Theory of mind and related factors in parents of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders

Objective: Impairments constituting the basis of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are explained in terms of theory-of-mind (ToM). Our study aimed to investigate psychiatric disorders and sociodemographic characteristics potentially associated with ToM in the parents of children with ASD in the context of gender variation. Method: The study involved 84 families with a child diagnosed with ASD (mother, father and child with ASD - 252 participants). The Reading the Mind in the Eye Test (RMET) was applied to evaluate parental ToM. Parents were also assessed using a Sociodemographic Information Form, the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). The Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) was applied to assess severity of autism in children. The data obtained were subjected to statistical comparisons. Results:No statistically significant difference was determined between parents’ RMET, BAI, or TAS scores. Mothers’ BDI scores were significantly higher than those of fathers (p=0.009). Higher RMET scores were determined in pa-rents of children with mild ASD and no accompanying disease. Significant negative correlation was determined between children’s CARS scores and parental RMET scores (r=-0.528 p=<0.0001/r=- 0.473 p=<0.0001). Negative correlation was determined between parental TAS and RMET scores (r=-0.303 p=0.005/r=-0.327 p=0.002). Discussion: ToM disturbance in parents increased with severity of ASD in children, although no gender diffe-rence was determined. Further ToM studies involving parents of children with severe ASD are needed

An investigation of the digital game addiction between high school students

The aim of this study was to investigate the digital game addiction levels of the high school students, according to some variables such as sports participation, gender, place of accommodation and level of income.The sample group comprises 931 high school students (508, %54,6 female and 423, %45,4 male) from several villages, districts and Kutahya city center (a town in the west part of Turkey with the population of 325.000). They participated to the study voluntarily. In addition to personal information from prepared by the researcher, the game addiction scale developed by Lemmens et al. (2009) and adapted to Turkish by Irmak and Erdogan (2015) was used as a data gathering tool. It is a five point Likert type scale and has one factor and seven items. In order to evaluate the results the descriptive statistical methods (percentage (%), frequency (f) and t-test, one-way ANOVA) were used.As a result, the significant difference was determined regarding digital game addiction [t (931)=-3,76; p=0,00]  between the students who participate to the sports activities and who do not. So, the non-participant students found more game addicted. According to the gender, male students were determined more addicted than females [t (931)=9,45; p=0,00]. No significant difference was determined in terms of the place where the students lived (p=0,56, p&gt;0,05). Finally, the significant difference was determined in terms of the income levels, [f (931)=3,07; p=0,01] on behalf of  the students who had good income level. They found more addicted

Investigation of the effect of thymoquinone on kidney damage in isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in rats and cardiorenal interactions

This study aimed to determine whether thymoquinone has any protective effects on renal tissue after an isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction (MI). Experimental groups were formed as 4 groups (n=8). Control group (C). Thymoquinone group (THQ), 20 mg/kg single dose intragastric (i.g.) daily for seven days. Isoproterenol group (ISO) was administered 100 mg/kg intraperitoneally in two doses on days 7 and 8 of the experiment. Thymoquinone+Isoproterenol group (THQ+ISO), THQ 20 mg/kg i.g. was administered once a day for seven days. In addition, two doses of ISO 100 mg/kg i.p. were administered on the seventh and eighth days. Kidney tissues were evaluated histopathologically. Kidney tissues were evaluated histopathologically. Tumour necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α) and alpha Smooth Muscle Actin(α-SMA) immunoreactivity density changes were determined by immunohistochemistry. Glutathione(GST), Glutathione S-transferases(GSTs) and Interleukin-6(IL-6) levels were evaluated by ELISA method. Isoproterenol injection caused severe histopathological changes on kidney tissue. Also TNF-α and α-SMA levels were found to be higher in groups where ISO was administered. THQ could be effective on kidney tissue to partially correct these histopathological damages, by decreasing fibrosis and inflammation. This study shows that treatment with THQ is effective in preventing kidney damage caused by ISO-induced MI. We think that THQ as a supplementary food will be effective to prevent kidney damage

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

INVESTIGATION OF CONSTANT SELF CONFIDENCE LEVEL OF HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS WHO PARTICIPATE IN TEAM AND INDIVIDUAL SPORTS

