Synthesis, characterization and biomedical applications of microbial polymalic and polyglutamic acids derivatives

In the rapidly changing scientific world, contributions of scientists and engineers are leading to major new solutions of significant medical problems. Biology and medicine are beginning to reduce the problems of disease to problems of molecular science, and are creating new opportunities for treating and curing disease. Such advances are coupled closely with advances in biomaterials and are leading to a variety of approaches for relieving suffering and prolonging life.Of particular interest is the central position that materials especially biopolymers, have taken in the development of novel treatments over the last 30 years. Biopolymers are used in many biomedical and pharmaceutical preparations, they play a central role in extracorporeal devices; from contact lenses to kidney dialyzers, are essential components of implants; from vascular grafts to cardiac pacemakers, and are the basis of controlled drug delivery technology; from hydrogels to micro and nanoparticles.In the last few years, novel synthetic techniques have been used to impart desirable chemical, physical, and biological properties to biomaterials. Materials have either been synthesized directly, so that desirable chain segments or functional groups are built into the material, or indirectly, by chemical modification of existing structures to add desirable segments or functional groups.Polymeric biomaterials can be produced by copolymerizations of conventional monomers to achieve nearly monodisperse polymers. It is possible to produce polymers containing specific hydrophilic or hydrophobic entities or biodegradable repeating units.One interesting strategy to develop multitalented biomaterials is the biosynthesis of polymers because these macromolecules have several advantages like: biological resorbability, hydrodegradability, absence of immunogenicity, and appropriately high molecular mass. The chemical derivatizability of these polymers allows the formation of several products with a wide range of properties

Pairing Binge Drinking and a High-Fat Diet in Adolescence Modulates the Inflammatory Effects of Subsequent Alcohol Consumption in Mice

Alcohol binge drinking (BD) and poor nutritional habits are two frequent behaviors among many adolescents that alter gut microbiota in a pro-inflammatory direction. Dysbiotic changes in the gut microbiome are observed after alcohol and high-fat diet (HFD) consumption, even before obesity onset. In this study, we investigate the neuroinflammatory response of adolescent BD when combined with a continuous or intermittent HFD and its effects on adult ethanol consumption by using a self-administration (SA) paradigm in mice. The inflammatory biomarkers IL-6 and CX3CL1 were measured in the striatum 24 h after BD, 3 weeks later and after the ethanol (EtOH) SA. Adolescent BD increased alcohol consumption in the oral SA and caused a greater motivation to seek the substance. Likewise, mice with intermittent access to HFD exhibited higher EtOH consumption, while the opposite effect was found in mice with continuous HFD access. Biochemical analyses showed that after BD and three weeks later, striatal levels of IL-6 and CX3CL1 were increased. In addition, in saline-treated mice, CX3CL1 was increased after continuous access to HFD. After oral SA procedure, striatal IL-6 was increased only in animals exposed to BD and HFD. In addition, striatal CX3CL1 levels were increased in all BD- and HFD-exposed groups. Overall, our findings show that adolescent BD and intermittent HFD increase adult alcohol intake and point to neuroinflammation as an important mechanism modulating this interaction.021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland

Plan de auditoría para el programa de auditoría interna en base a la norma ISO 22000:2018 de productos alimenticios estrella gourmet

