Producción científica de los Institutos y Centro de Investigación de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos

Objectives: To determine research production at the Faculty of Medicine, UNMSM. Design: Retrospective, observational, transversal type study. Setting: Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru. Participants: Seven research institutes and one investigation center investigators. Interventions: Study of investigator cards elaborated by the Faculty of Medicine Research Unit and filled by members of the Andean Biology, Experimental Surgery, Ethics in Health, Clinical Investigations, Tropical Medicine, and Pathology Research Institutes as well as by Biochemistry and Nutrition Investigation Centre members. Data analysis used Epi- Info system version 3.5.1 and Anova statistical model for analysis of variance. Main outcome measures: Scientific investigations and publications. Results: From the 116 members of the six Research Institutes/Centre only 54 from five Institutes and the Centre filled the investigator card and reported they had done 659 investigations during the six-year period and published an average of two investigations per investigator-year; 19% never published during the period studied. There was no significant difference of investigators gender, academic degree, teaching hours, profession or Institute/Centre, but members of one Institute seemed to investigate more. Conclusions: Docents-researchers filling the card reported 659 investigations between 2004-2009 averaging two investigations per researcher-year. One of the Institutes seemed to have done more research. Nineteen per cent of the investigators did not publish during those years and those publishing did it seven times more in national than international journals.Objetivos: Determinar la producción científica de los investigadores de la Facultad de Medicina, UNMSM, y la publicación de sus investigaciones, durante los años 2004-2009. Diseño: Estudio retrospectivo, observacional, de corte transversal. Institución: Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú. Participantes: Investigadores de los seis Institutos de Investigación y un Centro de Investigación. Intervenciones: Evaluación de las fichas del investigador elaboradas por la Unidad de Investigación de la Facultad y llenadas por los investigadores de los Institutos de Investigación de Biología Andina, Cirugía Experimental, Ética en Salud, Investigaciones Clínicas, Medicina Tropical, Patología y el Centro de Investigación en Bioquímica y Nutrición, de la Facultad de Medicina. Para el análisis de datos de empleó el sistema Epi-Info versión 3.5.1 y el modelo estadístico Anova para el análisis de varianza. Principales medidas de resultados: Investigaciones realizadas y publicadas durante los años 2004-2009. Resultados: De los 116 docentes investigadores de los seis Institutos y un centro de investigación, solo llenaron la ficha del investigador 54, de cinco Institutos y el centro, quienes señalaron que habían realizado 659 trabajos de investigación durante los seis años, siendo el promedio dos investigaciones por investigador-año. Publicaron un total de 393 artículos, que representó un promedio de 7,2 por investigador durante los seis años de estudio y 1,2 por investigador-año; 343 (87,3%) investigaciones fueron publicadas en revistas nacionales y 50 (12,7%) en revistas internacionales; 76% de quienes respondieron aseguró que alguna de sus publicaciones había tenido impacto, principalmente en salud. Diecinueve por ciento de los investigadores no realizó publicación alguna en dicho lapso. No hubo diferencia significativa del género del investigador, grado académico, clase docente, profesión o membresía en alguno de los Institutos/Centro, aunque el promedio de investigaciones del Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas fue mayor al resto. Conclusiones: Entre 2004 y 2009, los docentes-investigadores de la Facultad de Medicina realizaron 659 trabajos de investigación, con un promedio de dos investigaciones por investigador-año. Diecinueve por ciento de los investigadores no realizó publicación alguna en dicho lapso, y quienes publicaron lo hicieron siete veces más en revistas nacionales que en internacionales

Pseudoaneurisma del ventrículo izquierdo. Reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura

El pseudoaneurisma ventricular se define como la ruptura miocárdica cuyo proceso hemorrágico queda contenido por el pericardio adherido a dicha zona. La ruptura de este constituye una complicación grave que genera fallo circulatorio y de no ser diagnosticado y corregido oportunamente puede conllevar a la muerte. Aunque secundario a varias causas, la más frecuente es como complicación mecánica del infarto del miocardio. Se presenta el caso de un hombre que acude al Servicio de Cardiología totalmente asintomático con motivo de evaluación pre-quirúrgica de cirugía mayor, donde al realizar el ecocardiograma encontramos el hallazgo de un pseudoaneuriama del ventrículo izquierdo. Proponemos la revisión del diagnóstico ecocardiográfico y el tratamiento quirúrgico de esta afección.

