Análisis del comportamiento político electoral y gestión gubernamental en el Municipio de Ciudad Darío, 2021 y 2022

La presente investigación analiza aquellos factores que desde el año 2018 a la actualidad han formado un precedente en el comportamiento político electoral de los habitantes de Ciudad Darío; es decir, el comportamiento que han manifestado durante este período, tras las gestiones realizadas por el Gobierno del Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional, como gobierno en turno, el fallido golpe de Estado, los indicios de negociación, proceso de paz, restauración del orden social, oposición y reanudación del desarrollo de producción y pandemia de la COVID-19 y cómo estos se han configurado en el año 2022, posterior de las elecciones presidenciales, mediante una revisión teórica-interpretativa, la integración de la técnica de la entrevista, encuesta y observación participante, para la recopilación de los datos preponderantes sobre los factores que determinan el comportamiento político del individuo, frente a los supuestos beneficios que se obtendrán en la individualidad y lo colectivo mediante la decisión del voto. Obteniendo como resultados de investigación, la configuración de los factores que inciden en el comportamiento electoral de los ciudadanos de Ciudad Darí

P-Wave Morphology, Amplitude, Duration and Dispersion in Atrial Arrhythmias

The detailed analysis of the P-wave duration and dispersion by means of conventional electrocardiography with the 12 standard surface leads in the stratification of patients suffering from AF is a recognized universal approach. P-wave dispersion (PWD) has received increasing attention in the field of non-invasive electrophysiology studying atrial arrhythmias and has been examined in a broad range of clinical settings including cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular diseases. It is well accepted that, not only the P-wave duration, but also the P-wave morphology and dispersion have the potential to give information about the anatomical substrate predisposing to AF. Patients with diseased atrial myocardium with fibrotic changes may develop abnormal electrophysiological alterations. Therefore, these atrial anisotropic characteristics may play an important role in creating reentry circuits by causing inhomogeneous and discontinuous propagation of the impulse in the atrial tissue. The altered atrial myocardium may generate unidirectional block, conduction delay and reentrant atrial rhythms. The P-wave of the electrocardiogram may show alterations that can be associated with atrial arrhythmias and AF. PWD is considered a noninvasive electrocardiographic marker for atrial remodeling and predictor for AF. It has been shown that increased P-wave duration and PWD reflect prolongation of intra-atrial and inter-atrial conduction time. In patients prone to develop atrial arrhythmias and AF, PWD reflects prolonged, inhomogeneous and anisotropic distribution of connections between myocardial fibers resulting in discontinuous anisotropic propagation of sinus impulses and atrial conduction. PWD is considered as a sensitive and specific ECG marker and predictor of atrial arrhythmias and paroxysmal AF

Estrategias Didácticas Aplicadas en Ciencias Sociales

El presente trabajo de intervención tiene como propósito explicar el proceso que se ejecutó durante el Seminario de Graduación, para esto se cumplieron pasos establecidos, como primera instancia se analizó el diagnóstico realizado en tercer año, donde se retomaron las conclusiones y recomendaciones, a fin de responder a las necesidades encontradas en el estudio, que lleva como título: “Aplicación de métodos y técnicas que utiliza la docente en la disciplina de Ciencias Sociales del tercer grado “A” Colegio “Gloria Palacios” ubicado en la ciudad de Nindirí departamento de Masaya. Para dar solución a las necesidades del centro en estudio se analizaron las acciones que se podían ejecutar, por ello, se planificó el plan de intervención, el que consistió en proponer algunas actividades de organización para el desarrollo de la capacitación a docentes del Colegio “Gloria Palacios”. Es importante señalar que la intervención educativa favorece los procesos de enseñanza –aprendizaje, donde se contribuye a fortalecer la práctica docente y adquirir compromisos didácticos que ayuden a realizar clases activas. Para ello, se realizaron algunas acciones las que inician desde la solicitud de permisos a la Delegada Municipal y directora del colegio, la que fue realizada mediante cartas, donde se explica el propósito de la actividad, se establece el horario y se organiza la capacitación. Para la ejecución de la capacitación que tuvo como título: “Estrategias didáctica aplicadas en Ciencias Sociales”, en el Colegio “Gloria Palacios”, se planificaron estrategias propias de la asignatura, se compartió documentos con referentes teóricos en donde los beneficiarios directos fueron el 100% del personal docente y la directora. Se pudo evidenciar mediante el Seminario de Graduación y durante la realización del plan de intervención, la necesidad de los docentes por realizar esta capacitación, sin embargo, la mayoría tenían amplios conocimientos acerca de estrategias didácticas, pero no las aplican, según expresaron, la planificación requiere de más tiempo. Con la capacitación se les propuso estrategias didácticas que se pueden realizar en tiempos cortos, dejando claro que el uso de estas permite que los alumnos desarrollen el pensamiento crítico y a la vez sean protagonistas de las clases en donde se promueva el aprendizaje significativo. Durante el proceso de evaluación de la capacitación los docentes reflejaron la confianza en las facilitadoras, expresando su entusiasmo ante cada una de las estrategias presentadas, a su vez promovían la participación entre el grupo y solicitaron más capacitaciones, por otra parte, agradecieron haber tomado en cuenta el Colegio en dicho proceso

