Correlation between alteration of enamel roughness and tooth color

To establish the correlation between enamel roughness and color change of tooth. Enamel/dentin blocks (5 x 5 x 3.2 mm) were serially ground with the following abrasive paper: 1200-grit, 800-grit, and 600-grit SiC papers. In the paired model, the analyses of color (L*, a*, b*, ?E) and roughness (Ra) were performed among the sandpaper exposure. The data were subjected to ANOVA using models for repeated measures followed by the Tukey test. The Pearson correlation test was used to determine whether there was a relationship between Ra values and color results (? = 0.05). The L* values decreased in accordance with the increase of Ra, with statistical difference between all the times (p0.05). The alteration of enamel roughness acted on the lightness and the green-red axis of tooth color. However, there was no significant correlation between the alteration of roughness of enamel and general color change of tooth

Characterization of whitening toothpastes and their effect on the physical properties of bulk-fill composites

Objective: To characterize activated charcoal and 2% hydrogen peroxide-based toothpastes and investigate their effects on roughness, color change, and gloss of bulk-fill composite resin. Methodology: Composite resin specimens (Aura Bulk Fill, SDI) were subjected to 5,000 brushing cycles with regular toothpaste (Colgate Total 12, [RT]), activated charcoal toothpaste (Bianco Dental Carbon, [AC]), or hydrogen peroxide-containing toothpaste (Colgate Luminous White Advanced, [HP]), with or without coffee exposure. The pH, particle characterization by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and weight% of solid particles in the toothpaste were assessed. Roughness (Ra) was evaluated using a surface profile-measuring device, color change (∆Eab/∆E00) by reflectance spectrophotometer, and gloss unit (GU) by glossmeter. Kruskal–Wallis, Dunn, Friedman, and Nemenyi tests were used, and the correlation coefficient test was performed between Ra and GU (α=0.05). Results: RT presented a higher Ra after brushing and did not change after staining with coffee; moreover, the ∆Eab/∆E00 values were higher for RT than HP. Regarding gloss, AC and HP obtained higher values compared to RT. A significant negative correlation between gloss and Ra was found for RT exposed to coffee. All toothpastes had a neutral pH; however, RT had the largest percentage of solids by weight. SEM images showed particles of many sizes: irregular shape (RT), more regular particles (AC), and spherical clusters (HP). Although surface roughness, color change, and gloss may compromise the longevity of restorations, the whitening toothpastes tested did not promote more morphology changes than regular toothpastes

Structural and functional analysis of four non-coding Y RNAs from Chinese hamster cells: identification, molecular dynamics simulations and DNA replication initiation assays.

BACKGROUND: The genes coding for Y RNAs are evolutionarily conserved in vertebrates. These non-coding RNAs are essential for the initiation of chromosomal DNA replication in vertebrate cells. However thus far, no information is available about Y RNAs in Chinese hamster cells, which have already been used to detect replication origins and alternative DNA structures around these sites. Here, we report the gene sequences and predicted structural characteristics of the Chinese hamster Y RNAs, and analyze their ability to support the initiation of chromosomal DNA replication in vitro. RESULTS: We identified DNA sequences in the Chinese hamster genome of four Y RNAs (chY1, chY3, chY4 and chY5) with upstream promoter sequences, which are homologous to the four main types of vertebrate Y RNAs. The chY1, chY3 and chY5 genes were highly conserved with their vertebrate counterparts, whilst the chY4 gene showed a relatively high degree of diversification from the other vertebrate Y4 genes. Molecular dynamics simulations suggest that chY4 RNA is structurally stable despite its evolutionarily divergent predicted stem structure. Of the four Y RNA genes present in the hamster genome, we found that only the chY1 and chY3 RNA were strongly expressed in the Chinese hamster GMA32 cell line, while expression of the chY4 and chY5 RNA genes was five orders of magnitude lower, suggesting that they may in fact not be expressed. We synthesized all four chY RNAs and showed that any of these four could support the initiation of DNA replication in an established human cell-free system. CONCLUSIONS: These data therefore establish that non-coding chY RNAs are stable structures and can substitute for human Y RNAs in a reconstituted cell-free DNA replication initiation system. The pattern of Y RNA expression and functionality is consistent with Y RNAs of other rodents, including mouse and rat

Effect of in-office bleaching gels with calcium or fluoride on color, roughness, and enamel microhardness

Commercial bleaching gels with remineralizing agents were developed to reduce the adverse effects of dental bleaching. The present study evaluated the effects on teeth of in-office bleaching gels containing 35-40% hydrogen peroxide (HP) with Calcium (Ca) or Fluoride (F). Bovine enamel/dentin blocks (4x4x2.5 mm) were randomly divided into the following groups (n=12): no treatment (control); 35% HP (Whiteness HP, FGM); 35% HP with Ca (Whiteness HP Blue, FGM); 40% HP with F (Opalescence Boost, Ultradent). The specimens were analyzed for color (?L*, ?a*, ?b*, and ?E), roughness (Ra), and Knoop microhardness (KHN). The color and KHN data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey?s test, while Ra values were analyzed using mixed models for repeated measures and Tukey-Kramer?s test (?=0.05). The bleached groups did not exhibit statistical differences among them for color. For roughness, 35% HP provided a slight increase of Ra, which was statistically different from the control. For microhardness, 35% HP and 40% HP with F presented KHN values that were statistically lower from the control, while the 35% HP with Ca did not statistically differ from the control. The presence of Ca or F in bleaching gels did not interfere with bleaching efficacy. However, only the enamel exposed to the bleaching gel containing Ca obtained microhardness values similar to unbleached enamel