Patterns of sedentary behavior in overweight and moderately obese users of the Catalan primary-health care system

Background and objectives Prolonged sitting time (ST) has negative consequences on health. Changing this behavior is paramount in overweight/obese individuals because they are more sedentary than those with normal weight. The aim of the study was to establish the pattern of sedentary behavior and its relationship to health, socio-demographics, occupation, and education level in Catalan overweight/obese individuals. Methods A descriptive study was performed at 25 healthcare centers in Catalonia (Spain) with 464 overweight/moderately obese patients, aged25 to 65 years. Exclusion criteria were chronic diseases which contraindicated physical activity and language barriers. Face-to-face interviews were conducted to collect data on age, gender, educational level, social class, and marital status. Main outcome was ‘sitting time’ (collected by the Marshall questionnaire); chronic diseases and anthropometric measurements were registered. Results 464 patients, 58.4% women, mean age 51.9 years (SD 10.1), 76.1% married, 60% manual workers, and 48.7% had finished secondary education. Daily sitting time was 6.2 hours on working days (374 minutes/day, SD: 190), and about 6 hours on non-working ones (357 minutes/day, SD: 170). 50% of participants were sedentary 6 hours. The most frequent sedentary activities were: working/academic activities around 2 hours (128 minutes, SD: 183), followed by watching television, computer use, and commuting. Men sat longer than women (64 minutes more on working days and 54 minutes on non-working days), and individuals with office jobs (91 minutes), those with higher levels of education (42 minutes), and younger subjects (25 to 35 years) spent more time sitting. Conclusions In our study performed in overweight/moderately obese patients the mean sitting time was around 6 hours which was mainly spent doing work/academic activities and watching television. Men, office workers, individuals with higher education, and younger subjects had longer sitting time. Our results may help design interventions targeted at these sedentary patients to decrease sitting time.

Características de la comunidad vegetal del humedal de Tambo de Mora Chincha, Ica Perú

Se estudió las características de la comunidad vegetal del humedal de Tambo de Mora en la provincia de Chincha en el departamento de Ica. Los objetivos fueron: realizar un inventario florístico, establecer las comunidades vegetales, estimar la diversidad florística, reconocer las formas de crecimiento y conocer el estado de conservación de vegetación. Se utilizó el software PAST 3.24 para establecer las comunidades vegetales mediante el Análisis de Correspondencia. Para la diversidad florística se calculó el índice de Simpson, la riqueza de especies con el índice de Margalef, la diversidad con el índice de Shannon Wienner y la Equitatibidad de Pielou. Se clasificó las formas de crecimiento según Whittaker (1975). El estado de conservación se determinó a partir la lista roja de especies amenazadas de la Unión Internacional para la Conservación de la Naturaleza (UICN). La cobertura vegetal se calculó a partir de la fórmula correspondiente. Se registró 29 especies de flora vascular de las cuales Thypha domingensis es usada para elaborar artesanías. Se establecieron 4 comunidades vegetales: Typhal, Gramadal, Matorral de Tessaria y Vega mixta. La Vega mixta es la comunidad dominante y la de mayor cobertura; Gramadal presenta mayor diversidad. Predomina la forma de crecimiento tipo hierba. Se encontró 17 categorizadas como de Preocupación menor en la UICN, de las cuales 12 son consideradas nativas. Se concluye que la riqueza de especies y diversidad es baja; se proponen 4 tipos de comunidades vegetales, predominando las hierbas. Un número importante de especies están incluidas en la UICN. Palabras claves: Inventario, comunidad, diversidad, forma de crecimiento, estado de conservación

Estrategia marina demarcación marina levantino-balear parte IV. Descriptores del buen estado ambiental. Descriptor 1: biodiversidad evaluación inicial y buen estado ambiental

El descriptor 1 de la Ley 41/2010 de protección del medio marino, trasposición a la ley española de la Directiva Marco sobre la Estrategia Marina (DMEM: 2008/56/CE) dice textualmente "Se mantiene la biodiversidad. La calidad y la frecuencia de los hábitats y la distribución y abundancia de las especies están en consonancia con las condiciones fisiográficas, geográficas y climáticas". Según el Convenio sobre la Diversidad Biológica (UNCED, 1992), ésta se define como: "La variabilidad de organismos vivos de cualquier fuente, incluidos, entre otras cosas, los ecosistemas terrestres y marinos y otros ecosistemas acuáticos y los complejos ecológicos de los que forman parte; comprende la diversidad dentro de cada especie, entre especies y de los ecosistemas"

Innovación y mejora docente en TFG de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales 2016-2017

El objetivo de este proyecto es poner en contacto los intereses de las empresas con los temas a desarrollar en un trabajo fin de grado (TFG) en la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales de la Universidad de Sevilla. Para ello, se diseña una web que facilite la solicitud de los temas que puedan interesar a las empresas. Una vez solicitado el tema, este se puede asignar a los alumnos que este curso van a realizar su TFG. Los resultados obtenidos, ponen de manifiesto un importante interés inicial de las empresas por este proyecto que se manifiesta en el número de solicitudes que se han formalizado, a pesar del poco tiempo que lleva funcionando la web. Asimismo, los alumnos que están participando en el proyecto elaborando su TFG para cubrir la demanda de un tema propuesto por una empresa, se muestran ilusionados. Entre las propuestas de cara al futuro destacan la inclusión de otros departamentos en el proyecto y la posibilidad de ofertar estos TFG a todos los alumnos de la facultad en función del expediente académico. Gracias a este proyecto se facilita la transferencia de conocimiento entre Universidad-Empresa y se favorece el contacto del alumno con la realidad empresarial

Biofunctionalization of hydrogel-based scaffolds for vascular tissue regeneration

