Capillary electrophoresis as a tool for genotyping SH3 mediated coffee leaf rust resistance

Coffee is an important agricultural commodity in the world. However, it is susceptible to Hemileia vastatrix (Hv), an obligatory biotrophic fungus that causes coffee leaf rust (CLR). Natural resistance to rust has been identified in the wild species Coffea canephora and Coffea liberica. These species have been used in breeding programs where interspecific resistant hybrids have been generated. The SH3 gene, derived from C. liberica, has been shown to confer extreme and long-lasting resistance to Hv. A total of 167 accessions of the INIA’s Coffee Germplasm Collection of Peru (INIA-CGC) were screened with 4 markers linked to the SH3 gene. As positive controls, EA67 (C. liberica) and the hybrid S.288 (C. arabica x C. liberica) were used. Separation of PCR products was done by capillary electrophoresis, which allow to discriminate the alleles of each marker. For three markers, specific alleles for either C. arabica or C. liberica species were found. In all cases, S.288 exhibited specific alleles for both species; whereas the INIA-CGC accessions had exclusively C. arabica alleles and EA67 had C. liberica alleles. The BA-48-21O-f marker did not produce PCR fragments for any of the positive controls, suggesting that this marker is not as predictive as the other three to determine the presence of SH3. This work reports the existence of multiple alleles for the Sat244 marker; however, the collection does not have the SH3 mediated-resistance gene. Finally, the utility of capillary electrophoresis as a tool to identify alleles linked to SH3 was demonstrated

Características caóticas del funcionamiento de un destilador

En trabajos anteriores se mostró que el funcionamiento de un destilador sometido a calentamiento según el ciclo solar presentaba valores anormalmente altos del coeficiente de transferencia térmica h lo que sugería un funcionamiento de tipo caótico. Esto planteó la necesidad de profundizar el conocimiento de esta característica para optimizar el funcionamiento de dispositivos solares. Con este objetivo se realizaron medidas sobre un destilador en laboratorio con alta frecuencia de muestreo para poner en evidencia, eventualmente, características caóticas. Los resultados permiten identificar frecuencias características en el espectro de Fourier de h y del destilado, analizar la tasa de crecimiento e identificar la presencia de un atractor caótico en el espacio de representación.The operation of a solar still under conditions of solar heating was shown in previous papers. Very high values of the heat transfer coefficient h were obtained suggesting chaotic characteristics. The necesity of a deeper knowledge of this behaviour for optimizing the functioning of solar systems was proposed. With this aim, measurements at high frecuency on a laboratory still were performed to eventually make evident the chaotic characteristics. The results obteined allow to identify characteristics frecuencies in the Fourier spectrum of h and of the distillate, to analyze the growing rate and to identify the presence of a chaotic atractor in the representation space.Asociación Argentina de Energías Renovables y Medio Ambiente (ASADES

Características caóticas del funcionamiento de un destilador

En trabajos anteriores se mostró que el funcionamiento de un destilador sometido a calentamiento según el ciclo solar presentaba valores anormalmente altos del coeficiente de transferencia térmica h lo que sugería un funcionamiento de tipo caótico. Esto planteó la necesidad de profundizar el conocimiento de esta característica para optimizar el funcionamiento de dispositivos solares. Con este objetivo se realizaron medidas sobre un destilador en laboratorio con alta frecuencia de muestreo para poner en evidencia, eventualmente, características caóticas. Los resultados permiten identificar frecuencias características en el espectro de Fourier de h y del destilado, analizar la tasa de crecimiento e identificar la presencia de un atractor caótico en el espacio de representación.The operation of a solar still under conditions of solar heating was shown in previous papers. Very high values of the heat transfer coefficient h were obtained suggesting chaotic characteristics. The necesity of a deeper knowledge of this behaviour for optimizing the functioning of solar systems was proposed. With this aim, measurements at high frecuency on a laboratory still were performed to eventually make evident the chaotic characteristics. The results obteined allow to identify characteristics frecuencies in the Fourier spectrum of h and of the distillate, to analyze the growing rate and to identify the presence of a chaotic atractor in the representation space.Asociación Argentina de Energías Renovables y Medio Ambiente (ASADES

On-line and real time cell counting and viability determination for animal cell process monitoring by in situ microscopy

