obras que se destacam, estão as distopias, as quais atraem um número considerável de admiradores e são reconhecidas em premiações de caráter literário. A vida no céu: Romance para jovens e outros sonhadores (2015), de José Eduardo Agualusa, por exemplo, recebeu os Prêmios da ALIJA (Asociación del Libro Infantil y Juvenil de la Argentina) 2016, categoria tradução e da FNLIJ (Fundação Nacional do Livro Infantil e Juvenil) 2016, categoria Literatura Portuguesa. Neste artigo, busca-se analisar a obra supracitada, com intuito de investigar como se constrói a narrativa, bem como características do gênero distopia e o diálogo que a mesma articula prendendo a atenção do leitor e conquistando prêmios de suma importância no mercado editorial. Como referencial teórico, foram utilizadas obras de Russel Jacoby, Antônio Candido, Tzetan Todorov, dentre outras.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Literatura; Distopia; A vida no céu. Contemporary juvenile narratives attract many readers, move the publishing market, and innovate both the format of the diagram and the literary content. Among the works that stand out, there are the dystopias, which attract a considerable number of admirers and are recognized with literary prizes. A vida no céu: Romance para jovens e outros sonhadores (2015), by José Eduardo Agualusa, for example, was awarded the ALIJA (Children's and Juvenile Book Association of Argentina) Prize 2016, in the category of translation, and the FNLIJ (National Foundation of Children’s and Youth Book) 2016, in the category of Portuguese Literature. This paper aims at analyzing the aforementioned work, by investigating how the narrative is constructed, the characteristics of the genre dystopia, and the dialogue articulated by this narrative, capturing the reader’s attention and winning prizes of great importance in the publishing market. As a theoretical framework, works by Russel Jacoby (2001), Antônio Candido (2006), Tzetan Todorov (2009), among others, were used

DRUFS DE EVA FURNARI (2018): COMPOSIÇÕES FAMILIARES NA LITERATURA INFANTIL CONTEMPORÂNEA

RESUMO: Muitas foram as transformações no que diz respeito à vida das famílias no decorrer dos tempos, sendo possível observar que a "atualização" do conceito de família destaca-se na mídia e é amplamente discutido nas redes sociais. Considerando que a sociedade contemporânea vem se reorganizando no que diz respeito às composições familiares, bem como, às transformações na imagem do que se considera família, vale questionar: A Literatura infantil contemporânea contempla diferentes composições familiares? Nesse sentido, o presente artigo busca analisar Drufs de Eva Furnari (2018), obra a qual recebeu prêmio Jabuti de melhor livro infantil e conquistou o Troféu Monteiro Lobato de Literatura Infantil 2017. Cabe, neste estudo, analisar sobre características e tendências que lhe conferiu premiações, além de, problematizar a contribuição da literatura em construir o imaginário do que é família. Para tanto, foram utilizadas, para base teórica, os autores: Rosemberg (1984), Colasanti (2018), Silveira e Kaercher (2013), dentre outros

The Unexpected Effects of Beneficial and Adverse Social Experiences during Adolescence on Anxiety and Aggression and Their Modulation by Genotype

Anxiety and aggression are part of the behavioral repertoire of humans and animals. However, in their exaggerated form both can become maladaptive and result in psychiatric disorders. On the one hand, genetic predisposition has been shown to play a crucial modulatory role in anxiety and aggression. On the other hand, social experiences have been implicated in the modulation of these traits. However, so far, mainly experiences in early life phases have been considered crucial for shaping anxiety-like and aggressive behavior, while the phase of adolescence has largely been neglected. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to elucidate how levels of anxiety-like and aggressive behavior are shaped by social experiences during adolescence and serotonin transporter (5-HTT) genotype. For this purpose, male mice of a 5-HTT knockout mouse model including all three genotypes (wildtype, heterozygous and homozygous 5-HTT knockout mice) were either exposed to an adverse social situation or a beneficial social environment during adolescence. This was accomplished in a custom-made cage system where mice experiencing the adverse environment were repeatedly introduced to the territory of a dominant opponent but had the possibility to escape to a refuge cage. Mice encountering beneficial social conditions had free access to a female mating partner. Afterwards, anxiety-like and aggressive behavior was assessed in a battery of tests. Surprisingly, unfavorable conditions during adolescence led to a decrease in anxiety-like behavior and an increase in exploratory locomotion. Additionally, aggressive behavior was augmented in animals that experienced social adversity. Concerning genotype, homozygous 5-HTT knockout mice were more anxious and less aggressive than heterozygous 5-HTT knockout and wildtype mice. In summary, adolescence is clearly an important phase in which anxiety-like and aggressive behavior can be shaped. Furthermore, it seems that having to cope with challenge during adolescence instead of experiencing throughout beneficial social conditions leads to reduced levels of anxiety-like behavior