Congenital and acquired tissular losses due to disease or trauma are a major world health problem. Regenerative therapy aims to fix damaged tissues by directing the natural capacity of a host organism to use biofunctionalized artificial tissue scaffolds. These three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds can be customized with cells and/or bioactive molecules to induce cellular homing and angiogenesis, essential to ensure successful tissue regeneration. Hydrogels (HGs) scaffolds are networks of hydrophilic homopolymers, copolymers, and/or macromers with chemical and biological activities that enhance their cell colonization. The use of HGs in regenerative medicine has shown to be advantageous since HGs can be prepared under clinical-grade conditions and tailored to the specific needs of the replaced tissue. They can be made to emulate native extracellular matrices (ECMs) including physical, mechanical, and chemical cues and resilience properties. These customized HGs can reproduce the natural hygroscopic capacity of the original tissue which improves cellular anchoring, nutrition, and waste disposal. They can enable host molecular and cellular modification conducive to a natural cellular microenvironment, modifying the properties of the scaffold, and improving chemotaxis, cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, differentiation, and angiogenesis; HGs can be created and biofunctionalized with linked growth factors and synthetic peptides tailored to positively influence scaffold colonization and functional biocompatibility. This review aims to collect the most relevant information regarding biofunctionalization of HGs used for vascular tissue regeneration, their biological effects, and their clinical implications. While most biofunctionalized HGs are still under investigation, some of them have been studied in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo with promising results. In this regard, in vivo studies have shown that biofunctionalized scaffolds with peptides such as chitosan hydrogel with LL-37 promotes angiogenesis and healing of pressure ulcers. Also, the GHK tripeptide is widely used in trials focused on guided tissue remodeling

Applied diagnostics in liver cancer. Efficient combinations of sorafenib with targeted inhibitors blocking AKT/mTOR

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. There is increasing interest in developing specific markers to serve as predictors of response to sorafenib and to guide targeted therapy. Using a sequencing platform designed to study somatic mutations in a selection of 112 genes (HepatoExome), we aimed to characterize lesions from HCC patients and cell lines, and to use the data to study the biological and mechanistic effects of case-specific targeted therapies used alone or in combination with sorafenib. We characterized 331 HCC cases in silico and 32 paired samples obtained prospectively from primary tumors of HCC patients. Each case was analyzed in a time compatible with the requirements of the clinic (within 15 days). In 53% of the discovery cohort cases, we detected unique mutational signatures, with up to 34% of them carrying mutated genes with the potential to guide therapy. In a panel of HCC cell lines, each characterized by a specific mutational signature, sorafenib elicited heterogeneous mechanistic and biological responses, whereas targeted therapy provoked the robust inhibition of cell proliferation and DNA synthesis along with the blockage of AKT/mTOR signaling. The combination of sorafenib with targeted therapies exhibited synergistic anti-HCC biological activity concomitantly with highly effective inhibition of MAPK and AKT/mTOR signaling. Thus, somatic mutations may lead to identify case-specific mechanisms of disease in HCC lesions arising from multiple etiologies. Moreover, targeted therapies guided by molecular characterization, used alone or in combination with sorafenib, can effectively block important HCC disease mechanisms.FUNDING: Grants from ISCIII, co-financed by the European Union (FEDER) (PI16/00156), Ramón and Cajal research program from MINECO (RYC-2013-14097) and FUNDACIÓN LUCHAMOS POR LA VIDA to JPV. Grants from ISCIII (RD06/0020/0107-RD012/0036/0060) to MAP. Grant from ISCIII (Ref. PIE15/00079) to JC & JPV. NGD is a recipient of a UC-IDIVAL pre-doctoral fellow. I.V. was also supported by the Ramón and Cajal research program

The Effect of a Physical Activity Program on the Total Number of Primary Care Visits in Inactive Patients: A 15-Month Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract Background: Effective promotion of exercise could result in substantial savings in healthcare cost expenses in terms of direct medical costs, such as the number of medical appointments. However, this is hampered by our limited knowledge of how to achieve sustained increases in physical activity. Objectives: To assess the effectiveness of a Primary Health Care (PHC) based physical activity program in reducing the total number of visits to the healthcare center among inactive patients, over a 15-month period. Research Design: Randomized controlled trial. Subjects: Three hundred and sixty-two (n = 362) inactive patients suffering from at least one chronic condition were included. One hundred and eighty-three patients (n = 183; mean (SD); 68.3 (8.8) years; 118 women) were randomly allocated to the physical activity program (IG). One hundred and seventy-nine patients (n = 179; 67.2 (9.1) years; 106 women) were allocated to the control group (CG). The IG went through a three-month standardized physical activity program led by physical activity specialists and linked to community resources. Measures: The total number of medical appointments to the PHC, during twelve months before and after the program, was registered. Self-reported health status (SF-12 version 2) was assessed at baseline (month 0), at the end of the intervention (month 3), and at 12 months follow-up after the end of the intervention (month 15). Results: The IG had a significantly reduced number of visits during the 12 months after the intervention: 14.8 (8.5). The CG remained about the same: 18.2 (11.1) (P = .002). Conclusions: Our findings indicate that a 3-month physical activity program linked to community resources is a shortduration, effective and sustainable intervention in inactive patients to decrease rates of PHC visits. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT0071483