International audienc

Efectos de histéresis en la producción de un destilador

Con el objetivo de optimizar la producción de destilado se realizaron ensayos con un destilador de laboratorio sometido a calentamiento que reproduce el calentamiento solar de día claro, cuyas cubiertas tienen una pendiente de 20º y se compararon con resultados previos obtenidos con una pendiente de 45º. Se observó que tanto el destilado promedio horario como el destilado total diario eran mayores en el caso de mayor pendiente. Se comprobó que la producción depende de la historia del funcionamiento del destilador, mostrando un efecto de histéresis y se analizó la influencia estacional.With the aim of optimizing the distillate production essays were performed on a laboratory still with 20º inclination of the covers, under conditions similar to clear day solar heating. The results were compared with those obtained previously with a 45º slope in the covers. It was observed that the hourly mean distillate as well as the total daily distillate were higher in the case of higher slope and that the still production depends on the history of the functioning of the still, showing an hysteresis effect. The stational influence was analyzed.Asociación Argentina de Energías Renovables y Medio Ambiente (ASADES

Influence of profilin on sensitisation profiles determined by cutaneous tests and IgE to major allergens in polysensitised patients

Background: Profilin sensitisation is considered a diagnostic confounding factor in areas where patients are exposed to multiple pollens. The aim of this study is to assess pollen sensitisation profiles in adults and children and to evaluate, by means of component-resolved diagnosis (CRD) and skin prick testing (SPT), which pollens may be considered as risk factors of profilin sensitisation in order to establish the best diagnostic approach in polysensitised patients. Methods: A total of 231 pollen-allergic patients (adults and children) were included, out of the pollen season, from an area with similar levels of pollen exposure. Allergological diagnosis was performed by SPT and determination of specific IgE (sIgE) to major allergen components (ADVIA-Centaur™). Patients had not received immunotherapy in the last 5 years and had to reside in the area for 5 consecutive years before entering the study. Results: The relation between sensitisation measured by SPT and by sIgE was studied using a model of cases (patients with +sIgE to a specific allergen) and controls (patients with -sIgE to the same allergen). The outcome, in terms of odds-ratios (OR), was statistically significant for Olea (Ole e 1) (p = 0.0005), Salsola (Sal k 1) (p = 0.0118) and Platanus (Pla a 1+ 2) (p = 0.0372). While positivity of SPT to most pollens was statistically associated with a risk of profilin sensitisation, by CRD the association was statistically significant only for Ole e 1 (OR 3.5, CI 95 %, 1.6-7.6, p = 0.0014), and Phl p 5 (OR 11.9, CI 95 %, 4.1-35.2, p < 0.001). When analysing this association using a logistic regression model, Phl p 5 was the only allergen associated with the risk of being sensitised to profilin (p = 0.0023). Conclusions: In patients sensitised to profilin, the concordance between SPT and CRD is much lower than in those not sensitised to profilin. CRD is able to provide refined information about which pollens increase the risk of sensitisation to profilin

Mental health data available in representative surveys conducted in Latin America and the Caribbean countries: a scoping review

Background: Mental health data from Latin America and the Caribbean countries (LACC) national and international surveys are essential for public health surveillance. This review aimed to identify and describe available mental health survey data in LACC, providing access details for researchers. // Methods: Our study was a scoping review. The search for available mental health survey data was conducted in PubMed and through grey literature searches, and the search dates were between 26 August 2021 and 15 October 2021. Included survey data were/had (1) nationally representative, (2) the latest version available from 2012 onward, (3) collected in at least one LACC and (4) at least one mental health variable or related factor. We accepted all written languages, including Spanish and English. // Results: A total of 56 national and 13 international surveys were included, with data available on 95 mental health variables classified into 10 categories. Most national surveys were performed in upper-middle-income countries. Variables categorised as ‘Substance use’ and ‘Violence’ were the most frequent. Mexico and Colombia had the highest production in both the national and international surveys. The main target population was the adult population. However, there are several mental health topics and LACC yet unsurveyed. // Conclusion: We identified a total of 69 representative surveys from LACCs since 2012. We categorised the available data on mental health variables into 10 categories, and provided technical details to facilitate the future selection and use of these surveys

Protocol of good practices in positive parentality. Its elaboration and pilot study

