Entrepreneuriat organisationnel : Enseignements stratégiques d'une approche comparée des principaux modèles

Ce travail effectue une étude comparative de différentes modélisations de l'entrepreneuriat organisationnel. Nous étudions ces modèles à travers des prismes différents, afin de mettre en lumière leurs similitudes et leurs différences, notamment dans leur manière de relier les notions de stratégie et d'entrepreneuriat. Cette étude s'inscrit dans une actualité brûlante, car des travaux récents (Lumpkin, 2009) ont souligné des faiblesses dans le construit d'orientation entrepreneuriale, sur lequel sont construits de nombreux modèles et un décalage entre le construit et les outils habituellement utilisés pour le mesurer. Elle apporte à la littérature une approche comparative originale des modélisations principales utilisées pour conceptualiser l'entrepreneuriat organisationnelentrepreneuriat organisationnel ; stratégie ; orientation entrepreneuriale; management entrepreneurial

Management entrepreneurial et orientation entrepreneuriale : deux concepts si differents ?

Le management entrepreneurial (Stevenson, 1983) peut-il être assimilé à l'orientation entrepreneuriale (Miller, 1983) concept développé et largement utilisé pour mesurer l'intensité entrepreneuriale d'une organisation ? Nous montrons que ces deux concepts sont distincts bien que conduisant tous deux vers l'entrepreneuriat organisationnel (Brown et al., 2001). Ensuite, nous conduisons une étude comparative des modèles d'entrepreneuriat organisationnel qui sont basés sur, ou intègrent, l'orientation entrepreneuriale (OE), afin d'identifier si les dimensions du management entrepreneurial peuvent être considérées comme des facteurs organisationnels affectant l'OE. Nous soulignons que le caractère dynamique de ce type d'entrepreneuriat appelle à des recherches qualitatives supplémentaires afin de donner un contenu au concept. Ceci permettrait, notamment, aux praticiens d'identifier les mécanismes et processus qui maintiennent l'intensité entrepreneuriale à un bon niveau et d'agir sur ces derniers quand cette intensité fait défaut. Ce contenu donnerait au monde académique un matériau pour réexaminer l'opérationnalisation de l'orientation entrepreneuriale, nécessité soulignée par Basso et al., (2009), et confirmée par Lumpkin et al., (2009)Management Entrepreneurial ; Orientation Entrepreneuriale ; entrepreneuriat organisationnel ; mode de management favorisant l'entrepreneuriat organisationnel

Management Entrepreneurial et Orientation Entrepreneuriale : Deux concepts aussi différents ?

Le management entrepreneurial (Stevenson et Gumpert, 1985) peut-il être assimilé à l'orientation entrepreneuriale (Miller, 1983 ; Covin et Slevin, 1988, 1989, 1991 ; Lumpkin et Dess, 1996), concept développé et largement utilisé pour mesurer l'intensité entrepreneuriale d'une organisation ? Nous démontrons que ces deux concepts sont distincts bien que conduisant tous deux vers l'entrepreneuriat organisationnel (Brown et al, 2001). Nous soulignons que le caractère dynamique de ce type d'entrepreneuriat appelle à des recherches qualitatives supplémentaires afin de donner un contenu au concept. Ceci permettrait, notamment, aux praticiens d'identifier les mécanismes et processus qui maintiennent l'intensité entrepreneuriale à un bon niveau et d'agir sur ces derniers quand cette intensité fait défaut. Ce contenu donnerait au monde académique un matériau pour réexaminer l'opérationnalisation de l'orientation entrepreneuriale, nécessité soulignée par Basso et al (2010).Management Entrepreneurial ; Orientation Entrepreneuriale; entrepreneuriat organisationne mode de management favorisant l'entrepreneuriat organisationnel

Beyond the nexus family - business: introducing the family business service ecosystem

Purpose Extant family business research focuses on the understanding of value creation through the binary interactions between the family and its business (the family – business nexus). This article addresses this issue by expanding the understanding of value creation beyond the family-business nexus to that of value creation among a wider set of stakeholders (the family business service ecosystem). It recognizes the multi-faceted nature of family businesses and conceptualizes a value creation process through a broader scope of internal and external stakeholders. Design/methodology/approach This research theoretically connects Business Model Innovation (BMI) and Service dominant logic (SDL) as foundations of an ecosystem approach of value creation established through collaboration, coproduction and co-creation based on Value in Use (ViU). The authors then present the FB Service Ecosystem BM. Findings This research generates an overarching model of value creation and integration that reflects and enacts the purpose of the family firm’s project through interactions with ad hoc internal and external actors as possible Third Avenue of value creation, transcending the family versus business paradox. Termed FB Service Ecosystem, this overarching model can be at the forefront of economic, ecological and societal transition, by tacitly transmitting such BMs through their networks of stakeholders. The FB Service Ecosystem is important because it can support the transition of economies and societies based on service, collaboration and meeting multiple stakeholder needs. Originality/value This research addresses the dichotomy between financial and non-financial outcomes and between agency and stewardship. It transcends this paradox to offer an inclusive value creation perspective considering a wider set of internal and external stakeholders based on reciprocal service provision and co-creation of mutual value, foundations of service dominant logic, among actors of a service ecosystem federated by and around the family business, termed Family Business Service Ecosystem

Biomass burning contribution to black carbon in the Western United States Mountain Ranges

