317 research outputs found
Translating interdisciplinary knowledge for gender equity: Quantifying the impact of NSF ADVANCE
Background
Interdisciplinarity is often hailed as a necessity for tackling real-world challenges. We examine the prevalence and impact of interdisciplinarity in the NSF ADVANCE program, which addresses gender equity in STEM.
Methods
Through a quantitative analysis of authorship, references, and citations in ADVANCE publications, we compare the interdisciplinarity of knowledge produced within the program to traditional disciplinary knowledge. We use Simpon's Diversity Index to test for differences across disciplines, and we use negative binomial regression to capture the potential influences of interdisciplinarity on the long-term impact of ADVANCE publications.
Results
ADVANCE publications exhibit higher levels of interdisciplinarity across three dimensions of knowledge integration, and cross-disciplinary ties within ADVANCE successfully integrate social science knowledge into diverse disciplines. Additionally, the interdisciplinarity of publication references positively influences the impact of ADVANCE work, while the interdisciplinarity of authorship teams does not.
Conclusions
These findings emphasize the significance of interdisciplinarity in problem-oriented knowledge production, indicating that specific forms of interdisciplinarity can lead to broader impact. By shedding light on the interplay between interdisciplinary approaches, disciplinary structures, and academic recognition, this article contributes to programmatic design to generate impactful problem-solving knowledge that also adds to the academic community
Effect of acute copper sulfate exposure on olfactory responses to amino acids and pheromones in goldfish (Carassius auratus)
Exposure of olfactory epithelium to environmentally relevant concentrations of copper disrupts olfaction in fish. To examine
the dynamics of recovery at both functional and morphological levels after acute copper exposure, unilateral exposure of goldfish olfactory epithelia to 100 ÎŒM CuSO4 (10 min) was followed by electro-olfactogram (EOG) recording and scanning electron microscopy. Sensitivity to amino acids (L-arginine
and L-serine), generally considered food-related odorants, recovered most rapidly (three days), followed by that to
catecholamines(3-O-methoxytyramine),bileacids(taurolithocholic acid) and the steroid pheromone, 17,20 -dihydroxy-4-pregnen-
3-one 20-sulfate, which took 28 days to reach full recovery. Sensitivity to the postovulatory pheromone prostaglandin F2R had
not fully recovered even at 28 days. These changes in sensitivity were correlated with changes in the recovery of ciliated and microvillous receptor cell types. Microvillous cells appeared largely unaffected by CuSO4 treatment. Cilia in
ciliated receptor neurones, however, appeared damaged one day post-treatment and were virtually absent after three days but
had begun to recover after 14 days. Together, these results support the hypothesis that microvillous receptor neurones detect amino acids whereas ciliated receptor neurones were not functional and are responsible for detection of social stimuli (bile acidsandpheromones).Furthermore, differences in sensitivity to copper may be due to different transduction pathways in
the different cell types
Metal-to-Metal Distance Modulated Au(I)/Ru(II) Cyclophanyl Complexes : Cooperative Effects in Photoredox Catalysis
The modular synthesis of Au(I)/Ru(II) decorated mono- and heterobimetallic complexes with pi-conjugated [2.2]paracyclophane is described. [2.2]Paracyclophane serves as a rigid spacer which holds the metal centers in precise spatial orientations and allows metal-to-metal distance modulation. A broad set of architectural arrangements of pseudo -geminal, -ortho, -meta, and -para substitution patterns were employed. Metal-to-metal distance modulation of Au(I)/Ru(II) heterobimetallic complexes and the innate transannular pi-communication of the cyclophanyl scaffold provides a promising platform for the investigations of structure-activity relationship and cooperative effects. The Au(I)/Ru(II) heterobimetallic cyclophanyl complexes are stable, easily accessible, and exhibit promising catalytic activity in the visible-light promoted arylative Meyer-Schuster rearrangement.Peer reviewe
Spotting Trees with Few Leaves
We show two results related to the Hamiltonicity and -Path algorithms in
undirected graphs by Bj\"orklund [FOCS'10], and Bj\"orklund et al., [arXiv'10].
