Kipuilua muutoksessa:luokanopettajuuden vuosikymmenten muutos työhyvinvoinnin haastajana

Tiivistelmä. Tutkimukseni tavoitteena on selvittää narratiivisen kirjallisuuskatsauksen keinoin luokanopettajuuden vuosikymmenten aikana kokemia muutoksia ja peilata niiden ilmenemistä nykypäivän luokanopettajuudessa. Lisäksi arvioin tutkimuksessani, miten muutokset ovat vaikuttaneet luokanopettajien työhyvinvointiin. Kirjallisuuskatsauksessa tutkimusta tehdään jo tutkitusta tiedosta. Tarkoituksena on antaa ajankohtaista tietoa luokanopettajien työhyvinvoinnin heikentymisen taustalla olevista tekijöistä ja kuvailla luokanopettajuutta muutoksen keskellä. Saatuja tutkimustuloksia voidaan hyödyntää jatkotutkimuksissa ja luokanopettajien työhyvinvoinnin parantamiseen liittyvissä projekteissa. Luokanopettajien heikentynyt työhyvinvointi ja alanvaihto ovat olleet mediassa esiintyviä ilmiöitä viime aikoina. Heikentyneeseen työhyvinvointiin ja alanvaihtoon ovat vaikuttaneet kehitystarpeet ja jatkuva muutostahti. Muutosten laajuus kattaa yhteiskuntatason muutokset, ammatin kokemat muutokset ja koulujärjestelmää ohjaavat tekijät, kuten opetussuunnitelman. Huomioin myös ajan aspektin tarkastelemalla muutosta vuosikymmenten aikana pelkän nykypäivän sijasta. Tutkimuksessani lähtökohtana ovat muutokset 1950-luvulta 2020-luvulle asti. Näitä muutoksia peilaan nykypäivän luokanopettajuuteen. Ilmenevät muutokset ja eroavaisuudet mahdollistavat arvioinnin luokanopettajien työhyvinvoinnin heikentymisen perimmäisistä syistä. Vuosikymmenten tarkastelussa korostuneet muutokset koskivat rooleja, osaamisen laaja-alaisuutta, yhteistyön lisääntymistä ja itsensä kehittämistä. Työhyvinvoinnin heikentymisen syiksi nousivat yhteiskuntatason muutokset, työn luonteen muutos, ammatin asema ja arvostus sekä valmiudet. Resurssit tai luokanopettajakoulutuksen antamat valmiudet eivät riitä vastaamaan uusiin muutosten luomiin tarpeisiin työhyvinvointia tukevina tekijöinä. Muutosten yhteissumman vaikutus haastaa luokanopettajien työhyvinvointia ja johtaa muutoksessa kipuiluun

Constructing anti-immigration ideology and group identity in an online conversation thread on the Suomi24 discussion board

Peer reviewe

Role of Pneumococcal NanA Neuraminidase Activity in Peripheral Blood

The most frequent form of hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) is associated with infections caused by Shiga-like toxin-producing Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (STEC). In rarer cases HUS can be triggered by Streptococcus pneumoniae. While production of Shiga-like toxins explains STEC-HUS, the mechanisms of pneumococcal HUS are less well known. S. pneumoniae produces neuraminidases with activity against cell surface sialic acids that are critical for factor H-mediated complement regulation on cells and platelets. The aim of this study was to find out whether S. pneumoniae neuraminidase NanA could trigger complement activation and hemolysis in whole blood. We studied clinical S. pneumoniae isolates and two laboratory strains, a wild-type strain expressing NanA, and a NanA deletion mutant for their ability to remove sialic acids from various human cells and platelets. Red blood cell lysis and activation of complement was measured ex vivo by incubating whole blood with bacterial culture supernatants. We show here that NanA expressing S. pneumoniae strains and isolates are able to remove sialic acids from cells, and platelets. Removal of sialic acids by NanA increased complement activity in whole blood, while absence of NanA blocked complement triggering and hemolytic activity indicating that removal of sialic acids by NanA could potentially trigger pHUS.Peer reviewe

Genotype-phenotype Correlations In Cyp1b1-associated Primary Congenital Glaucoma Patients Representing Two Large Cohorts From India And Brazil