Forest fires are an important source to carbonaceous aerosols in the Western United States (WUS). We quantify the relative contribution of biomass burning to black carbon (BC) in the WUS mountain ranges by analyzing surface BC observations for 2006 from the Interagency Monitoring of PROtected Visual Environment (IMPROVE) network using the GEOS-Chem global chemical transport model. Observed surface BC concentrations show broad maxima during late June to early November. Enhanced potassium concentrations and potassium/sulfur ratios observed during the high-BC events indicate a dominant biomass burning influence during the peak fire season. Model surface BC reproduces the observed day-to day and synoptic variabilities in regions downwind of but near urban centers. Major discrepancies are found at elevated mountainous sites during the July-October fire season when simulated BC concentrations are biased low by a factor of two. We attribute these low biases largely to the underestimated (by more than a factor of two) and temporally misplaced biomass burning emissions of BC in the model. Additionally, we find that the biomass burning contribution to surface BC concentrations in the USA likely was underestimated in a previous study using GEOS-Chem (Park et al., 2003), because of the unusually low planetary boundary layer (PBL) heights in the GEOS-3 meteorological reanalysis data used to drive the model. PBL heights from GEOS-4 and GEOS-5 reanalysis data are comparable to those from the North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR). Model simulations show slightly improved agreements with the observations when driven by GEOS-5 reanalysis data, but model results are still biased low. The use of biomass burning emissions with diurnal cycle, synoptic variability, and plume injection has relatively small impact on the simulated surface BC concentrations in the WUS

Cognition, emotion and action: persistent sources of parent–offspring paradoxes in the family business

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to explore inductively the unique paradoxical tensions central to family business (FB) and to analyze how FB's members face these tensions and their implications in the personal and professional realms. Design/methodology/approach: A multiple-case study with 11 parent–offspring dyads from Portuguese FBs was conducted putting the focus on the micro-level interactions. Findings: The slopes of roles and relationality in FBs produces three persistent sets of tensions around cognition, emotion and action. These tensions exist in a paradoxical state, containing potentiality for synergy or trade-off. Originality/value: Our study is the first to empirically demonstrate that paradoxical tensions between parent and offspring are interrelated, by emphasizing the uniqueness of FB as a paradoxical setting and offering insights to negotiating of these singular paradoxes.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

Idealized model for changes in equilibrium temperature, mixed layer depth, and boundary layer cloud over land in a doubled CO2 climate

An idealized equilibrium model for the undisturbed partly cloudy boundary layer (BL) is used as a framework to explore the coupling of the energy, water, and carbon cycles over land in midlatitudes and show the sensitivity to the clear‐sky shortwave flux, the midtropospheric temperature, moisture, CO2, and subsidence. The changes in the surface fluxes, the BL equilibrium, and cloud cover are shown for a warmer, doubled CO2 climate. Reduced stomatal conductance in a simple vegetation model amplifies the background 2 K ocean temperature rise to an (unrealistically large) 6 K increase in near‐surface temperature over land, with a corresponding drop of near‐surface relative humidity of about 19%, and a rise of cloud base of about 70 hPa. Cloud changes depend strongly on changes of mean subsidence; but evaporative fraction (EF) decreases. EF is almost uniquely related to mixed layer (ML) depth, independent of background forcing climate. This suggests that it might be possible to infer EF for heterogeneous landscapes from ML depth. The asymmetry of increased evaporation over the oceans and reduced transpiration over land increases in a warmer doubled CO2 climate

An atmospheric perspective on North American carbon dioxide exchange: CarbonTracker

We present an estimate of net CO2 exchange between the terrestrial biosphere and the atmosphere across North America for every week in the period 2000 through 2005. This estimate is derived from a set of 28,000 CO2 mole fraction observations in the global atmosphere that are fed into a state-of-the-art data assimilation system for CO2 called CarbonTracker. By design, the surface fluxes produced in CarbonTracker are consistent with the recent history of CO2 in the atmosphere and provide constraints on the net carbon flux independent from national inventories derived from accounting efforts. We find the North American terrestrial biosphere to have absorbed –0.65 PgC/yr (1 petagram = 10^15 g; negative signs are used for carbon sinks) averaged over the period studied, partly offsetting the estimated 1.85 PgC/yr release by fossil fuel burning and cement manufacturing. Uncertainty on this estimate is derived from a set of sensitivity experiments and places the sink within a range of –0.4 to –1.0 PgC/yr. The estimated sink is located mainly in the deciduous forests along the East Coast (32%) and the boreal coniferous forests (22%). Terrestrial uptake fell to –0.32 PgC/yr during the large-scale drought of 2002, suggesting sensitivity of the contemporary carbon sinks to climate extremes. CarbonTracker results are in excellent agreement with a wide collection of carbon inventories that form the basis of the first North American State of the Carbon Cycle Report (SOCCR), to be released in 2007. All CarbonTracker results are freely available at http://carbontracker.noaa.gov

Математична залежність точності верстатних пристроїв від їх ступеня гнучкості

Підвищення конкурентоспроможності продукції, що виробляється невеликими підприємствами, забезпечується шляхом скорочення витрат на проектування та виготовлення технологічної оснастки для свердлильно- фрезерно-розточувальних операцій. Це стає можливим за рахунок використання гнучких верстатних пристроїв (ВП), що мають можливість переналагодження у заданому діапазоні розмірів заготовки шляхом регулювання установлювально-затискних елементів