Peranti Pengelakan dalam Bahasa Indonesia

x, 99 p.; 21 c

Strategi Pengembangan Ekowisata Bahari sebagai Sumber Belajar Geografi Pariwisata

Learning is good to support the quality of learning. The development of marine ecotourism can be used as a learning resource for the tourism geography courses teaching materials appropriate to the needs of students. This type of research is a case study, with the stages of research done of preliminary studies, surveys and data verification, feasibility analysis and final stage is to do situational analysis (SWOT) to analyze the condition of strategic environmental developments. The results of the feasibility analysis of marine ecotourism in the category Donggala feasible or good for the development of marine ecotourism. Students know the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, as well as marine ecotourism development priority order by using SWOT analysis.Pembelajaran yang baik dapat menunjang kualitas pembelajaran. Pengembangan ekowisata bahari dapat dijadikan sebagai sumber belajar matakuliah geografi pariwisata untuk bahan ajar yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan mahasiswa. Jenis penelitian ialah penelitian studi kasus, dengan tahapan penelitian yang dilakukan yaitu studi pendahuluan, survei dan verifikasi data, analisis kelayakan dan tahap terakhir yaitu melakukan analisis situational (SWOT) untuk menganalisis kondisi lingkungan strategis kawasan pengembangan. Hasil analisis kelayakan ekowisata bahari Kabupaten Donggala berada pada kategori layak atau baik untuk pengembangan ekowisata bahari. Mahasiswa tahu kekuatan, kelemahan, peluang dan ancamannya, serta urutan prioritas pengembangan ekowisata bahari dengan menggunakan analisis SWOT

Analisis Pengaruh Waktu Torefaksi Terhadap Kualitas Biobriket dari Cangkang Kelapa Sawit (Palm Oil Shell)

Palm oil shells are solid waste from the palm oil processing industry. In 1 ton of palm oil produces 6.5% shell waste. Solid waste can be converted into fuel as a substitute for oil, namely bio-briquettes as an alternative fuel through a combustion process with less air. This study aims to determine the effect of time variations on the quality and yield of bio-briquettes produced using a combined pretreatment method of densification (with additional binder) and torrefaction at a temperature of 275 oC and time variations of 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 minutes. Torrefaction is a new method in the briquetting process where this method takes place at low temperatures. The results showed that the longer the torrefaction time, in general, the value of water content, ash content, volatile matter content, fixed carbon value and burning time also increased. However, this is inversely proportional to the yield value of the resulting product, so the best quality is obtained in 75 minutes with a moisture content of 0.86%, ash content 2.38%, volatile matter content 18.23%, fixed carbon value 78.51 %, product yield is 36.3165% and calorific value is 5964 Kcal/kg.Cangkang kelapa sawit adalah limbah padat dihasilkan dari industri pengolahan minyak kelapa sawit, dimana dalam 1 ton kelapa sawit dapat menghasilkan 6,5% limbah cangkang. Limbah ini dapat diproses menjadi bahan bakar padat / biobriket sebagai alternatif bahan bakar melalui proses torefaksi dengan sedikit atau tanpa udara. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari variasi waktu terhadap kualitas dan rendemen biobriket yang dihasilkan menggunakan metode pretreatment gabungan densifikasi (dengan tambahan pengikat) dan torefaksi pada temperatur 275 oC dan variasi waktu yaitu 30, 45, 60, 75 dan 90 menit. Torefaksi termasuk metode baru dalam proses pembriketan dimana metode ini berlangsung pada temperatur rendah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin lama waktu torefaksi maka secara umum nilai kadar air, kadar abu, kadar zat terbang, nilai fixed carbon serta waktu bakar juga semakin meningkat. Namun hal ini berbanding terbalik untuk nilai rendemen produk yang dihasilkan, sehingga untuk kualitas terbaik didapatkan pada waktu 75 menit dengan kadar air 0,86%, kadar abu 2,38%, kadar zat terbang 18,23%, nilai fixed carbon 78,51%, rendemen produk 36,3165 % dan nilai kalor sebesar 5964 Kcal/kg

Time-Varying Emulator for Short and Long-Term Analysis of Coastal Flood Hazard Potential

Rising seas coupled with ever increasing coastal populations present the potential for significant social and economic loss in the 21st century. Relatively short records of the full multidimensional space contributing to total water level coastal flooding events (astronomic tides, sea level anomalies, storm surges, wave run‐up, etc.) result in historical observations of only a small fraction of the possible range of conditions that could produce severe flooding. The Time‐varying Emulator for Short‐ and Long‐Term analysis of coastal flood hazard potential is presented here as a methodology capable of producing new iterations of the sea‐state parameters associated with the present‐day Pacific Ocean climate to simulate many synthetic extreme compound events. The emulator utilizes weather typing of fundamental climate drivers (sea surface temperatures, sea level pressures, etc.) to reduce complexity and produces new daily synoptic weather chronologies with an auto‐regressive logistic model accounting for conditional dependencies on the El Niño Southern Oscillation, the Madden‐Julian Oscillation, seasonality, and the prior two days of weather progression. Joint probabilities of sea‐state parameters unique to simulated weather patterns are used to create new time series of the hypothetical components contributing to synthetic total water levels (swells from multiple directions coupled with water levels due to wind setup, temperature anomalies, and tides). The Time‐varying Emulator for Short‐ and Long‐Term analysis of coastal flood hazard potential reveals the importance of considering the multivariate nature of extreme coastal flooding, while progressing the ability to incorporate large‐scale climate variability into site specific studies assessing hazards within the context of predicted climate change in the 21st century