La Guía de Buenas Prácticas en Parentalidad Positiva está dirigida a los servicios y a los y las profesionales que desarrollan su tarea en las áreas de Servicio Social, Educación, Salud, Justicia, o en alguna otra área donde se trabaje desarrollando labores de asesoramiento, orientación, intervención o apoyo a las familias. Contiene como instrumento principal un Protocolo de Buenas Prácticas que recoge aquellos aspectos que caracterizan el quehacer profesional y el servicio de apoyo a las familias que son relevantes desde el enfoque de la parentalidad positiva y que pueden ser objeto de mejora. Las posibilidades de mejora de la práctica profesional y del servicio se exploran en tres ámbitos de contenido claramente interconectados: A) Características de los servicios de apoyo a las familias y cultura organizacional; B) Proceso del trabajo profesional con las familias, y C) Uso de programas basados en evidencias dirigidos a las familias. Se señala el proceso de elaboración y aplicación del protocolo de buenas prácticas y los resultados obtenidos en el estudio piloto. El uso del protocolo ha permitido identificar muchas buenas prácticas relacionadas con los tres ámbitos, resultando útil su aplicación en dispositivos y servicios muy diferentes. Además, su uso ha resaltado la importancia de centrarse en la familia, destacando sus fortalezas en lugar de sus deficiencias. Por último, la evaluación positiva del protocolo online presenta una gran unanimidad entre los profesionales a la hora de juzgar su pertinencia y utilidad en la valoración de la calidad de los servicios de atención a la infancia, adolescencia y familia.The Guide to Good Practices in Positive Parenting is aimed at the services and professionals who carry out their work in the areas of Social Service, Education, Health, Justice, or in some other area where they work to develop counseling, guidance, intervention or support for families. It contains as a main instrument a Protocol of Good Practices that includes those aspects that characterize the professional task and the service of support to the families that are relevant from the approach of the positive parenthood and that can be object of improvement. The possibilities for improving professional practice and service are explored in three clearly interconnected areas of content: A) Characteristics of support services for families and organizational culture; B) Process of professional work with families, and C) Use of evidence-based programs aimed at families. The process of elaboration and application of the protocol of good practices and the results obtained in the pilot study is indicated. The use of the protocol has allowed identifying many good practices related to the three areas, being useful to be applied in very different devices and services, the importance of focusing on the family, strengths, rather than their deficiencies and greater unanimity was obtained time to judge the relevance and usefulness of the electronic evaluation too

Estudios globales sobre el cadmio en relación con Theobroma cacao: Un análisis bibliométrico desde Scopus (1996 -2020)

The maximum cadmium tolerance standards were established by the European Union in 2014, for the importation of cocoa-based products, causing concern in the countries. Global studies on&nbsp;Theobroma cacao&nbsp;research related to cadmium activity in the atmosphere were analyzed. Bibliometric analyses in R and VOSviewer programs were used to examine 64 documents published in the Scopus database according to keywords. We identified 811 keywords in the co-occurrence of terms, 5 thematic groups in the bibliographic coupling, 20 institutions as most important affiliations, 20 countries of origin of corresponding authors, 112 institutions in co-authorship network of which 5 are in primary documents, and two groups in thematic similarity in co-citation of documents. The United States leads the scientific production with 11 papers, followed by Colombia (8) and Ecuador (7). In 1996, the first scientific article was registered for the network, with increases of up to 11 publications by 2020. In conclusion, the need to strengthen and create more research networks between countries, institutions, authors, and co-authors is evident. It is hoped that the results will allow a comprehensive unraveling of the cadmium-cocoa research trajectory, while at the same time yielding new prospective research.En el año 2014, la Unión Europea impuso estándares máximos de tolerancia en cadmio, para la importación de productos a base de cacao, causando preocupación en los países. Se analizó estudios globales referidos a investigaciones en Theobroma cacao, relacionados con la actividad del cadmio en la atmósfera. Se utilizaron análisis bibliométricos en los programas R y VOSviewer, para examinar 64 documentos publicados en la base de datos Scopus según palabras clave. Se identificaron 811 palabras clave en coocurrencias de términos, 5 grupos temáticos en acoplamiento bibliográfico, 20 instituciones como afiliaciones más importantes, 20 países de procedencia de autores corresponsales, 112 instituciones en red de coautoría de los cuales 5 están en documentos primarios, y dos grupos en similaridad temática en co-citación de documentos. Estados Unidos lidera la producción científica con 11 documentos, seguido de Colombia (8) y Ecuador (7). En 1996 se registró el primer artículo científico para la red, con incrementos de hasta 11 publicaciones al 2020. En conclusión, se evidencia la necesidad de fortalecer y crear más redes de investigaciones entre países, instituciones, autores y coautores. Se espera que los resultados permitan desentrañar de manera integral la trayectoria de investigaciones cadmio-cacao, al tiempo que arrojen nuevas investigaciones prospectivas