Gastric ulcers in 7 8-week-old pigs, fed by various formulae of pelleted feed

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Growth performance and feed conversion of Ruspolia differens on plant‐based by‐product diets

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Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms Modify Cardiometabolic Response to Vitamin D Supplementation in T2DM Patients

There is conflicting evidence on the favorable effects of vitamin D supplementation on metabolic profile in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients and this might be due to genetic variations in vitamin D receptors (VDRs). Thus, we studied the metabolic effects of a 12-month vitamin D supplementation in T2DM patients according to VDR polymorphisms. A total of 204 T2DM subjects received 2000 IU vitamin D3 daily for 12 months. Serum 25(OH)D and metabolic profiles were measured at baseline and after 12 months. VDR polymorphisms (Taq-I, Bsm-I, Apa-I and Fok-I) were identified using TaqMan genotyping assays. Vitamin D supplementation significantly increased HOMA β-cell function (p = 0.003) as well as significantly decreased triglycerides, total and LDL-cholesterol (p < 0.001). The lowest increment in 25(OH)D levels was detected in patients with Fok-I CC genotypes (p < 0.0001). With vitamin D supplementation, Taq-I GG genotype carriers showed significant improvements in triglycerides, LDL- and total cholesterol, insulin, HbA1c and HOMA-IR (p < 0.005, 0.01, < 0.001, < 0.005, 0.03 and 0.01, respectively). Similarly, Bsm-I TT genotype carriers showed significant improvements in triglycerides (p = 0.01), insulin and HOMA-IR (p-values < 0.05). In conclusion, improvements in metabolic profile due to vitamin D supplementation is influenced by VDR polymorphisms, specifically for carriers of Taq-I GG and Bsm-I TT genotypes

A Genome-Wide Association Study of Diabetic Kidney Disease in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes

dentification of sequence variants robustly associated with predisposition to diabetic kidney disease (DKD) has the potential to provide insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms responsible. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of DKD in type 2 diabetes (T2D) using eight complementary dichotomous and quantitative DKD phenotypes: the principal dichotomous analysis involved 5,717 T2D subjects, 3,345 with DKD. Promising association signals were evaluated in up to 26,827 subjects with T2D (12,710 with DKD). A combined T1D+T2D GWAS was performed using complementary data available for subjects with T1D, which, with replication samples, involved up to 40,340 subjects with diabetes (18,582 with DKD). Analysis of specific DKD phenotypes identified a novel signal near GABRR1 (rs9942471, P = 4.5 x 10(-8)) associated with microalbuminuria in European T2D case subjects. However, no replication of this signal was observed in Asian subjects with T2D or in the equivalent T1D analysis. There was only limited support, in this substantially enlarged analysis, for association at previously reported DKD signals, except for those at UMOD and PRKAG2, both associated with estimated glomerular filtration rate. We conclude that, despite challenges in addressing phenotypic heterogeneity, access to increased sample sizes will continue to provide more robust inference regarding risk variant discovery for DKD.Peer reviewe

Performance, carcass quality, and gastric alterations in fattening pigs fed additives containing formic acid either coated with sorbate or mixed with lactic acid