The aim of this study was to examine the sportive self-confidence of high school students who engage in regular sports in terms of various variables. 210 high school students, who were randomly chosen, from Kutahya, voluntarily participated in the study. In the study, to collect data, in addition to a five items questionnaire which was developed by the researchers, “Constant Self Confident Scale”, which was adapted to Turkish by Yıldırım (2013) was used. In the analyses of the data in order to identify significant differences between participants’ constant self-confidence, independent samples t-test and two-way ANOVA was used. As a result, it was found that the participants’ sportive constant self-confidence was higher in women and participants who engage in individual sports. But, these levels were found to be moderate when considering the points that can be taken from the whole scale. Also, there was a significant difference in favor of those who professionally play sports

Orta yaş ve üstü bireylerin rekreasyon taleplerinin belirlenmesi ve rekreatif faaliyetlere katılımını engelleyen faktörlerin çeşitli değişkenlere göre incelenmesi

Rekreasyon taleplerinin yükseltilmesi öncelikle kişilerin rekreatif faaliyetlerine katılımını engelleyen faktörlerin ortadan kaldırılmasına bağlıdır. Rekreasyon talebi, kişilerin boş zaman talepleri doğrultusunda rekreatif faaliyetlerden yapacakları seçimden başlayarak rekreatif faaliyetlerin idareler tarafından planlanması, rekreaktif alanların geliştirilmesine bağlıdır. Kahramanmaraş’ta ikamet eden orta yaş ve üstü bireylerin rekreasyonel taleplerinin belirlenmesi ve rekreatif faaliyetlere katılımlarını engelleyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi, Kahramanmaraş’taki rekreasyon alanlarının geliştirilmesi ve yeni rekreasyon alanlarının yapılması sırasında göz önünde bulundurulması gereken unsurların belirlenmesi bu çalışmanın temel amacıdır.Increasing recreation demands primarily depends on the elimination of factors that prevent people from participating in recreational activities. Recreation demand depends on the planning of recreational activities by the administrations and the development of recreational areas, starting from the selection of recreational activities in line with the leisure demands of the people. The main purpose of this study is to determine the recreational demands of middle-aged and higher individuals residing in Kahramanmaraş and to determine the factors that prevent their participation in recreational activities, to develop the recreation areas in Kahramanmaraş and to determine the factors that should be taken into consideration during the construction of new recreation areas

Implementation of college admission rules

We consider both Nash and strong Nash implementation of various matching rules for college admissions problems. We show that all such rules are supersolutions of the stable rule. Among these rules the “lower bound’ stable rule is implementable in both senses. The “upper bound” Pareto and individually rational rule is strong Nash implementable yet it is not Nash implementable. Two corollaries of interest are the stable rule is the minimal (Nash or strong Nash) implementable solution that is Pareto optimal and individually rational, and the stable rule is the minimal (Nash or strong Nash) implementable extension of any of its subsolutions.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/46115/1/199_2005_Article_BF01213799.pd

Recreational abuse of a prescribed medication by an adolescent with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Methylphenidate (MPH) is one of the most commonly used medical therapeutic options in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We discuss a 14-year-old male adolescent started on MPH in therapeutic doses with a diagnosis of ADHD, who then developed euphoria and rapid tolerance, followed by subsequent abuse of medication. The patient and his family both gave written consent for the publication of this report

Deletion of chromosomal regions 13q21 detected by genetic tests in a boy with special learning disorder: A case report

Specific learning disorder (SLD) is defined as significant and persistent learning difficulties leading to unexpected academic underachievement in terms of the subjects age and cognitive ability, and the level of education provided. SLD has a biological basis determined by genetic and environmental factors. Neurobiological hypotheses have been proposed to account for SLD, and genetic factors have been proved to have a major effect on the etiology. Findings of specific language impairment (SLI), such as speech delay, are frequently seen in early childhood in SLD cases. Recent studies of the etiology of SLI have also focused on genetic causes and have suggested a genetic inheritance. We report the case of a nine-year-old SLD patient with 13q21 deletion, who was a prior diagnosed with language impairment in early childhood. The case is discussed in the light of the current literature. [Med-Science 2018; 7(4.000): 943-5

Tic disorder developing following risperidone in a child with oppositional defiant disorder

Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), one of the psychiatric disorders frequently encountered in childhood, is a disruptive behaviour disorder involving emotional and behavioural problems. Children with ODD may experience difficulty in controlling anger and are generally disobedient and defiant of other people. Risperidone, an atypical antipsychotic agent is a dopamine and serotonin 2A receptor antagonist, is used in the treatment of disruptive behavioural disorders in which aggressive or other disruptive behaviours predominate (aggressive symptoms, self-harm, anger episodes, sudden mood changes, etc.). We discuss a case of tic disorder developing following risperidone use during treatment of a child diagnosed with ODD