Cana de açúcar no cenário energético tocantinense: influência da adubação química sobre variáveis agroindustriais

A implantação do experimento ocorreu em área cultivada com cana de açúcar pela Usina de produção de açúcar e bioenergia, do Grupo Bunge, no município de Pedro Afonso/TO. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 5x2, com quatro repetições, sendo 5 variedades de cana (RB935744, RB867515, RB928064, CTC 15 e SP83-5073) e  2 níveis de adubação ( nível 1 e nível 2), a saber: Nível 01: A adubação utilizada foi 25 kg ha-1 de N, 150 kg ha-1 de P e 100 kg ha-1 de K + 0,3% de Boro e 0,5% de Zn, sem fosfatagem no plantio; Nível 02: Utilizou-se fosfatagem com 220 kg de Superfosfato Triplo, utilizando fosfatos parcialmente solúveis após aração, ao passo que a adubação de plantio foi realizada com 50% a mais da dose, sendo 37 kg ha-1 de N, 225 kg ha-1 de P e 150 kg ha-1 de K+ 0,45% de Boro e 0,75% de Zn. Neste trabalho foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros de rendimento de campo: O TCH (total de cana por hectare) e o ATR (Açúcares Totais Recuperáveis). Foram avaliados também parâmetros industriais: PCC, Pza, Pol e °Brix. Os resultados demonstraram que não houve diferenças entre os níveis de adubação, portanto a adubação básica é economicamente mais viável. A variedade SP83-5073 apresentou o melhor resultado em toneladas de ATR por hectare

Milling of the Phosphate Rock Flotation Circuit Circulating Load Aiming Production Increase and Iron Content Reduction in the Final Concentrate

Phosphorus has its main application in the production of phosphoric acid, being the apatite series its main ore. The Brazilian main phosphorus reserves are igneous, as is the case of Catalão alkaline dome, were Copebras/CMOC International has operations. The content of P2O5 in the ROM has been reduced over the years and, as a consequence, the content of the contaminants in the concentrate, produced by flotation, which enhances the difficulty in the phosphoric acid production. Only traces of arsenic, iron, and heavy metals can be present in high-purity phosphoric acid. The circulating load of the Copebras’ phosphate rock flotation circuit was submitted to bench scale flotation tests with addition of a milling step were carried out in order to increase the recovery of P2O5 and the reduction of the Fe2O3 content to values below 5%. Samples were collected from the flow composed by the scavenger concentrate and cleaner tail, with d95 \u3c208 \u3eμm and average content of 26.2% of P2O5 and 13% of Fe2O3 (6% hematite, 5% goethite, 1% magnetite, and 1% ilmenite) and comminuted in a pilot pant rod mill. Three samples with different d95 (2O3 content (for the sample with d95 \u3c150 \u3eμm). The industrial implementation of a milling stage of the flotation circulation load and a subsequent flotation of this material has the potential to increase the overall process efficiency by approximately 5.5%, resulting in a production increase of 62,000 tons/year of phosphate rock concentrate, with higher quality than the one currently produced. The phosphate rock flotation tailings feeds a niobium processing plant, a co-product of extreme importance due to its economic value. The proposed circuit increased the niobium liberation degree and its content in the produced tailings, which will probably lead to a higher recovery of the same

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

ATLANTIC-PRIMATES: a dataset of communities and occurrences of primates in the Atlantic Forests of South America

Primates play an important role in ecosystem functioning and offer critical insights into human evolution, biology, behavior, and emerging infectious diseases. There are 26 primate species in the Atlantic Forests of South America, 19 of them endemic. We compiled a dataset of 5,472 georeferenced locations of 26 native and 1 introduced primate species, as hybrids in the genera Callithrix and Alouatta. The dataset includes 700 primate communities, 8,121 single species occurrences and 714 estimates of primate population sizes, covering most natural forest types of the tropical and subtropical Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina and some other biomes. On average, primate communities of the Atlantic Forest harbor 2 ± 1 species (range = 1–6). However, about 40% of primate communities contain only one species. Alouatta guariba (N = 2,188 records) and Sapajus nigritus (N = 1,127) were the species with the most records. Callicebus barbarabrownae (N = 35), Leontopithecus caissara (N = 38), and Sapajus libidinosus (N = 41) were the species with the least records. Recorded primate densities varied from 0.004 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta guariba at Fragmento do Bugre, Paraná, Brazil) to 400 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta caraya in Santiago, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil). Our dataset reflects disparity between the numerous primate census conducted in the Atlantic Forest, in contrast to the scarcity of estimates of population sizes and densities. With these data, researchers can develop different macroecological and regional level studies, focusing on communities, populations, species co-occurrence and distribution patterns. Moreover, the data can also be used to assess the consequences of fragmentation, defaunation, and disease outbreaks on different ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, species invasion or extinction, and community dynamics. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this Data Paper when the data are used in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using the data. © 2018 by the The Authors. Ecology © 2018 The Ecological Society of Americ

The complete genome sequence of Chromobacterium violaceum reveals remarkable and exploitable bacterial adaptability

Chromobacterium violaceum is one of millions of species of free-living microorganisms that populate the soil and water in the extant areas of tropical biodiversity around the world. Its complete genome sequence reveals (i) extensive alternative pathways for energy generation, (ii) ≈500 ORFs for transport-related proteins, (iii) complex and extensive systems for stress adaptation and motility, and (iv) wide-spread utilization of quorum sensing for control of inducible systems, all of which underpin the versatility and adaptability of the organism. The genome also contains extensive but incomplete arrays of ORFs coding for proteins associated with mammalian pathogenicity, possibly involved in the occasional but often fatal cases of human C. violaceum infection. There is, in addition, a series of previously unknown but important enzymes and secondary metabolites including paraquat-inducible proteins, drug and heavy-metal-resistance proteins, multiple chitinases, and proteins for the detoxification of xenobiotics that may have biotechnological applications