The growth-promoting effects of two dietary acidifiers based on formic acid were studied with 320 fattening pigs from ca 21 kg to ca 105 kg of body weight. The sorbate-coated formic acid contained formic acid and ammonium formate which were absorbed in diatomaceous earth and coated with potassium sorbate. The investigated liquid blend contained formic and lactic acids as the major components. These acidifiers were added to grower and finisher diets at levels of 3, 6, and 12 g kg-1 of feed. The grower and finisher diets in the negative control treatment contained no growth promoters, but the grower diet in the positive control treatment was supplemented with avilamycin (40 mg kg-1). The investigated acidifiers did not influence the performance of growing pigs (P > 0.05). In finishing pigs, all additions of the sorbate-coated formic acid improved daily weight gain compared to the negative control (P 0.05). The frequency of severe gastric alterations tended to be smaller when the diets contained 12 g kg-of the sorbate-coated formic acid (P = 0.07), but the results of the other acidifier treatments did not differ significantly from those in the negative control. In conclusion, both the sorbate-coated formic acid and the blend of formic and lactic acids have a growth-promoting effect in fattening pigs already in small dosages, but they do not influence carcass quality or cause gastric alterations.;Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli selvittää kahden muurahaishappopohjaisenhappovalmisteen tehoa pieninä pitoisuuksina lihasikojen kasvun edistäjänä. Sorbaatilla päällystetty muurahaishappo sisälsi piimaahan imeytettyä muurahaishappoa ja ammoniumformiaattia, joka oli päällystetty kaliumsorbaatilla. Tässä kiinteässä happovalmisteessa oli noin 50 % piimaata, ja sorbiini- ja muurahaishapon suhde oli siinä 5,2:100 100-prosenttisina happoina. Muurahais-maitohapposeos sisälsi pääasiassa muurahais- ja maitohappoa, ja tässä nestemäisessä happovalmisteessa maito- ja muurahaishapon suhde oli 28:prosenttisina happoina. Tutkimuksessa oli 320 lihasikaa, jotka kasvatettiin noin 21 kg painosta noin 105 kg painoon. Molempia happovalmisteita lisättiin lihasikojen alku- ja loppukasvatusrehuihin 3, 6 tai g/kg. Negatiivisena kontrollina oli lisäaineeton ruokinta ja positiivisena kontrollina ruokinta, jossa alkukasvatusrehuun lisättiin avilamysiini-antibioottia 40 mg/kg. Kumpikaan happovalmiste ja avilamysiini eivät vaikuttaneet merkitsevästi sikojen kasvuun, eikä rehuhyötysuhteeseen alkukasvatuksen aikana. Loppukasvatuksessa sikojen kasvu parani, kun sorbaatilla päällystettytyä muurahaishappoa lisättiin rehuun 312 g kg-1. Rehuhyötysuhde parani, kun tätä valmistetta lisättiin 3 tai g kg-Koko kasvatusajan kasvu oli kahdella suurimmalla lisäystasolla parempi kuin negatiivisessa kontrolliryhmässä, ja suurin lisäys paransi rehuhyötysuhdetta. Pienin muurahais-maitohapposeoksen lisäys paransi sikojen kasvua loppukasvatuksessa ja koko kokeen aikana, ja kaikki lisäystasot paransivat rehuhyötysuhdetta negatiiviseen kontrolliryhmään verrattuna. Happovalmisteet eivät vaikuttaneet ruhojen teuraslaatuun. Negatiiviseen kontrolliryhmään verrattuna vakavia mahahaavaan viittaavia muutoksia havaittiin hieman vähemmän, kun rehuun lisättiin 12 g kg-1 sorbaatilla päällystettyä muurahaishappoa. Muissa happolisäysryhmissä havaittujen mahalaukun muutosten määrä ei eronnut negatiivisesta kontrolliryhmästä. Tulosten perusteella kiinteä, kantaja-aineeseen imeytetty ja sorbaatilla päällystetty muurahaishappo ja muurahais-maitohapposeos edistävät lihasikojen kasvua ja parantavat rehuhyötysuhdetta jo pieninä lisäysmäärinä, mutta nämä happovalmisteet eivät vaikuta ruhon teuraslaatuun, eivätkä aiheuta mahahaavaan johtavia muutoksia sian mahalaukussa

Performance, carcass quality, and gastric alterations in fattening pigs fed additives containing formic acid either coated with sorbate or mixed with lactic acid

