A Survey on 5G Usage Scenarios and Traffic Models

The fifth-generation mobile initiative, 5G, is a tremendous and collective effort to specify, standardize, design, manufacture, and deploy the next cellular network generation. 5G networks will support demanding services such as enhanced Mobile Broadband, Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communications and massive Machine-Type Communications, which will require data rates of tens of Gbps, latencies of few milliseconds and connection densities of millions of devices per square kilometer. This survey presents the most significant use cases expected for 5G including their corresponding scenarios and traffic models. First, the paper analyzes the characteristics and requirements for 5G communications, considering aspects such as traffic volume, network deployments, and main performance targets. Secondly, emphasizing the definition of performance evaluation criteria for 5G technologies, the paper reviews related proposals from principal standards development organizations and industry alliances. Finally, well-defined and significant 5G use cases are provided. As a result, these guidelines will help and ease the performance evaluation of current and future 5G innovations, as well as the dimensioning of 5G future deployments.This work is partially funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (project TEC2016-76795-C6-4-R)H2020 research and innovation project 5G-CLARITY (Grant No. 871428)Andalusian Knowledge Agency (project A-TIC-241-UGR18)

Asynchronous Time-Sensitive Networking for Industrial Networks

Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) is expected to be a cornerstone in tomorrow’s industrial networks. That is because of its ability to provide deterministic quality-of-service in terms of delay, jitter, and scalability. Moreover, it enables more scalable, more affordable, and easier to manage and operate networks compared to current industrial networks, which are based on Industrial Ethernet. In this article, we evaluate the maximum capacity of the asynchronous TSN networks to accommodate industrial traffic flows. To that end, we formally formulate the flow allocation problem in the mentioned networks as a convex mixed-integer non-linear program. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, neither the maximum utilization of the asynchronous TSN networks nor the formulation of the flow allocation problem in those networks have been previously addressed in the literature. The results show that the network topology and the traffic matrix highly impact on the link utilization.This work has been partially funded by the H2020 research and innovation project 5G-CLARITY (Grant No. 871428), national research project TRUE5G: PID2019-108713RB-C5

5G Infrastructure Network Slicing: E2E Mean Delay Model and Effectiveness Assessment to Reduce Downtimes in Industry 4.0

This work has been partially funded by the H2020 project 5G-CLARITY (Grant No. 871428) and the Spanish national project TRUE-5G (PID2019-108713RB-C53).Fifth Generation (5G) is expected to meet stringent performance network requisites of the Industry 4.0. Moreover, its built-in network slicing capabilities allow for the support of the traffic heterogeneity in Industry 4.0 over the same physical network infrastructure. However, 5G network slicing capabilities might not be enough in terms of degree of isolation for many private 5G networks use cases, such as multi-tenancy in Industry 4.0. In this vein, infrastructure network slicing, which refers to the use of dedicated and well isolated resources for each network slice at every network domain, fits the necessities of those use cases. In this article, we evaluate the effectiveness of infrastructure slicing to provide isolation among production lines (PLs) in an industrial private 5G network. To that end, we develop a queuing theory-based model to estimate the end-to-end (E2E) mean packet delay of the infrastructure slices. Then, we use this model to compare the E2E mean delay for two configurations, i.e., dedicated infrastructure slices with segregated resources for each PL against the use of a single shared infrastructure slice to serve the performance-sensitive traffic from PLs. Also we evaluate the use of Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) against bare Ethernet to provide layer 2 connectivity among the 5G system components. We use a complete and realistic setup based on experimental and simulation data of the scenario considered. Our results support the effectiveness of infrastructure slicing to provide isolation in performance among the different slices. Then, using dedicated slices with segregated resources for each PL might reduce the number of the production downtimes and associated costs as the malfunctioning of a PL will not affect the network performance perceived by the performance-sensitive traffic from other PLs. Last, our results show that, besides the improvement in performance, TSN technology truly provides full isolation in the transport network compared to standard Ethernet thanks to traffic prioritization, traffic regulation, and bandwidth reservation capabilities.H2020 project 5G-CLARITY 871428Spanish Government PID2019-108713RB-C53TRUE-5

Oral mucosal peeling related to dentifrices and mouthwashes : a systematic review