ANEXO 1 - Programa de auditoria para el Sistema de Gestión de calidad e Inocuidad basado en la norma ISO 22000:2018Este trabajo describe como se realiza una auditoria basándose en los lineamientos de la norma ISO 22000:2018 en la empresa Productos Alimenticios Estrella Gourmet dedicada a la producción de salsas y encurtidos que ha venido implementando y ajustándose en el Plan HACCP - Norma ISO 22000:2018 y el tema ambiental con la norma ISO 14001:2015. Al desarrollar la actividad se logran observar algunos hallazgos de la organización que se deben tener en cuenta para garantizar la inocuidad de los productos allí elaborados. Para ello, se han realizado auditorías las cuales se han soportado en el diseño de programas de auditoría, teniendo en cuenta acciones de verificación del estado del sistema de gestión y así lograr la implementación del sistema ISO 22000:2018 en Productos Alimenticios Estrella Gourmet. Palabras clave: Auditoria, producción, inocuidad, gestión, calidad.This work describes how an audit is carried out based on the guidelines of the ISO 22000:2018 standard in the company Productos Alimenticios Estrella Gourmet dedicated to the production of sauces and pickles that has been implementing and adjusting to the HACCP Plan - ISO 22000:2018 Standard and the environmental issue with the ISO 14001:2015 standard. When developing the activity, it is possible to observe some findings of the organization that must be taken into account to guarantee the safety of the products produced there. For this, audits have been carried out which have been supported in the design of audit programs, taking into account actions to verify the status of the management system and thus achieve the implementation of the ISO 22000:2018 system in Estrella Gourmet Food Products. Keywords: Audit, production, safety, management, quality

Infectious Diseases, Social, Economic and Political Crises, Anthropogenic Disasters and Beyond: Venezuela 2019 – Implications for Public Health and Travel Medicine

During last months, there have been a significant increase in the evidences showing the catastrophic health situation in Venezuela. There are multiple epidemics, increase in emerging and reemerging infectious, tropical and parasitic diseases as consequences of the social, economic and political crises, which would be considered today a clearly anthropogenic disaster. Venezuela is facing in 2019, the worse sanitary conditions, with multiple implications for public health and travel medicine. So far, from a global perspective, this situation will be an impediment for the achievement of the sustainable development goals (SDG) in 2030. In this multiauthor review, there is a comprehensive analysis of the situation for infectious diseases, non-communicable diseases, their impact in the Americas region, given the migration crisis as well as the comparative status of the SDG 2030. This discussion can provide input for prioritizing emerging health problems and establish a future agenda

Infectious Diseases, Social, Economic and Political Crises, Anthropogenic Disasters and Beyond: Venezuela 2019 – Implications for Public Health and Travel Medicine

During last months, there have been a significant increase in the evidences showing the catastrophic health situation in Venezuela. There are multiple epidemics, increase in emerging and reemerging infectious, tropical and parasitic diseases as consequences of the social, economic and political crises, which would be considered today a clearly anthropogenic disaster. Venezuela is facing in 2019, the worse sanitary conditions, with multiple implications for public health and travel medicine. So far, from a global perspective, this situation will be an impediment for the achievement of the sustainable development goals (SDG) in 2030. In this multiauthor review, there is a comprehensive analysis of the situation for infectious diseases, non-communicable diseases, their impact in the Americas region, given the migration crisis as well as the comparative status of the SDG 2030. This discussion can provide input for prioritizing emerging health problems and establish a future agenda

Experiencias docentes en tiempo de pandemia

El texto Experiencias docentes en tiempo de pandemia está estructurado en dos partes: 1. Discusiones necesarias sobre la educación superior en tiempo de pandemia. 2. Prácticas docentes en época de pandemia expresadas a través del relato. En la primera parte, se presenta un conjunto de nueve artículos que buscan fundamentar teóricamente la situación actual de la educación conforme a las circunstancias que estamos viviendo, de manera que: Robert Fernando Bolaños Vivas, en su artículo La filosofía de la Educación ante la crisis sanitaria COVID-19, una oportunidad de humanización, considera que la crisis sanitaria de la COVID-19 ha puesto de manifesto la profunda crisis humana que pone a prueba la calidad de los seres humanos, razón por la cual el autor intenta demostrar la deficiente respuesta antropológica a las complejas exigencias y complejidades de la crisis sanitaria provocada por la COVID- 19, en este sentido, en el artículo reflexiona sobre la dimensión de la alteridad, la historicidad y la temporalidad humana