Flight Testing a Linear Parameter Varying Control Law on a Passenger Aircraft

To improve performance and efficiency of future aircraft generations, multi-objective control design problems considering effects such as over-actuation and lowly damped flexible modes arise from new materials in the wing design. A candidate method, which delivers a solution to this problem for the whole flight envelope is linear parameter varying (LPV) control synthesis. It already incorporates the controller scheduling in the synthesis process, guaranteeing stability and robustness over the entire scheduling envelope, and enables intuitive multi-objective, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) controller designs. To prove the concept of LPV controllers in a realistic environment, the flight test campaign results of LPV inner loop control laws on a Cessna Citation II (550) aircraft are presented in this paper. The implemented inner loop controllers are inspired by classical flight controllers used on state-of-the-art fly-by-wire airliners. The longitudinal motion is augmented with load-factor command and the lateral motion controller, which is inherently of MIMO type, features a roll rate command with attitude hold behavior. The control laws are validated in flight by the pilot with respect to functionality, flying and handling qualities. Furthermore, auto generated input signals are used to excite the aircraft without pilot in the loop to allow for a comparability with simulation results

Future response of global coastal wetlands to sea-level rise.

The response of coastal wetlands to sea-level rise during the twenty-first century remains uncertain. Global-scale projections suggest that between 20 and 90 per cent (for low and high sea-level rise scenarios, respectively) of the present-day coastal wetland area will be lost, which will in turn result in the loss of biodiversity and highly valued ecosystem services1-3. These projections do not necessarily take into account all essential geomorphological4-7 and socio-economic system feedbacks8. Here we present an integrated global modelling approach that considers both the ability of coastal wetlands to build up vertically by sediment accretion, and the accommodation space, namely, the vertical and lateral space available for fine sediments to accumulate and be colonized by wetland vegetation. We use this approach to assess global-scale changes in coastal wetland area in response to global sea-level rise and anthropogenic coastal occupation during the twenty-first century. On the basis of our simulations, we find that, globally, rather than losses, wetland gains of up to 60 per cent of the current area are possible, if more than 37 per cent (our upper estimate for current accommodation space) of coastal wetlands have sufficient accommodation space, and sediment supply remains at present levels. In contrast to previous studies1-3, we project that until 2100, the loss of global coastal wetland area will range between 0 and 30 per cent, assuming no further accommodation space in addition to current levels. Our simulations suggest that the resilience of global wetlands is primarily driven by the availability of accommodation space, which is strongly influenced by the building of anthropogenic infrastructure in the coastal zone and such infrastructure is expected to change over the twenty-first century. Rather than being an inevitable consequence of global sea-level rise, our findings indicate that large-scale loss of coastal wetlands might be avoidable, if sufficient additional accommodation space can be created through careful nature-based adaptation solutions to coastal management.Personal research fellowship of Mark Schuerch (Project Number 272052902) and by the Cambridge Coastal Research Unit (Visiting Scholar Programme). Furthermore, this work has partly been supported by the EU research project RISES-AM- (FP7-ENV-693396)

Augmenting Assessment with Learning Analytics

Learning analytics as currently deployed has tended to consist of large-scale analyses of available learning process data to provide descriptive or predictive insight into behaviours. What is sometimes missing in this analysis is a connection to human-interpretable, actionable, diagnostic information. To gain traction, learning analytics researchers should work within existing good practice particularly in assessment, where high quality assessments are designed to provide both student and educator with diagnostic or formative feedback. Such a model keeps the human in the analytics design and implementation loop, by supporting student, peer, tutor, and instructor sense-making of assessment data, while adding value from computational analyses

Is the ADA/EASD algorithm for the management of type 2 diabetes (January 2009) based on evidence or opinion? A critical analysis

The ADA and the EASD recently published a consensus statement for the medical management of hyperglycaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes. The authors advocate initial treatment with metformin monotherapy and lifestyle modification, followed by addition of basal insulin or a sulfonylurea if glycaemic goals are not met (tier 1 recommendations). All other glucose-lowering therapies are relegated to a secondary (tier 2) status and only recommended for selected clinical settings. In our view, this algorithm does not offer physicians and patients the appropriate selection of options to individualise and optimise care with a view to sustained control of blood glucose and reduction both of diabetes complications and cardiovascular risk. This paper critically assesses the basis of the ADA/EASD algorithm and the resulting tiers of treatment options