The aim of this systematic review was to summarise the clinical information available about oral mucosal peeling (OMP) and to explore its aetiopathogenic association with dentifrices and mouthwashes. PICOS outline: Population: subjects diagnosed clinically and/or pathologically. Intervention: exposition to oral hygiene products. Comparisons: patients using products at different concentrations. Outcomes: clinicopathological outcomes (primary) and oral epithelial desquamation (secondary) after use. Study design: any. Exclusion criteria: reports on secondary or unpublished data, in vitro studies. Data were independently extracted by two reviewers. Fifteen reports were selected from 410 identified. Descriptive studies mainly showed low bias risk, experimental studies mostly an ?unclear risk?. Dentifrices or mouthwashes were linked to OMP, with an unknown origin in 5 subjects. Sodium lauryl-sulphate (SLS) was behind this disorder in 21 subjects, tartar-control dentifrices in 2, and flavouring agents in 1 case. Desquamation extension was linked to SLS concentration. Most cases were painless, leaving normal mucosa after desquamation. Tartar-control dentifrices caused ulcerations more frequently. OMP management should consider differential diagnosis with oral desquamative lesions, particularly desquamative gingivitis, with a guided clinical interview together with pathological confirmation while discouraging the use of the product responsible for OMP

Caracterización mineralógica y textural del yacimiento de zeolitas de "Los Murcianos" (Cabo de Gata, Almería). Resultados preliminares

Depto. de Mineralogía y PetrologíaFac. de Ciencias GeológicasTRUEpu

Análisis del funcionamiento adecuado de la poliza global bancaria para el Banco La FISE Bancentro S.A para el año 2018

La póliza global bancaria es una temática muy extensa y única en protección de todas las operaciones bancarias realizadas de manera nacional e internacional. Dicha investigación su objetivo es la aplicación en banco LAFISE BANCENTRO S.A para el año 2018, en este período el banco ha sido elegido como el banco de mejor rating crediticio. Por lo que se usa como base elemental los acuerdos de Basilea los cuales se desarrollaron por las distintas crisis bancarias, los efectos que han sido el resultado de la misma evolución, cambios y ajustes a los distintos escenarios que ha sufrido la banca. El estudio desarrollado en esta investigación es cualitativa, ya que se abarcan las distintas coberturas realizadas por los aseguradores ante los riesgos sean estos en materia natural o por caso fortuito, se usó el análisis de expertos, informes, libros y monografías como bases para el desarrollo de este tema, aunque a nivel interno no existen fuentes, a nivel externo y específicamente en países como Colombia y Ecuador dicho tema está un paso delante de nuestra banca nacional y las medidas de protección. Para que las instituciones financieras puedan reducir sus riesgos deberán implementar sistemas basados en evaluación de todos los riesgos, consolidar los distintos controles internos, y establecer medidas de corrección, capacitación y aplicación sobre las pólizas bancarias. En Nicaragua no existe una norma que exija a los bancos a la adquisición de una póliza pero si establece que los bancos deberán reportar todas sus actividades ante los entes reguladores. El sistema financiero de nuestro país está dando pasos a la estandarización internacional de manera que en un futuro próximo los bancos sean estos en el orden individual o de grupos financieros nacionales o extranjeros deberán adquirir dichas pólizas por el grado de importancia de manera globa

Metallo-Liposomes of Ruthenium Used as Promising Vectors of Genetic Material

Gene therapy is a therapeutic process consisting of the transport of genetic material into cells. The design and preparation of novel carriers to transport DNA is an important research line in the medical field. Hybrid compounds such as metallo-liposomes, containing a mixture of lipids, were prepared and characterized. Cationic metal lipids derived from the [Ru(bpy)3]2+ complex, RuC11C11 or RuC19C19, both with different hydrophobic/lipophilic ratios, were mixed with the phospholipid DOPE. A relation between the size and the molar fraction α was found and a multidisciplinary study about the interaction between the metallo-liposomes and DNA was performed. The metallo-liposomes/DNA association was quantified and a relationship between Kapp and α was obtained. Techniques such as AFM, SEM, zeta potential, dynamic light scattering and agarose gel electrophoresis demonstrated the formation of lipoplexes and showed the structure of the liposomes. L/D values corresponding to the polynucleotide's condensation were estimated. In vitro assays proved the low cell toxicity of the metallo-liposomes, lower for normal cells than for cancer cell lines, and a good internalization into cells. The latter as well as the transfection measurements carried out with plasmid DNA pEGFP-C1 have demonstrated a good availability of the Ru(II)-based liposomes for being used as non-toxic nanovectors in gene therapy.España Consejería de Educación y Ciencia de la Junta de Andalucía (Proyecto de Excelencia P12-FQM-1105, FQM-206 and FQM-274, and PI-0005-2018)España,, Universidad de Sevilla, VI Plan Propio Universidad de Sevilla (PP2018-10338)España Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (RTI2018-100692-B-I00

