General theory of measurement with two copies of a quantum state

We analyze the possible results of the most general measurement on two copies of a quantum state. We show that $\mu$ can label a set of outcomes of such measurement if and only if there is a family of completely co--positive (ccP) maps $C_\mu$ such that the probability of occurrence $Prob(\mu)$ is the fidelity of the map $C_\mu$, i.e. $Prob(\mu)= Tr(\rho C_\mu(\rho))$ which must add up to the fully depolarizing map. This implies that a POVM on two copies induces a measure on the set of ccP maps (i.e., a ccPMVM). We present examples of ccPMVM's and discuss their tomographic applications showing that two copies of a state provide an exponential improvement in the efficiency of quantum state tomography. This enables the existence of an efficient universal detector.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figur

Complex networks vulnerability to module-based attacks

In the multidisciplinary field of Network Science, optimization of procedures for efficiently breaking complex networks is attracting much attention from practical points of view. In this contribution we present a module-based method to efficiently break complex networks. The procedure first identifies the communities in which the network can be represented, then it deletes the nodes (edges) that connect different modules by its order in the betweenness centrality ranking list. We illustrate the method by applying it to various well known examples of social, infrastructure, and biological networks. We show that the proposed method always outperforms vertex (edge) attacks which are based on the ranking of node (edge) degree or centrality, with a huge gain in efficiency for some examples. Remarkably, for the US power grid, the present method breaks the original network of 4941 nodes to many fragments smaller than 197 nodes (4% of the original size) by removing mere 164 nodes (~3%) identified by the procedure. By comparison, any degree or centrality based procedure, deleting the same amount of nodes, removes only 22% of the original network, i.e. more than 3800 nodes continue to be connected after thatComment: 8 pages, 8 figure

Leptostracans (Crustacea: Phyllocarida) from mud volcanoes at the Gulf of Cadiz (NE Atlantic) with description of a new species of Sarsinebalia Dahl, 1985

Three leptostracan species (Crustacea: Phyllocarida) are reported from mud volcanoes at the Moroccan margin of the Gulf of Cadiz (NE Atlantic). Nebalia strausi Risso, 1826 and N. abyssicola Fage, 1929 were found in experimentally deployed organic substrates in Mercator, Meknès and Darwin mud volcanoes; N. abyssicola was also found among bathymodiolin bivalves and is recorded for the first time in the Atlantic Ocean. The third species was collected from the Gemini mud volcanoes and is described herein as Sarsinebalia ledoyeri sp. nov. The new species is characterised by having the eyes provided with ommatidia and lacking pigment, the ventral margin of the eye is concave along distal half, the antennular scale is more than twice as long as wide, the second article of the mandibular palp bears one seta on lateral surface about 0.5 times as long as the article and one subterminal seta longer than the third article, the distal article of the maxilla II endopod is about 1.8 times as long as the proximal article, the maxilla II exopod is clearly longer than the endopod proximal article, the lateral margin of the pleopod I exopod lacks setae and the posterodorsal border of pleonites VI–VII is provided with rounded to pointed denticles

Bag of Tricks for Long-Tail Visual Recognition of Animal Species in Camera-Trap Images

Camera traps are a method for monitoring wildlife and they collect a large number of pictures. The number of images collected of each species usually follows a long-tail distribution, i.e., a few classes have a large number of instances, while a lot of species have just a small percentage. Although in most cases these rare species are the ones of interest to ecologists, they are often neglected when using deep-learning models because these models require a large number of images for the training. In this work, a simple and effective framework called Square-Root Sampling Branch (SSB) is proposed, which combines two classification branches that are trained using square-root sampling and instance sampling to improve long-tail visual recognition, and this is compared to state-of-the-art methods for handling this task: square-root sampling, class-balanced focal loss, and balanced group softmax. To achieve a more general conclusion, the methods for handling long-tail visual recognition were systematically evaluated in four families of computer vision models (ResNet, MobileNetV3, EfficientNetV2, and Swin Transformer) and four camera-trap datasets with different characteristics. Initially, a robust baseline with the most recent training tricks was prepared and, then, the methods for improving long-tail recognition were applied. Our experiments show that square-root sampling was the method that most improved the performance for minority classes by around 15%; however, this was at the cost of reducing the majority classes' accuracy by at least 3%. Our proposed framework (SSB) demonstrated itself to be competitive with the other methods and achieved the best or the second-best results for most of the cases for the tail classes; but, unlike the square-root sampling, the loss in the performance of the head classes was minimal, thus achieving the best trade-off among all the evaluated methods

Revised phylogenetic relationships within the Drosophila buzzatii species cluster (Diptera: Drosophilidae: Drosophila repleta group) using genomic data