Educação Financeira Infantil: Brincando com dinheiro

This study analyzes the results of a extension action developed in 2014 , the Federal University of Campina Grande – Sousa / PB, aiming to disseminatefinancial education toelementary school children from the secondto the fifth year of public and private schools of that city. To perform this work, classes and various recreational activities on the proposed theme were given. In these classes, we used registration form and monitoring of students, questionnaires, workshops, theater with puppets and slides videos and presentations.It was observed thatthe projectdiffers fromthe proposalto train moreconsciouscitizensin the useof financial resources.Este estudo analisa os resultados de uma ação extensionista desenvolvida em 2014, pela Universidade Federal de Campina Grande – Sousa/PB, objetivando-se educar financeiramente as crianças do ensino fundamental do 2º ao 5º ano das escolas públicas e privadas da referida cidade. Para a realização desse trabalho, foram ministradas aulas e diversas atividades lúdicas sobre a temática proposta. Nessas aulas, empregou-se, ficha de cadastramento e acompanhamento dos alunos, oficinas, feiras, teatro com fantoches e apresentações em slides e vídeos. Observa-se que os resultados foram satisfatórios nas escolas, evidenciando-se que o projeto desenvolve a criatividade, a imaginação e o raciocínio lógico das crianças, diferenciando-se pela proposta de formar cidadãos mais conscientes no uso dos recursos financeiros.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.35700/ca.2016.ano3n4.p46-54.1867

Indicadores relacionados ao uso racional de medicamentos e seus fatores associados

OBJETIVO: Avaliar indicadores relacionados ao uso racional de medicamentos e seus fatores associados em unidades básicas de saúde. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal realizado em amostra representativa de municípios do Brasil incluídos na Pesquisa Nacional sobre Acesso, Utilização e Promoção do Uso Racional de Medicamentos – Serviços, 2015. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista com usuários, profissionais dispensadores de medicamentos e prescritores; e descritos por meio de indicadores de prescrição, dispensação e de serviços de saúde. Realizou-se análise da associação entre características dos recursos humanos dos serviços farmacêuticos e indicadores de dispensação. RESULTADOS: Em nível nacional, o número médio de medicamentos prescritos foi de 2,4. A proporção de usuários com prescrição de antibiótico foi de 5,8%, 74,8% dos usuários receberam orientações sobre medicamentos na farmácia e para 45,1% usuários todos os medicamentos prescritos eram da relação nacional de medicamentos essenciais. Todos os indicadores apresentaram variações estatisticamente significantes entre as regiões do Brasil. Os dispensadores que relataram a presença de farmacêutico na unidade com carga horária igual ou superior a 40 horas semanais apresentaram 1,82 mais chance de transmitir orientações sobre o modo de usar dos medicamentos no processo de dispensação. CONCLUSÕES: A análise de indicadores de prescrição, dispensação e de serviços de saúde nas unidades básicas de saúde mostrou proporção insatisfatória de prescrição de medicamentos essenciais e limitações na identificação correta do medicamento, orientação aos pacientes sobre medicamentos e de disponibilidade de protocolos terapêuticos nos serviços de saúdeOBJECTIVE: To evaluate indicators related to the rational use of medicines and its associated factors in Basic Health Units. METHOD: This is a cross-sectional study carried out in a representative sample of Brazilian cities included in the Pesquisa Nacional sobre Acesso, Utilização e Promoção do Uso Racional de Medicamentos – Serviços, 2015 (PNAUM – National Survey on Access, Use and Promotion of Rational Use of Medicines – Services, 2015). The data were collected by interviews with users, medicine dispensing professionals, and prescribers; and described by prescription, dispensing, and health services indicators. We analyzed the association between human resources characteristics of pharmaceutical services and dispensing indicators. RESULTS: At national level, the average number of medicines prescribed was 2.4. Among the users, 5.8% had antibiotic prescription, 74.8% received guidance on how to use the medicines at the pharmacy and, for 45.1% of users, all prescribed medicines were from the national list of essential medicines. All the indicators presented statistically significant differences between the regions of Brazil. The dispensing professionals that reported the presence of a pharmacist in the unit with a working load of 40 hours or more per week presented 1.82 more chance of transmitting information on the way of using the medicines in the dispensing process. CONCLUSION: The analysis of prescription, dispensing, and health services indicators in the basic health units showed an unsatisfactory proportion of essential medicines prescription and limitations in the correct identification of the medicine, orientation to the patients on medicines, and availability of therapeutic protocols in the health service