Integrated, reliable and cloud-based personal health record: a scoping review.

Personal Health Records (PHR) emerge as an alternative to integrate patient’s health information to give a global view of patients' status. However, integration is not a trivial feature when dealing with a variety electronic health systems from healthcare centers. Access to PHR sensitive information must comply with privacy policies defined by the patient. Architecture PHR design should be in accordance to these, and take advantage of nowadays technology. Cloud computing is a current technology that provides scalability, ubiquity, and elasticity features. This paper presents a scoping review related to PHR systems that achieve three characteristics: integrated, reliable and cloud-based. We found 101 articles that addressed thosecharacteristics. We identified four main research topics: proposal/developed systems, PHR recommendations for development, system integration and standards, and security and privacy. Integration is tackled with HL7 CDA standard. Information reliability is based in ABE security-privacy mechanism. Cloud-based technology access is achieved via SOA.CONACYT - Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y TecnologíaPROCIENCI

Factors related to late stage diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma

Aims: To identify factors related to advanced-stage diagnosis of oral cancer to disclose high-risk groups and facilitate early detection strategies. Study design: An ambispective cohort study on 88 consecutive patients treated from January 1998 to December 2003. Inclusion criteria: pathological diagnosis of OSCC (primary tumour) at any oral site and suffering from a tumour at any TNM stage. Variables considered: age, gender, smoking history, alcohol usage, tumour site, macroscopic pattern of the lesion, co-existing precancerous lesion, degree of differentiation, diagnostic delay and TNM stage. Results: A total of 88 patients (mean age 60±11.3; 65.9% males) entered the study. Most patients (54.5%) suffered no delayed diagnosis and 45.5% of the carcinomas were diagnosed at early stages (I-II). The most frequent clinical lesions were ulcers (70.5%). Most cases were well- and moderately-differentiated (91%). Univariate analyses revealed strong associations between advanced stages and moderate-poor differentiation (OR=4.2; 95%CI=1.6-10.9) or tumour site (floor of the mouth (OR=3.6; 95%CI=1.2-11.1); gingivae (OR=8.8; 95%CI=2.0-38.2); and retromolar trigone (OR=8.8; 95%CI=1.5-49.1)). Regression analysis recognised the site of the tumour and the degree of differentiation as significantly associated to high risk of late-stage diagnosis. Conclusions: Screening programmes designed to detect asymptomatic oral cancers should be prioritized. Educational interventions on the population and on the professionals should include a sound knowledge of the disease presentation, specifically on sites like floor of the mouth, gingivae and retromolar trigone. More studies are needed in order to analyse the part of tumour biology on the extension of the disease at the time of diagnosis. © Medicina Oral S. L

Interaction with touchscreen smartphones in patientswith essential tremor and healthy individuals.

tremorAbstractIntroduction: Smartphone use in biomedical research is becoming more prevalent in differ-ent clinical settings. We performed a pilot study to obtain information on smartphone use bypatients with essential tremor (ET) and healthy controls, with a view to determining whetherperformance of touchscreen tasks is different between these groups and describing touchscreeninteraction factors.Method: A total of 31 patients with ET and 40 sex- and age-matched healthy controls com-pleted a descriptive questionnaire about the use of smartphones. Participants subsequentlyinteracted with an under-development Android application, and performed 4 tests evaluatingtypical touchscreen interaction gestures; each test was performed 5 times.Result: The type of smartphone use and touchscreen interaction were not significantly differ-ent between patients and controls. Age and frequency of smartphone use are key factors intouchscreen interaction.Conclusion: Our results support the use of smartphone touchscreens for research into ET,although further studies are required.pre-print1030 K