Maturidade Visomotora e Funções Executivas em Escolares

A maturidade visomotora e as funções executivas estão intimamente relacionadas no processo de desenvolvimento infantil. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a relação entre habilidades visomotoras e funções executivas em 83 crianças hígidas, de 7 a 10 anos. Os instrumentos utilizados foram Teste Gestáltico Visomotor de Bender - Sistema de Pontuação Gradual (B-GSS), Teste Wisconsin de Classificação de Cartas (WCST), Matrizes Progressivas de Raven (RPM) e Rey- Osterrieth Figura Complexa Test (ROCF). A correlação entre os escores de B-GSS e WCST foi negativa e significativa (r = 0,23, p < 0,033) e variáveis do ROCF, como Cópia Total e Memória Total apresentaram correlação moderada e significativa com o escore total do B-GSS (r = -0,55, p < 0,001; r = -0,44, p < 0,001, respectivamente). Os resultados evidenciam empiricamente a relação entre funções executivas e maturidade visomotora e são discutidos à luz da neuropsicologia do desenvolvimento.La madurez visual-motora y las funciones ejecutivas están estrechamente relacionados en el proceso de desarrollo del niño. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la relación entre habilidades visomotoras y funciones ejecutivas en 83 niños sanos, de 7-10 años. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron Prueba Gestáltica Visomotora de Bender - Sistema de Puntuación Gradual (B-GSS), Prueba Wisconsin de Clasificación de Cartas (WCST), Matrices Progresivas de Raven (RPM) y Prueba Rey- Osterrieth Figura Compleja (ROCF). La correlación entre las puntuaciones B-GSS y WCST fue negativa y significativa (r = 0,23, p < 0,033) y ROCF variables, como Copiar y Memoria Total mostraron correlación moderada y significativa con la puntuación total de la B-GSS (r = -0,55, p < 0,001; r = -0,44, p < 0,001, respectivamente). Los resultados demuestran empíricamente la relación entre las funciones ejecutivas y la madurez visomotora y se discuten a la luz de la neuropsicología del desarrollo.Visual-motor maturity and executive functions are closely related in the child development process. This study aimed to investigate the relation between visual-motor abilities and executive functions in 83 healthy children between 7 and 10 years old. The tools used were the Bender Gestalt Visual-Motor Test - Gradual Scoring System (B-GSS), Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Raven's Progressive Matrices (RPM), and Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure (ROCF). The correlation between the B-GSS and WCST scores was significantly negative (r = -.23, p < .033), while ROCF variables, such as Total Memory and Total Copy, had a moderate, significant correlation with total B-GSS score (r = -.55, p < .001; r = -.44, p < .001, respectively). The results empirically show the relation between executive functions and visual-motor maturity and are discussed in face of developmental neuropsychology

Fan (Fiction) Acting on Media and the Politics of Appropriation

Fanfiction is the creative appropriation and transformation of existing popular media texts by fans who take stories, worlds and/or characters as starting points and create their own stories based on them. As a cultural field of practice, fanfiction questions prevalent concepts of individual authorship and proprietary of cultural goods. At the same time, fanfiction itself is challenged. Through processes of mediatization, fanfiction grew and became increasingly visible. Third parties, ranging from the media industry (e.g., film studios) and copyright holders to journalism and academia, are interested in fanfiction and are following its development. We regard fanfiction communities and fan acting as fields for experimentation and as discursive arenas which can help understand what appropriating, writing and publishing in a digital culture and the future of writing might look like. In this paper, we outline important debates on the legitimacy and nature of fanfiction and present preliminary results of current research within Germany

Hippeastrum reticulatum (Amaryllidaceae) : alkaloid profiling, biological activities and molecular docking

The Amaryllidaceae family has proven to be a rich source of active compounds, which are characterized by unique skeleton arrangements and a broad spectrum of biological activities. The aim of this work was to perform the first detailed study of the alkaloid constituents of Hippeastrum reticulatum (Amaryllidaceae) and to determine the anti-parasitological and cholinesterase (AChE and BuChE) inhibitory activities of the epimers (6 -hydroxymaritidine and 6 -hydroxymaritidine). Twelve alkaloids were identified in H. reticulatum: eight known alkaloids by GC-MS and four unknown (6 -hydroxymaritidine, 6 -hydroxymaritidine, reticulinine and isoreticulinine) by NMR. The epimer mixture (6 -hydroxymaritidine and 6 -hydroxymaritidine) showed low activity against all protozoan parasites tested and weak AChE-inhibitory activity. Finally, a molecular docking analysis of AChE and BuChE proteins showed that isoreticulinine may be classified as a potential inhibitory molecule since it can be stabilized in the active site through hydrogen bonds, - stacking and hydrophobic interactions

Do multiple experimenters improve the reproducibility of animal studies?

The credibility of scientific research has been seriously questioned by the widely claimed "reproducibility crisis". In light of this crisis, there is a growing awareness that the rigorous standardisation of experimental conditions may contribute to poor reproducibility of animal studies. Instead, systematic heterogenisation has been proposed as a tool to enhance reproducibility, but a real-life test across multiple independent laboratories is still pending. The aim of this study was therefore to test whether heterogenisation of experimental conditions by using multiple experimenters improves the reproducibility of research findings compared to standardised conditions with only one experimenter. To this end, we replicated the same animal experiment in 3 independent laboratories, each employing both a heterogenised and a standardised design. Whereas in the standardised design, all animals were tested by a single experimenter; in the heterogenised design, 3 different experimenters were involved in testing the animals. In contrast to our expectation, the inclusion of multiple experimenters in the heterogenised design did not improve the reproducibility of the results across the 3 laboratories. Interestingly, however, a variance component analysis indicated that the variation introduced by the different experimenters was not as high as the variation introduced by the laboratories, probably explaining why this heterogenisation strategy did not bring the anticipated success. Even more interestingly, for the majority of outcome measures, the remaining residual variation was identified as an important source of variance accounting for 41% (CI95 [34%, 49%]) to 72% (CI95 [58%, 88%]) of the observed total variance. Despite some uncertainty surrounding the estimated numbers, these findings argue for systematically including biological variation rather than eliminating it in animal studies and call for future research on effective improvement strategies