The Drosophila buzzatii cluster is a South American clade that encompasses seven closely related cactophilic species and constitutes a valuable model system for evolutionary research. Though the monophyly of the cluster is strongly supported by molecular, cytological and morphological evidence, phylogenetic relationships within it are still controversial. The phylogeny of the D. buzzatii cluster has been addressed using limited sets of molecular markers, namely a few nuclear and mitochondrial genes, and the sharing of fxed chromosomal inversions. However, analyses based on these data revealed inconsistencies across markers and resulted in poorly resolved basal branches. Here, we revise the phylogeny of the D. buzzatii cluster based on a large transcriptomic dataset of 813 kb obtained from four members of this cluster: D. antonietae, D. borborema, D. buzzatii and D. koepferae, using the close relative D. mojavensis (also a member of the repleta group) as outgroup. Our phylogenomic analyses confrm that D. buzzatii is sister to the other six members of the cluster and, though incomplete lineage sorting likely obstructs phylogenetic resolution among these six species, allowed us to recover a novel topology. Divergence time estimates date the radiation of the cluster to the recent upper Pleistocene with most speciation events compressed to the last 500,000 years.Fil: Hurtado, Juan Pablo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución; ArgentinaFil: Cunha Almeida, Francisca. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución; ArgentinaFil: Revale, Santiago. University of Oxford; Reino UnidoFil: Hasson, Esteban Ruben. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución; Argentin

Revised phylogenetic relationships within the Drosophila buzzatii species cluster (Diptera: Drosophilidae: Drosophila repleta group) using genomic data

The Drosophila buzzatii cluster is a South American clade that encompasses seven closely related cactophilic species and constitutes a valuable model system for evolutionary research. Though the monophyly of the cluster is strongly supported by molecular, cytological and morphological evidence, phylogenetic relationships within it are still controversial. The phylogeny of the D. buzzatii cluster has been addressed using limited sets of molecular markers, namely a few nuclear and mitochondrial genes, and the sharing of fxed chromosomal inversions. However, analyses based on these data revealed inconsistencies across markers and resulted in poorly resolved basal branches. Here, we revise the phylogeny of the D. buzzatii cluster based on a large transcriptomic dataset of 813 kb obtained from four members of this cluster: D. antonietae, D. borborema, D. buzzatii and D. koepferae, using the close relative D. mojavensis (also a member of the repleta group) as outgroup. Our phylogenomic analyses confrm that D. buzzatii is sister to the other six members of the cluster and, though incomplete lineage sorting likely obstructs phylogenetic resolution among these six species, allowed us to recover a novel topology. Divergence time estimates date the radiation of the cluster to the recent upper Pleistocene with most speciation events compressed to the last 500,000 years.Fil: Hurtado, Juan Pablo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución; ArgentinaFil: Cunha Almeida, Francisca. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución; ArgentinaFil: Revale, Santiago. University of Oxford; Reino UnidoFil: Hasson, Esteban Ruben. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución; Argentin

Flexural behaviour of brick masonry retrofitted with braided textile meshes

The vulnerability of unreinforced masonry walls (URM) under seismic events, causing huge loss of money and human lives, has revealed the enormous need for an efficient strengthening material. In this context, the present paper reports the development of a new reinforcing material for masonry walls based on braided fibrous structures. These fibrous materials were developed through braiding of polyester yarns around a core made of either glass fiber (core reinforced braid). Masonry walls were fabricated by placing these braided materials on the surface of clay brick walls in a mesh like configuration and covering with a mortar layer. This technique is designated as reinforced textile mortar retrofitting technique.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT

Generació automàtica de resums de textos especialitzats: experimentacions en llengua catalana

En aquest article presentem un nou algoritme per al resum automàtic de textos especialitzats, que combina recursos terminològics (l'ús de l'extractor de termes YATE) i semàntics (consulta de l'ontologia lèxica EuroWordNet). Apliquem l'algoritme a un corpus de textos mèdics en català i n'avaluem els resums automàtics produïts, amb el sistema FRESA, tot comparant-los amb sengles resums baseline i amb els resums d'un altre resumidor automàtic, el sistema OTS. L'algoritme proposat obté prou bons resultats, però el potencial de millora és, segons el nostre parer, molt alt.In this article we present a new algorithm for the automatic summarisation of specialized texts, which combines terminological resources (YATE as a terminology extractor) and semantic resources (EuroWordNet as a lexical ontology). We apply this algorithm to a corpus of medical texts in Catalan and we evaluate the automatic summaries produced with the system FRESA, comparing them with baseline summaries and with results of another automatic summary system, the OTS. The new algorithm yields adequate results, but the potential for improvement is, in our view, very high