The Caldera. No. 23

La pandemia, sin lugar a dudas, nos ha cambiado la vida a todos; un viernes nos fuimos para nuestros hogares, en el marco de una educación presencial; al lunes siguiente, después de dos días, estábamos iniciando el camino hacia una educación remota, una educación virtual, que se ha convertido en una gran alternativa para seguir contribuyendo con la formación de nuestros niños y jóvenes caldistas y al mejoramiento de nuestra calidad de vida que halla, en la educación, nuevamente la respuesta; han sido meses de cambios drásticos, inimaginables pero, cambios positivos que nos han permitido crecer como individuos, como familia, como escuela y como sociedad.Especial pandemia. Una generación Resiliente por promoción DINASTIA…06 VII Concurso Intercolegiado departamental de Oratoria. Ulibro 2020…51 Deporte en el Caldas…64 Expresiones Caldistas…71 Celebremos la palabra…93 Nuestros Maestros…102 Galería de Imágenes…107The pandemic, without a doubt, has changed the lives of all of us; One Friday we went to our homes, as part of a face-to-face education; The following Monday, after two days, we were starting the path towards a remote education, a virtual education, which has become a great alternative to continue contributing to the training of our children and young Caldistas and to the improvement of our quality of life. that finds, in education, the answer again; They have been months of drastic changes, unimaginable but positive changes that have allowed us to grow as individuals, as a family, as a school and as a society

Estudio hidrológico en las comunas 3 y 4 de la ciudad de san José de Cúcuta y su relación entre la expansión urbanística y los caudales de escorrentía en los últimos 50 años

Este proyecto realizó un estudio hidrológico en las comunas 3 y 4 de la ciudad de san José de Cúcuta y su relación entre la expansión urbanística y los caudales de escorrentía en los últimos 50 años. Para ello, se realizó una investigación documental con un diseño descriptivo-exploratorio con un enfoque cuantitativo y cualitativo (Mixto). Los dos enfoques resultan fructíferos. Para la recolección de información se utilizaron instrumentos como la observación, entrevistas y un cuestionario. Como población esta conformada por dos tipos de población; una compuesta por los documentos e información que puedan aportar entidades como CORPONOR, Infraestructura Municipal de Cúcuta, el IGAC y el IDEAM. El muestreo corresponde a los habitantes de las comunas 3 y 4, correspondiente a 114.111 hab., en total, distribuidos así: 64.644 hab., de la comuna 3, y 49.467 hab., de la comuna 4. Se realizó, un estudio hidrológico en las comunas 3 y 4 de la ciudad de San José de Cúcuta y su relación entre la expansión urbanística y los caudales de escorrentía en los últimos 50 años. Se logró, buscar y analizar información primaria y secundaria del contexto espacial y temporal del proyecto. Seguidamente, se determinó la percepción de las comunidades que habitan en la zona de estudio en los últimos 50 años. Posteriormente, se identificaron las zonas vulnerables de afectación de aguas lluvias en las comunas 3 y 4. Finalmente, se plantearon soluciones técnicas para evitar afectaciones con el incremento de caudales de aguas lluvias por la expansión urbana.PregradoIngeniero(a) Civi

Thermal degradation and theoretical interpretation of vibrational spectra of poly (beta,L-malic acid)

Poly (β,l-malic acid) (PMLA) was obtained by Physarum polycephalum. The FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra were recorded experimentally and used for normal mode analysis using Wilson GF matrix method and phonon dispersion of PMLA. The non redundant set of internal coordinate are simplified. Urey-Bradley force field approximation was employed in normal mode analysis and to calculate the potential energy distribution (PED) of each fundamental vibration. Apart from detailed assignment, various characteristic features of dispersion curve have also been explained, arising due to internal symmetry in energy momentum space. Predictive values of the intramolecular contribution to the heat capacity of this polymer calculated by the density of states, are also been reported. The thermal degradation of PMLA was investigated in nitrogen atmosphere by thermogravimetric analysis in combination with DTA and FT-IR. The spectra of gases found in the thermal degradation of PMLA are very much similar to the spectra of gases released during decomposition of fumaric acid.Peer Reviewe