Supervisión del Transporte Mediante Sistema de Comunicación CANbus.

El presente articulo pretende fijar y determinar de modo preciso las características que debe tener y los requerimientos que debe cumplir una ECU que supervise el transporte de frutas y hortalizas en contenedores de transporte internacional

Review. Monitoring the intermodal, refrigerated transport of fruit using sensor networks

Most of the fruit in Europe is transported by road, but the saturation of the major arteries, the increased demand for freight transport, and environmental concerns all indicate there is a need to change this means of transport. A combination of transport modes using universal containers is one of the solutions proposed: this is known as intermodal transport. Tracking the transport of fruit in reefer containers along the supply chain is the means by which product quality can be guaranteed. The integration of emerging information technologies can now provide real-time status updates. This paper reviews the literature and the latest technologies in this area as part of a national project. Particular emphasis is placed on multiplexed digital communication technologies and wireless sensor networks

Analysis of repoductive seasonality in Entrepelado and Retinto Iberian pig varieties under intensive management

[EN] Seasonal patterns in the farrowing distribution of two Iberian pig varieties (Retinto and Entrepelado) and its environmental and genetic sources of variation were analyzed within the context of a von Mises circular mixed model solved through Bayesian inference. Estimates about the dispersion parameter supported a low seasonal pattern for both Entrepelado and Retinto varieties with the farrowing peak located between March and April. Nevertheless, seasonality was corroborated by the deviance information criterion when comparing against a uniform circular model by the deviance information criterion (DIC); the uniform model increased more than 100 DIC units in both Iberian pig varieties. Regarding systematic effects, only the parity number of the sow had a relevant impact on farrowing distribution, advancing the farrowing peak in gilts and old sows. Genetic variability was only suggested in the Retinto population although with a small estimate, which would indicate little chance to modify farrowing distribution by genetic selection in the Iberian pig.Research supported by projects CGL2016-80155-R and IDI20170304, and a fellowship granted to M. Martin de Hijas-Villalba (BES-2017-080596) by Spain's Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad.Martin De Hijas-Villalba, M.; Varona, L.; Ibáñez-Escriche, N.; Pablo Rosas, J.; Luis Noguera, J.; Casellas, J. (2021). Analysis of repoductive seasonality in Entrepelado and Retinto Iberian pig varieties under intensive management. Livestock Science. 245:1-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2021.1044411424

Desarrollo de Sistemas para la Supervisión Multi Distribuida de la Carga en Transportes Frigoríficos Intermodales.

El transporte de mercancías se realiza sobre producto paletizado existiendo distintos tipos de bases paletizables: Europalet P8 (1000 X 800), palet PÍO (1200X 1000 mm), CHEP (Commonwealth Handling Equipment Pool 1160 X 1160 mm) y el palet australiano o AUF (1100 X 1100 mm); la Tabla 1resume la capacidad de los distintos contenedores empleados en varios medios de transporte: marítimo(buques porta contenedores), terrestre, ferroviario

Análisis térmico de un contenedor de transporte internacional

En este trabajo, hemos realizado diversos ensayos con el objetivo de caracterizar un contenedor de transporte internacional reefer 20'. Los experimentos han consistido en realizar mediciones de la variación de temperatura en el interior del contenedor, utilizando el equipo de frío en los modos de funcionamiento en continuo y discontinuo. Además, hemos caracterizado nuestro contenedor con el equipo de refrigeración desconectado. Para ello se ha instalado una malla de sondas de temperatura Pt100 en las paredes y techo del contenedor

Maternal Transmission Ratio Distortion in two Iberian pig varieties

[EN] Transmission ratio distortion (TRD) is defined as the allele transmission deviation from the heterozygous parent to the offspring from the expected Mendelian genotypic frequencies. Although TRD can be a confounding factor in genetic mapping studies, this phenomenon remains mostly unknown in pigs, particularly in traditional breeds (i.e., the Iberian pig). We aimed to describe the maternal TRD prevalence and its genomic distribution in two Iberian varieties. Genotypes from a total of 247 families (dam and offspring) of Entrepelado (n = 129) and Retinto (n = 118) Iberian varieties were analyzed. The offspring were sired by both ungenotyped purebred Retinto and Entrepelado Iberian boars, regardless of the dam variety used. After quality control, 16,246 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the Entrepelado variety and 9744 SNPs in the Retinto variety were analyzed. Maternal TRD was evaluated by a likelihood ratio test under SNP-by-SNP, adapting a previous model solved by Bayesian inference. Results provided 68 maternal TRD loci (TRDLs) in the Entrepelado variety and 24 in the Retinto variety (q < 0.05), with mostly negative TRD values, increasing the transmission of the minor allele. In addition, both varieties shared ten common TRDLs. No strong evidence of biological effects was found in genes with TRDLs. However, some biological processes could be affected by TRDLs, such as embryogenesis at different levels and lipid metabolism. These findings could provide useful insight into the genetic mechanisms to improve the swine industry, particularly in traditional breeds.The Spanish Government funded this research, grants number CGL2016-80155-R, and IDI-20170304Vazquez-Gomez, M.; Martín De Hijas-Villalba, M.; Varona, L.; Ibáñez-Escriche, N.; Rosas, JP.; Negro, S.; Noguera, JL.... (2020). 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(2020). Piglet birthweight and sex affect growth performance and fatty acid composition in fatty pigs. Animal Production Science, 60(4), 573. doi:10.1071/an18254Laval, G., Iannuccelli, N., Legault, C., Milan, D., Groenen, M. A., Giuffra, E., … Ollivier, L. (2000). Genetic diversity of eleven European pig breeds. Genetics Selection Evolution, 32(2), 187. doi:10.1186/1297-9686-32-2-187Fabuel, E., Barragán, C., Silió, L., Rodríguez, M. C., & Toro, M. A. (2004). Analysis of genetic diversity and conservation priorities in Iberian pigs based on microsatellite markers. Heredity, 93(1), 104-113. doi:10.1038/sj.hdy.6800488Alonso, I., Ibáñez-Escriche, N., Noguera, J. L., Casellas, J., Martín de Hijas-Villalba, M., Gracia-Santana, M. J., & Varona, L. (2020). Genomic differentiation among varieties of Iberian pig. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 18(1), e0401. doi:10.5424/sjar/2020181-15411Ibáñez-Escriche, N., Magallón, E., Gonzalez, E., Tejeda, J. F., & Noguera, J. L. (2016). 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Effect of an active video game intervention combined with multicomponent exercise for cardiorespiratory fitness in children with overweight and obesity: randomized controlled trial

