Distribution of rorquals and Atlantic cod in relation to their prey in the Norwegian high Arctic

Recent warming in the Barents Sea has led to changes in the spatial distribution of both zooplankton and fish, with boreal communities expanding northwards. A similar northward expansion has been observed in several rorqual species that migrate into northern waters to take advantage of high summer productivity, hence feeding opportunities. Based on ecosystem surveys conducted during August–September in 2014–2017, we investigated the spatial associations among the three rorqual species of blue, fin, and common minke whales, the predatory fish Atlantic cod, and their main prey groups (zooplankton, 0-group fish, Atlantic cod, and capelin) in Arctic Ocean waters to the west and north of Svalbard. During the surveys, whale sightings were recorded by dedicated whale observers on the bridge of the vessel, whereas the distribution and abundance of cod and prey species were assessed using trawling and acoustic methods. Based on existing knowledge on the dive habits of these rorquals, we divided our analyses into two depth regions: the upper 200 m of the water column and waters below 200 m. Since humpback whales were absent in the area in 2016 and 2017, they were not included in the subsequent analyses of spatial association. No association or spatial overlap between fin and blue whales and any of the prey species investigated was found, while associations and overlaps were found between minke whales and zooplankton/0-group fish in the upper 200 m and between minke whales and Atlantic cod at depths below 200 m. A prey detection range of more than 10 km was suggested for minke whales in the upper water layers.publishedVersio

PENINGKATAN KETERAMPILAN BERPIKIR KREATIF DAN KETERAMPILAN PROSES SAINS SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR MELALUI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS MASALAH

Penelitian ini didasarkan pada masih rendahnya kualitas pembelajaran di SD dalam mengimplementasikan pembelajaran yang dapat meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kreatif dan keterampilan proses sains. Berdasarkan alasan tersebut tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mendeskripsikan apakah data peningkatan keterampilan berpikir kreatif dan keterampilan proses sains siswa yang mendapatkan pembelajaran berbasis masalah (PBM) lebih baik dibandingkan siswa yang mendapatkan pembelajaran bukan PBM. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu quasi eksperiment dengan desain pre- and post test design. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di kelas V salah satu sekolah dasar negeri di Kabupaten Majalengka pada tahun ajaran 2014/2015 dengan subjek penelitian sebanyak 24 siswa kelas eksperimen dan 24 siswa kelas kontrol. Kelas ekperimen diberi perlakuan PBM, sedangkan kelas kontrol dengan bukan PBM. Kedua kelompok diberikan pre test dan post test dengan menggunakan instrumen tes yang sama. Instrumen yang digunakan terdiri atas butir soal uraian untuk mengukur keterampilan berpikir kreatif, soal pilihan ganda untuk mengukur keterampilan proses sains, dan lembar observasi untuk melihat keterlaksanaan pembelajaran. Data pre test dan post test diolah menggunakan bantuan program SPSS 20 for Windows. Hasil analisis data menunjukan bahwa keterampilan berpikir kreatif dan keterampilan proses sains pada kelas eksperimen baik secara keseluruhan maupun pada setiap indikatornya mengalami peningkatan yang lebih baik dibanding siswa kelas kontrol. Adapun peningkatan secara keseluruhan untuk keterampilan berpikir kreatif yaitu sebesar 0,58 sedangkan peningkatan keterampilan proses sains yaitu sebesar 0,56 dimana keduanya berada pada kategori sedang. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa peningkatan keterampilan berpikir kreatif dan keterampilan proses siswa yang mendapatkan pembelajaran berbasis masalah (PBM) lebih baik dibandingkan siswa yang mendapatkan pembelajaran bukan PBM. ---------- This study based on education in elementary school is still low in implementing creative thinking ability and science process ability. Based on these reason, the purpose of this research to describe an overview of the impact of problem based learning on creative thinking ability and science process ability. To a chieve these objektive the study used quasi exsperimental method with pre and post test design. The subjek were students of class V in Majalengka one vocational school year 2014/2015. Which 24 student in experimental class and 24 student in control class. In this design, the exsperimental class treated with problem based learning, whereas the untreated control class non problem based learning. Both groups were given a pre-test and post-test using the same test instruments. The instrument used consisted of items description for measuring creative thinking skills, multiple choice questions to measure the science process skills, and the observation sheet to see the feasibility study. Pre-test and post test is processed using SPSS 20 for Windows. The results showed the impact of problem based learning can improve creative thinking ability (N-gain 0,58) and science process ability (N-gain 0,56). Results of this study can be concluded that an increase in creative thinking skills ability and science process ability of the students who received problem-based learning was better than the students who get non problem based learning

the duality of uio 67 pt mofs connecting treatment conditions and encapsulated pt species by operando xas

XAS study of Pt-functionalized UiO-67 MOFs shows that 2 types of catalytically active sites can be formed in MOF cavities isolated Pt-complexes and Pt nanoparticles

tuning pt and cu sites population inside functionalized uio 67 mof by controlling activation conditions