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Background Primary congenital glaucoma (PCG), occurs due to the developmental defects in the trabecular meshwork and anterior chamber angle in children. PCG exhibits genetic heterogeneity and the CYP1B1 gene has been widely implicated worldwide. Despite the diverse mutation spectra, the clinical implications of these mutations are yet unclear. The present study attempted to delineate the clinical profile of PCG in the background of CYP1B1 mutations from a large cohort of 901 subjects from India (n=601) and Brazil (n=300). Methods Genotype-phenotype correlations was undertaken on clinically well characterized PCG cases from India (n=301) and Brazil (n=150) to assess the contributions of CYP1B1 mutation on a set of demographic and clinical parameters. The demographic (gender, and history of consanguinity) and quantitative clinical (presenting intraocular pressure [IOP] and corneal diameter [CD]) parameters were considered as binary and continuous variables, respectively, for PCG patients in the background of the overall mutation spectra and also with respect to the prevalent mutations in India (R368H) and Brazil (4340delG). All these variables were fitted in a multivariate logistic regression model using the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) to estimate the adjusted odds ratio (OR) using the R software (version 2.14.1). Results The overall mutation spectrum were similar across the Indian and Brazilian PCG cases, despite significantly higher number of homozygous mutations in the former (p=0.024) and compound heterozygous mutations in the later (p=0.012). A wide allelic heterogeneity was observed and only 6 mutations were infrequently shared between these two populations. The adjusted ORs for the binary (demographic) and continuous (clinical) variables did not indicate any susceptibility to the observed mutations (p>0.05). Conclusions The present study demonstrated a lack of genotype-phenotype correlation of the demographic and clinical traits to CYP1B1 mutations in PCG at presentation. However, the susceptibility of these mutations to the long-term progression of these traits are yet to be deciphered.105Department of Science and Technology, Government of India [DST/INT/BRAZIL/RPO-01/2008]Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)CNPq [EU475687/20094

A Phase I Double Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Study of the Safety and Immunogenicity of Electroporated HIV DNA with or without Interleukin 12 in Prime-Boost Combinations with an Ad35 HIV Vaccine in Healthy HIV-Seronegative African Adults.

Strategies to enhance the immunogenicity of DNA vaccines in humans include i) co-administration of molecular adjuvants, ii) intramuscular administration followed by in vivo electroporation (IM/EP) and/or iii) boosting with a different vaccine. Combining these strategies provided protection of macaques challenged with SIV; this clinical trial was designed to mimic the vaccine regimen in the SIV study.Seventy five healthy, HIV-seronegative adults were enrolled into a phase 1, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Multi-antigenic HIV (HIVMAG) plasmid DNA (pDNA) vaccine alone or co-administered with pDNA encoding human Interleukin 12 (IL-12) (GENEVAX IL-12) given by IM/EP using the TriGrid Delivery System was tested in different prime-boost regimens with recombinant Ad35 HIV vaccine given IM.All local reactions but one were mild or moderate. Systemic reactions and unsolicited adverse events including laboratory abnormalities did not differ between vaccine and placebo recipients. No serious adverse events (SAEs) were reported. T cell and antibody response rates after HIVMAG (x3) prime-Ad35 (x1) boost were independent of IL-12, while the magnitude of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) ELISPOT responses was highest after HIVMAG (x3) without IL-12. The quality and phenotype of T cell responses shown by intracellular cytokine staining (ICS) were similar between groups. Inhibition of HIV replication by autologous T cells was demonstrated after HIVMAG (x3) prime and was boosted after Ad35. HIV specific antibodies were detected only after Ad35 boost, although there was a priming effect with 3 doses of HIVMAG with or without IL-12. No anti-IL-12 antibodies were detected.The vaccines were safe, well tolerated and moderately immunogenic. Repeated administration IM/EP was well accepted. An adjuvant effect of co-administered plasmid IL-12 was not detected.ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01496989

Basic Taste Stimuli Elicit Unique Responses in Facial Skin Blood Flow

Facial expression changes characteristically with the emotions induced by basic tastes in humans. We tested the hypothesis that the five basic tastes also elicit unique responses in facial skin blood flow. Facial skin blood flow was measured using laser speckle flowgraphy in 16 healthy subjects before and during the application of basic taste stimuli in the oral cavity for 20 s. The skin blood flow in the eyelid increased in response to sweet and umami taste stimuli, while that in the nose decreased in response to a bitter stimulus. There was a significant correlation between the subjective hedonic scores accompanying these taste stimuli and the above changes in skin blood flow. These results demonstrate that sweet, umami, and bitter tastes induce unique changes in facial skin blood flow that reflect subjective hedonic scores

Artificially Cloaked Viral Nanovaccine for Cancer Immunotherapy

Virus-based cancer vaccines are nowadays considered an interesting approach in the field of cancer immunotherapy, despite the observation that the majority of the immune responses they elicit are against the virus and not against the tumor. In contrast, targeting tumor associated antigens is effective, however the identification of these antigens remains challenging. Here, we describe ExtraCRAd, a multi-vaccination strategy focused on an oncolytic virus artificially wrapped with tumor cancer membranes carrying tumor antigens. We demonstrate that ExtraCRAd displays increased infectivity and oncolytic effect in vitro and in vivo. We show that this nanoparticle platform controls the growth of aggressive melanoma and lung tumors in vivo both in preventive and therapeutic setting, creating a highly specific anti-cancer immune response. In conclusion, ExtraCRAd might serve as the next generation of personalized cancer vaccines with enhanced features over standard vaccination regimens, representing an alternative way to target cancer.Peer reviewe