The growth-promoting effects of two dietary acidifiers based on formic acid were studied with 320 fattening pigs from ca 21 kg to ca 105 kg of body weight. The sorbate-coated formic acid contained formic acid and ammonium formate which were absorbed in diatomaceous earth and coated with potassium sorbate. The investigated liquid blend contained formic and lactic acids as the major components. These acidifiers were added to grower and finisher diets at levels of 3, 6, and 12 g kg-1 of feed. The grower and finisher diets in the negative control treatment contained no growth promoters, but the grower diet in the positive control treatment was supplemented with avilamycin (40 mg kg-1). The investigated acidifiers did not influence the performance of growing pigs (P > 0.05). In finishing pigs, all additions of the sorbate-coated formic acid improved daily weight gain compared to the negative control (P 0.05). The frequency of severe gastric alterations tended to be smaller when the diets contained 12 g kg-of the sorbate-coated formic acid (P = 0.07), but the results of the other acidifier treatments did not differ significantly from those in the negative control. In conclusion, both the sorbate-coated formic acid and the blend of formic and lactic acids have a growth-promoting effect in fattening pigs already in small dosages, but they do not influence carcass quality or cause gastric alterations.

Performance of the house cricket (Acheta domesticus) on by-product diets in small-scale production

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Agile quality requirements management best practices portfolio:a situational method engineering approach

Abstract Management of Quality Requirements (QRs) is determinant for the success of software projects. However, this management is currently under-considered in software projects and in particular, in agile methods. Although agile processes are focused on the functional aspects of the software, some agile practices can be beneficial for the management of QRs. For example, the collaboration and interaction of people can help in the QR elicitation by reducing vagueness of requirements through communication. In this paper, we present the initial findings of our research investigating what industrial practices, from the agile methods, can be used for better management of QRs in agile software development. We use Situational Method Engineering to identify, complement and classify a portfolio of best practices for QR management in agile environments. In this regard, we present the methodological approach that we are applying for the definition of these guidelines and the requirements that will lead us to compile a portfolio of agile QR management best practices. The proposed requirements correspond to the whole software life cycle starting in the elicitation and finalizing in the deployment phases

Effect of moderate forced physical activity on behaviour, lameness and osteochondrosis in growing pigs from two divergent lines selected for feed efficiency

International audienceIn pig farming, physical constraints and genetic selection for high production are risk factors for the development of leg disorders, such as degraded locomotor activity. Interactions between both factors need to be explored. The study was carried out on two replicates of 80 pure-bred Large White growing-finishing pigs from the 8th generation of two divergent lines selected for low and high residual feed intake (LRFI, HRFI). Each replicate included 40 LRFI pigs and 40 HRFI pigs, housed on partly slatted flooring in a room equipped with a sorter allowing access to electronic self-feeders during two replicates. Ear tags determined the side of the room to which the pigs were oriented after the sorter exit and the distance back to the sorter (short: spontaneous activity, long: forced activity (FA)). Lameness was assessed individually weekly using visual gait scoring. At slaughter (weight of 100 kg), postmortem quantification of osteochondrosis (OC) lesions was performed on both the proximal and distal extremities of the humerus and femur. Low RFI pigs showed a lower feed conversion ratio (P < 0.001). They also showed lower individual numbers of sorter crossings per day and a lower proportion of standing pigs, which confirmed their lower physical activity. Forced activity clearly increased the number of sorter crossings/d/pig (P < 0.001), and the magnitude of the effect of FA was clearly lower in LRFI pigs than in HRFI pigs. The occurrence of gait was low (less than 9% of recorded scores). The proportion of scores classified as stiffness was higher for LRFI pigs than in HRFI pigs (P < 0.0001). The average lameness score was also higher for LRFI pigs and lower with FA (P < 0.05). The pigs of the LRFI line showed higher OC scores on both the proximal humerus and femur (P < 0.001) and lower OC scores on the distal humerus with surface evaluation (P < 0.05). The carcasses of LRFI pigs were heavier with a higher lean meat percentage (P < 0.001). Most OC scores were unaffected by FA. Only the OC scores of the distal femur (slice method) were higher with increased activity in LRFI pigs, whereas they were lower in HRFI pigs (P < 0.05). Seric biomarkers of cartilage synthesis and degradation were higher for pigs from the LRFI line, but no correlation could be observed between individual OC scores and cartilage biomarker contents