Effects of culture filtrates of endophytic fungi obtained from Piper aduncum L. on the growth of mycobacterium tuberculosis

Substances that inhibit the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis could potentially be used as antibiotics. These substances could also be added to test culture media to improve the speed of tuberculosis diagnosis. The aim of this work was to investigate the influence of culture filtrates of endophytic fungi isolated from P. aduncum L. on the growth of M. tuberculosis. To achieve this objective, the following methodology was used: a) endophytic fungi were isolated from the leaves and stems of P. aduncum L.; b) the isolated fungi were submitted to submerged bioprocessing; c) culture filtrates from the bioprocess were assayed to evaluate their effect on the growth of M. tuberculosis. We isolated 315 fungal types, which represented 85 morphologies, from different parts of P. aduncum L. The bioassays were performed on 82 culture filtrates and 6 plant extracts and resulted in the detection of 1 culture filtrate that stimulated the growth of M. tuberculosis and 15 that inhibited microbial growth. None of the phytochemical extracts had an effect on the growth of M. tuberculosis. In conclusion, we observed that the endophytic fungi isolated from P. aduncum L. (Piperaceae) produced extracellular metabolites (present in the culture filtrate) that affect the growth of M. tuberculosis. These compounds have the potential to be used as antimicrobials or in the diagnosis of tuberculosis. © 2011 by Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Chile

Atuação do enfermeiro na saúde do trabalhador / Nurse's performance in worker health

Este trabalho aborda o impacto da atuação do profissional da enfermagem na saúde do trabalhador e tem como objetivo geral caracterizar as prerrogativas do enfermeiro no trabalho na geração de segurança e saúde, de modo a prevenir acidentes de trabalho e doenças ocupacionais. Esta pesquisa foi de caráter bibliográfica, na qual as fontes secundárias de conhecimentos foram construídas a partir de livros e artigos científicos, encontrados por meio do acesso à SCIELO e MEDLINE. Ao analisar os dados obtidos viu-se que as ações no campo da área de saúde ocupacional têm como foco manter padrão propício de bem-estar físico, mental e social dos empregados. Pode-se concluir, então, que a enfermagem se tornou objeto de conquista de espaço na área do trabalho à medida que seus métodos colaboraram de forma veemente na prevenção ou até mesmo na reversão de quadros agressivos à saúde do trabalhador, cooperando para a melhoria do seu bem-estar tanto no ambiente de trabalho quanto em casa

Práticas de cuidado da equipe da estratégia saúde da família / Family health strategy team care practices

Este estudo visa abordar as práticas de cuidado da equipe da estratégia Saúde da Família e tem como objetivo geral conhecer a influência dessas práticas de cuidado e suas consequências na comunidade em que ela está inserida. Objetiva-se, também, expor práticas de cuidado da estratégia Saúde da Família; apresentar a composição da equipe para o desenvolvimento dessa estratégia e conhecer o funcionamento dessa estratégia. Como metodologia utilizou-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica mediante uma abordagem qualitativa. Com base nos dados apresentados nesta pesquisa, foram suscitadas a reflexão acerca de enfermeiros e de ACS na visita domiciliar, além de possibilitar sua descrição. Questões como o planejamento, dificuldades na visita domiciliar e o contato entre enfermeiros e ACS foram pontos importantes discutidos. Percebe-se, como o estudo realizado, que a atuação da equipe da estratégia Saúde da Família na comunidade é uma ferramenta eficaz na diminuição e prevenção de doenças comumente encontradas. A familiarização dos ACS com os indivíduos das famílias visitadas torna o trabalho a ser realizado mais efetivo no que se propõe

Effects of culture filtrates of endophytic fungi obtained from Piper aduncum L. on the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Substances that inhibit the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis could potentially be used as antibiotics. These substances could also be added to test culture media to improve the speed of tuberculosis diagnosis. The aim of this work was to investigate the influence of culture filtrates of endophytic fungi isolated from P. aduncum L. on the growth of M. tuberculosis. To achieve this objective, the following methodology was used: a) endophytic fungi were isolated from the leaves and stems of P. aduncum L.; b) the isolated fungi were submitted to submerged bioprocessing; c) culture filtrates from the bioprocess were assayed to evaluate their effect on the growth of M. tuberculosis. We isolated 315 fungal types, which represented 85 morphologies, from different parts of P. aduncum L. The bioassays were performed on 82 culture filtrates and 6 plant extracts and resulted in the detection of 1 culture filtrate that stimulated the growth of M. tuberculosis and 15 that inhibited microbial growth. None of the phytochemical extracts had an effect on the growth of M. tuberculosis. In conclusion, we observed that the endophytic fungi isolated from P. aduncum L. (Piperaceae) produced extracellular metabolites (present in the culture filtrate) that affect the growth of M. tuberculosis. These compounds have the potential to be used as antimicrobials or in the diagnosis of tuberculosis