First, we demonstrate that the technique used can be generalized to finding
some -vertex tree with leaves in an -vertex undirected graph in
time. It can be applied as a subroutine to solve the
-Internal Spanning Tree (-IST) problem in
time using polynomial space, improving upon previous algorithms for this
problem. In particular, for the first time we break the natural barrier of
. Second, we show that the iterated random bipartition employed by
the algorithm can be improved whenever the host graph admits a vertex coloring
with few colors; it can be an ordinary proper vertex coloring, a fractional
vertex coloring, or a vector coloring. In effect, we show improved bounds for
-Path and Hamiltonicity in any graph of maximum degree
or with vector chromatic number at most 8
Histologische, funktionelle und spezifische Regeneration nach Durchtrennung der Fila olfactoria beim Goldfisch ( Carassius auratus )
1. Alter dissection of the olfactory libres (fila olfactoria, Fig. 1) in the goldfisch, histological (Fig. 5) as well as functional regeneration takes place. When regeneration of the olfactory fibres was complete, no differences in training and learning behaviour between operated and untreated control animals could be observed (Fig. 2). Specific regeneration could also be proved after dissection of the olfactory fibres: Preoperatively trained discriminative behaviour returned (Figs. 3, 4) when histological regeneration had reached an advanced state (Figs. 6, 7). Higher concentrations of all substances used for odour training were capable of exciting the taste receptors or other struktures outside the olfactory mucosa. The concentrations used for olfactory training, however, were below the thresholds for non-olfactory perception. Neither the surgical procedure nor the anesthesia influenced the memory function. 1. Goldfische können die durchschnittenen Bahnen der Fila olfactoria anatomisch und funktionell regenerieren.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/47102/1/359_2004_Article_BF00340911.pd
End-to-end verifiable elections in the standard model
We present the cryptographic implementation of âDEMOSâ, a new e-voting system that is end-to-end verifiable in the standard model, i.e., without any additional âsetupâ assumption or access to a random oracle (RO). Previously known end-to-end verifiable e-voting systems required such additional assumptions (specifically, either the existence of a ârandomness beaconâ or were only shown secure in the RO model). In order to analyze our scheme, we also provide a modeling of end-to-end verifiability as well as privacy and receipt-freeness that encompasses previous definitions in the form of two concise attack games. Our scheme satisfies end-to-end verifiability information theoretically in the standard model and privacy/receipt-freeness under a computational assumption (subexponential Decisional Diffie Helman). In our construction, we utilize a number of techniques used for the first time in the context of e-voting schemes that include utilizing randomness from bit-fixing sources, zero-knowledge proofs with imperfect verifier randomness and complexity leveraging
Selecting the best candidates for resurrecting extinct-in-the-wild plants from herbaria
Resurrecting extinct species is a fascinating and challenging idea for scientists and the general public. Whereas some theoretical progress has been made for animals, the resurrection of extinct plants (de-extinction sensu lato) is a relatively recently discussed topic. In this context, the term âde-extinctionâ is used sensu lato to refer to the resurrection of âextinct in the wildâ species from seeds or tissues preserved in herbaria, as we acknowledge the current impossibility of knowing a priori whether a herbarium seed is alive and can germinate. In plants, this could be achieved by germinating or in vitro tissue-culturing old diaspores such as seeds or spores available in herbarium specimens. This paper reports the first list of plant de-extinction candidates based on the actual availability of seeds in herbarium specimens of globally extinct plants. We reviewed globally extinct seed plants using online resources and additional literature on national red lists, resulting in a list of 361 extinct taxa. We then proposed a method of prioritizing candidates for seed-plant de-extinction from diaspores found in herbarium specimens and complemented this with a phylogenetic approach to identify species that may maximize evolutionarily distinct features. Finally, combining data on seed storage behaviour and longevity, as well as specimen age in the novel âbest de-extinction candidateâ score (DEXSCO), we identified 556 herbarium specimens belonging to 161 extinct species with available seeds. We expect that this list of de-extinction candidates and the novel approach to rank them will boost research efforts towards the first-ever plant de-extinction
Proving formally the implementation of an efficient gcd algorithm for polynomials
Last version published in the proceedings of IJCAR 06, part of FLOC 06.International audienceWe describe here a formal proof in the Coq system of the structure theorem for subresultants, which allows to prove formally the correction of our implementation of the subresultant algorithm. Up to our knowledge, it is the first mechanized proof of this result
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