The exceptional thermal and chemical stability of the UiO-66, -67 and -68 classes of isostructural MOFs [J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2008, 130, 13850] makes them ideal materials for functionalization purposes aimed at introducing active centres for potential application in heterogeneous catalysis. We previously demonstrated that a small fraction (up to 10%) of the linkers in the UiO-67 MOF can be replaced by bipyridine-dicarboxylate (bpydc) moieties exhibiting metal-chelating ability and enabling the grafting of Pt(ii) and Pt(iv) ions in the MOF framework [Chem. Mater., 2015, 27, 1042] upon interaction with PtCl2 or PtCl4 precursors. Herein we extend this functionalization approach in two directions. First, we show that by controlling the activation of the UiO-67-Pt we can move from a material hosting isolated Pt(ii) sites anchored to the MOF framework with Pt(ii) exhibiting two coordination vacancies (potentially interesting for C–H bond activation) to the formation of very small Pt nanoparticles hosted inside the MOF cavities (potentially interesting for hydrogenation reactions). The second direction consists of the extension of the approach to the insertion of Cu(ii), obtained via interaction with CuCl2, and exhibiting interesting redox properties. All materials have been characterized by in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy at the Pt L3- and Cu K-edges

Decomposing the spatial and temporal effects of climate on bird populations in northern European mountains

The relationships between species abundance or occurrence versus spatial variation in climate are commonly used in species distribution models to forecast future distributions. Under "space-for-time substitution", the effects of climate variation on species are assumed to be equivalent in both space and time. Two unresolved issues of space-for-time substitution are the time period for species' responses and also the relative contributions of rapid- versus slow reactions in shaping spatial and temporal responses to climate change. To test the assumption of equivalence, we used a new approach of climate decomposition to separate variation in temperature and precipitation in Fennoscandia into spatial, temporal, and spatiotemporal components over a 23-year period (1996-2018). We compiled information on land cover, topography, and six components of climate for 1756 fixed route surveys, and we modeled annual counts of 39 bird species breeding in the mountains of Fennoscandia. Local abundance of breeding birds was associated with the spatial components of climate as expected, but the temporal and spatiotemporal climatic variation from the current and previous breeding seasons were also important. The directions of the effects of the three climate components differed within and among species, suggesting that species can respond both rapidly and slowly to climate variation and that the responses represent different ecological processes. Thus, the assumption of equivalent species' response to spatial and temporal variation in climate was seldom met in our study system. Consequently, for the majority of our species, space-for-time substitution may only be applicable once the slow species' responses to a changing climate have occurred, whereas forecasts for the near future need to accommodate the temporal components of climate variation. However, appropriate forecast horizons for space-for-time substitution are rarely considered and may be difficult to reliably identify. Accurately predicting change is challenging because multiple ecological processes affect species distributions at different temporal scales

Tailored implementation of national recommendations on fall prevention among older adults in municipalities in Norway (FALLPREVENT trial): a study protocol for a cluster-randomised trial

Background: Despite substantial research evidence indicating the effectiveness of a range of interventions to pre- vent falls, uptake into routine clinical practice has been limited by several implementation challenges. The complexity of fall prevention in municipality health care underlines the importance of flexible implementation strategies tailored both to general determinants of fall prevention and to local contexts. This cluster-randomised trial (RCT) investigates the effectiveness of a tailored intervention to implement national recommendations on fall prevention among older home-dwelling adults compared to usual practice on adherence to the recommendations in health professionals.Methods: Twenty-five municipalities from four regions in Norway will be randomised to intervention or control arms. Each municipality cluster will recruit up to 30 health professionals to participate in the study as responders. The tailored implementation intervention comprises four components: (1) identifying local structures for implementation, (2) establishing a resource team from different professions and levels, (3) promoting knowledge on implementation and fall prevention and (4) supporting the implementation process. Each of these components includes several implementation activities. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) will be used to categorise determinants of the implementation process and the Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change (ERIC) will guide the matching of barriers to implementation strategies. The primary outcome measure for the study will be health professionals’ adherence to the national recommendations on fall prevention measured by a questionnaire. Secondary outcomes include injurious falls, the feasibility of the intervention, the experiences of the implementation process and intervention costs. Measurements will be carried out at baseline in August 2023, post-intervention in May 2024 and at a follow-up in November 2024.Discussion: This study will provide evidence on the effectiveness, intervention costs and underlying processes of change of tailored implementation of evidence-based fall prevention recommendations.Trial registration: The trial is registered in the Open Science Registry: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/JQ9T5. Regis- tered: March 03, 2023.<br/

The ambivalence of losing weight after bariatric surgery

This study is grounded in a phenomenological lifeworld perspective. It aims at providing rich descriptions of lived experience of the process of losing weight after obesity surgery. Two women participated in in-depth interviews four times each during the first postoperative year. Based on the women's experiences, a meaning structure—the ambivalence of losing weight after obesity surgery—was identified across the women's processes of change. This consisted of five core themes: movement and activity—freedom but new demands and old restraints; eating habits and digestion—the complexity of change; appearance—smaller, but looser; social relations—stability and change; and being oneself—vulnerability and self-assurance. These core themes changed over time in terms of dominance. The experience of ambivalence is discussed according to a phenomenological perspective of the body as lived experience