ZEB1 Links p63 and p73 in a Novel Neuronal Survival Pathway Rapidly Induced in Response to Cortical Ischemia

Background: Acute hypoxic/ischemic insults to the forebrain, often resulting in significant cellular loss of the cortical parenchyma, are a major cause of debilitating injury in the industrialized world. A clearer understanding of the pro-death/ pro-survival signaling pathways and their downstream targets is critical to the development of therapeutic interventions to mitigate permanent neurological damage. Methodology/Principal Findings: We demonstrate here that the transcriptional repressor ZEB1, thought to be involved in regulating the timing and spatial boundaries of basic-Helix-Loop-Helix transactivator-mediated neurogenic determination/ differentiation programs, functions to link a pro-survival transcriptional cascade rapidly induced in cortical neurons in response to experimentally induced ischemia. Employing histological, tissue culture, and molecular biological read-outs, we show that this novel pro-survival response, initiated through the rapid induction of p63, is mediated ultimately by the transcriptional repression of a pro-apoptotic isoform of p73 by ZEB1. We show further that this phylogenetically conserved pathway is induced as well in the human cortex subjected to episodes of clinically relevant stroke. Conclusions/Significance: The data presented here provide the first evidence that ZEB1 induction is part of a protective response by neurons to ischemia. The stroke-induced increase in ZEB1 mRNA and protein levels in cortical neurons is both developmentally and phylogenetically conserved and may therefore be part of a fundamental cellular response to thi

A novel approach of homozygous haplotype sharing identifies candidate genes in autism spectrum disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a highly heritable disorder of complex and heterogeneous aetiology. It is primarily characterized by altered cognitive ability including impaired language and communication skills and fundamental deficits in social reciprocity. Despite some notable successes in neuropsychiatric genetics, overall, the high heritability of ASD (~90%) remains poorly explained by common genetic risk variants. However, recent studies suggest that rare genomic variation, in particular copy number variation, may account for a significant proportion of the genetic basis of ASD. We present a large scale analysis to identify candidate genes which may contain low-frequency recessive variation contributing to ASD while taking into account the potential contribution of population differences to the genetic heterogeneity of ASD. Our strategy, homozygous haplotype (HH) mapping, aims to detect homozygous segments of identical haplotype structure that are shared at a higher frequency amongst ASD patients compared to parental controls. The analysis was performed on 1,402 Autism Genome Project trios genotyped for 1 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We identified 25 known and 1,218 novel ASD candidate genes in the discovery analysis including CADM2, ABHD14A, CHRFAM7A, GRIK2, GRM3, EPHA3, FGF10, KCND2, PDZK1, IMMP2L and FOXP2. Furthermore, 10 of the previously reported ASD genes and 300 of the novel candidates identified in the discovery analysis were replicated in an independent sample of 1,182 trios. Our results demonstrate that regions of HH are significantly enriched for previously reported ASD candidate genes and the observed association is independent of gene size (odds ratio 2.10). Our findings highlight the applicability of HH mapping in complex disorders such as ASD and offer an alternative approach to the analysis of genome-wide association data

Global Spatial Risk Assessment of Sharks Under the Footprint of Fisheries

Effective ocean management and conservation of highly migratory species depends on resolving overlap between animal movements and distributions and fishing effort. Yet, this information is lacking at a global scale. Here we show, using a big-data approach combining satellite-tracked movements of pelagic sharks and global fishing fleets, that 24% of the mean monthly space used by sharks falls under the footprint of pelagic longline fisheries. Space use hotspots of commercially valuable sharks and of internationally protected species had the highest overlap with longlines (up to 76% and 64%, respectively) and were also associated with significant increases in fishing effort. We conclude that pelagic sharks have limited spatial refuge from current levels of high-seas fishing effort. Results demonstrate an urgent need for conservation and management measures at high-seas shark hotspots and highlight the potential of simultaneous satellite surveillance of megafauna and fishers as a tool for near-real time, dynamic management

Prevalence and architecture of de novo mutations in developmental disorders.

The genomes of individuals with severe, undiagnosed developmental disorders are enriched in damaging de novo mutations (DNMs) in developmentally important genes. Here we have sequenced the exomes of 4,293 families containing individuals with developmental disorders, and meta-analysed these data with data from another 3,287 individuals with similar disorders. We show that the most important factors influencing the diagnostic yield of DNMs are the sex of the affected individual, the relatedness of their parents, whether close relatives are affected and the parental ages. We identified 94 genes enriched in damaging DNMs, including 14 that previously lacked compelling evidence of involvement in developmental disorders. We have also characterized the phenotypic diversity among these disorders. We estimate that 42% of our cohort carry pathogenic DNMs in coding sequences; approximately half of these DNMs disrupt gene function and the remainder result in altered protein function. We estimate that developmental disorders caused by DNMs have an average prevalence of 1 in 213 to 1 in 448 births, depending on parental age. Given current global demographics, this equates to almost 400,000 children born per year