Background: Childhood overweight and obesity have become major global health problems and are negatively related with the cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) level in school children and adolescents. Exercise, specifically multicomponent training, is effective for CRF improvement, but the main challenge is to ensure adherence to exercise in children with overweight and obesity. Therefore, new ways of exercising that are more attractive and motivational for this population are needed and playing or training with active video games (AVGs) has been proposed as an effective alternative because they require full-body movement and therefore increase energy expenditure. Objective: The main aim of this study was to investigate the effects of an AVG intervention combined with multicomponent training on CRF at maximal and submaximal intensities in children with overweight or obesity. Methods: We recruited 28 children (13 girls and 15 boys) aged 9 to 11 years with overweight or obesity from medical centers and divided them into 2 groups, an intervention group (n=20) that participated in a 5-month supervised AVG exercise program combined with multicomponent exercise, and a control group (n=8) that continued daily activities without modification. A maximal stress test to measure CRF using a walking-graded protocol with respiratory gas exchange was performed by the participants. Results: The AVG group showed a significant decrease in heart rate and oxygen uptake for the same intensities in the submaximal stages of the maximal treadmill test, as well as a lower oxygen uptake percentage according to the individual maximal oxygen uptake, whereas the control group did not show overall changes. No change in the peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) was found. Conclusions: A 5-month AVG intervention combined with multicomponent exercise had positive effects on CRF at submaximal intensity, showing a lower heart rate and oxygen uptake at the same intensities and displaying a lower oxygen uptake percentage according to the individual (VO2peak). Greater benefits were found in children with the highest fat percentage.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04418713; https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT0441871

Genomic differentiation among varieties of Iberian pig

[EN] Aim of study: The objective of this study was to identify the autosomal genomic regions associated with genetic differentiation between three commercial strains of Iberian pig. Area of study: Extremadura (Spain). Material and methods: We used the Porcine v2 BeadChip to genotype 349 individuals from three varieties of Iberian pig (EE, Entrepelado; RR, Retinto; and TT, Torbiscal) and their crosses. After standard filtering of the Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) markers, 47, 67, and 123 haplotypic phases from EE, RR, and TT origins were identified. The allelic frequencies of 31,180 SNP markers were used to calculate the fixation index (FST) that were averaged in sliding windows of 2Mb. Main results: The results confirmed the greater genetic closeness of the EE and RR varieties, and we were able to identify several genomic regions with a divergence greater than expected. The genes present in those genomic regions were used to perform an Overrepresentation Enrichment Analysis (ORA) for the Gene Ontology (GO) terms for biological process. The ORA indicated that several groups of biological processes were overrepresented: a large group involving morphogenesis and development, and others associated with neurogenesis, cellular responses, or metabolic processes. These results were reinforced by the presence of some genes within the genomic regions that had the highest genomic differentiation. Research highlights: The genomic differentiation among varieties of the Iberian pig is heterogeneous along the genome. 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Detecting Cryptojacking Web Threats: An Approach with Autoencoders and Deep Dense Neural Networks

With the growing popularity of cryptocurrencies, which are an important part of day-to-day transactions over the Internet, the interest in being part of the so-called cryptomining service has attracted the attention of investors who wish to quickly earn profits by computing powerful transactional records towards the blockchain network. Since most users cannot afford the cost of specialized or standardized hardware for mining purposes, new techniques have been developed to make the latter easier, minimizing the computational cost required. Developers of large cryptocurrency houses have made available executable binaries and mainly browser-side scripts in order to authoritatively tap into users’ collective resources and effectively complete the calculation of puzzles to complete a proof of work. However, malicious actors have taken advantage of this capability to insert malicious scripts and illegally mine data without the user’s knowledge. This cyber-attack, also known as cryptojacking, is stealthy and difficult to analyze, whereby, solutions based on anti-malware extensions, blocklists, JavaScript disabling, among others, are not sufficient for accurate detection, creating a gap in multi-layer security mechanisms. Although in the state-of-the-art there are alternative solutions, mainly using machine learning techniques, one of the important issues to be solved is still the correct characterization of network and host samples, in the face of the increasing escalation of new tampering or obfuscation techniques. This paper develops a method that performs a fingerprinting technique to detect possible malicious sites, which are then characterized by an autoencoding algorithm that preserves the best information of the infection traces, thus, maximizing the classification power by means of a deep dense neural network