Caracterización, mediante espectroscopia EPR, de los catalizadores quirales bis (Oxazolina)-Cu soportados en Laponitas

[EN] An Electron Paramagnetic Resonance study of a chiral Bis(oxazoline)-Cu(II) supported in laponite (synthetic hectorite) is presented. It is concluded that the complex is incorporated into the interllamellar space of the clay giving out isolated Cu(II) entities in which the metal is co-ordinated to oxygen or nitrogen atoms with a symmetry practically planar-square, regardless the solvent used. That point out that the chlorine ligands in the complex are exchanged in the incorporation process in agreement with the previous X-ray absorption spectroscopy data, so that the oxygen atoms of the interlayers and clay surface act as counterions.[ES] Se presenta un estudio mediante Resonancia Paramagnética Electrónica del complejo quiral Bis(oxazolina)-Cu(II) soportado en laponita (hectorita sintética) (libre de hierro. Del mismo se concluye que el complejo se incorpora en el espacio interlamelar de la arcilla dando lugar a entidades de Cu(II) aisladas en las cuales el metal se coordina a átomos de oxígenos y nitrógenos con una simetría prácticamente planocuadrada, independientemente del disolvente empleado. Ello indica, de acuerdo con los datos previos de espectroscopia de absorción de rayos-X, que los ligandos cloruro del complejo son intercambiados en el proceso de incorporación de forma que los oxígenos de la superficie interlaminar y externa de la arcilla actúan como contraiones.This work has been partially supported by the CICYT (project MAT99-1176).Peer reviewe

The Iberian Chain: tertiary inversion of a mesozoic intraplate basin

The Mesozoic Iberian basin developed inside the Iberian plate in the eastern end of the Tethys sea. As a result of the Tertiary convergence between the Iberian plate with the European and African plates, the Iberian basin was contractionally inverted, giving rise to the Iberian and Catalan Coastal chains and the surrounding Tertiary basins. The Bouguer anomaly map of the area shows that the Iberian Chain has crustal roots which would have produced during the Tertiary contractional period

Insights into the capping and structure of MoS2 nanotubes as revealed by aberration-corrected STEM

Aberration-corrected electron microscopy (STEM-HAADF) has been used for the first time to understand the capping, nature and structure of the MoS2 nanotubes. The MoS2 nanotubes that have been obtained have various unusual faceted caps presumably arising from the presence of topological defects. A detailed study of the capping of the nanotubes, along with identification that the MoS2 nanotubes are of the zigzag type have been carried out using both experimental and simulated STEM images. The presence of 3R-rhombohedral stacking of the MoS2 nanotubes has been identified

Laponite as carrier for controlled in vitro delivery of dexamethasone in vitreous humor models

Laponite clay is able to retain dexamethasone by simple physisorption, presumably accomplished by hydrogen bonding formation and/or complexation with sodium counterions, as shown by solid state NMR. The physisorption can be somehow modulated by changing the solvent in the adsorption process. This simple system is able to deliver dexamethasone in a controlled manner to solutions used as models for vitreous humor. The proven biocompatibility of laponite as well as its transparency in the gel state, together with the simplicity of the preparation method, makes this system suitable for future in vivo tests of ophthalmic treatment.This study was supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (project PI12/02285) and authors would like to acknowledge the financial support received from Diputación General de Aragón (E11 Group co-financed by the European Regional Development Funds).Peer Reviewe

Consultoría integral en una empresa dedicada a la industria joyera: fabricación y comercialización

En el presente documento que fue elaborado por un ingeniero industrial, un licenciado en administración de empresas y un licenciado en administración financiera se presenta y explica la metodología y procesos que conformaron la Consultoría en una MYPE. El principal objetivo de este proyecto es brindar las herramientas necesarias para la estructuración y consolidación correcta de la Empresa bajo un Modelo de Consultoría implementado por jóvenes universitarios que da origen al nombre de “Consultorías Universitarias” y que es fomentado por el Centro Universidad Empresa del CUE. Se llevó a cabo un análisis de entendimiento del mercado, seguido de un diagnostico donde se detectó a la empresa en un nivel de sobrevivencia, lo que provoca que la organización esté desalineada en el logro de sus objetivos estratégicos. Para fortalecer las áreas de mejora detectadas el equipo se enfocó en realizar estrategias como: alineación total, acompañamiento sobre liderazgo, herramientas contables para la optimización de toma de decisiones, análisis de tiempos y movimientos, restructuración organizacional, se aplicó un modelo canvas para conocer las unidades de negocio, tablero de habilidades para evaluar la productividad del personal, activación de canales de venta, base de datos para el registro de ingresos y egresos, descripciones de puestos y manual de recursos humanos, un focus group, entre otros. Los resultados de dichas implementaciones nos arrojan que la empresa logró tener una visión y estrategia para poder tomar decisiones que vayan apegadas a ellas. los colaboradores trabajan alineados a la visión, se creó consciencia en los jefes de área para asumir sus responsabilidades y con ello trabajar de manera más eficiente, para el logro de los objetivos de la empresa

Supported heteropolyanions as solid counterions for the electrostatic immobilization of chiral copper complexes

Supported ( PW₁₂ O₄₀³⁻ ) is a suitable counterion to immobilize chiral azabis(oxazoline)–copper complexes through electrostatic interactions (ion pair formation). Catalytic results are good to excellent in cyclopropanation reactions (up to 97% ee). Partial leaching during recycling when mono-exchanged species are present, favored by strong coordination of by-products, can be minimized by a proper solvent choice and by optimization of the recycling system, allowing the recovery and reuse of the catalyst at least six times without loss of activity and enantioselectivities in the range of 82–96% ee for trans-cyclopropanes.Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias Aplicada

150 años del descubrimiento del yacimiento cámbrico de Murero (Cadenas Ibéricas, NE España).

The lower-middle Cambrian palaeontological site of Murero (Cadenas Ibéricas, NE Spain) is a classical locality of the Cambrian in Europe. The site was first reported by the French geologist Edouard de Verneuil in 1862, and now it achieves 150 years of geological works contributing to a better knowledge of the Cambrian Period. Murero is an exceptional Lagerstätte because the coexistence of both skeletal and soft-bodied groups along a continuous record of ca. 8 million years, which is subdivided into 14 trilobite zones. Murero was the first palaeontological site in Spain to obtain the highest protection figure (Bien de Interés Cultural, BIC) from the Spanish Administration in 1997. Since then, the educational and social projection of the site is continuously increasing

Habitat selection in terrestrial snails and its applications to heliciculture

Snails are employed as experimental animals in different scientific fields and their growth is a good biological indicator. Growth is mainly determined at a genetic level, although many factors biotic and abiotic may alter growth rates. One of these factors is habitat selection. Nevertheless the knowledge about the cha-racteristics that determines habitat selection are not considered in the design of installations, management of farms or raising snails. In this way, the aim of this paper is synthesize the different components of habitat that influence habitat choice of terrestrial snails. On the other hand, it proposes premises that would be considered in design of installations.El crecimiento de los caracoles terrestres que, además de como animales productivos, se utilizan como animales de experimentación es considerado un buen indicador biológico. Aunque el crecimiento está genéticamente determinado, muchos factores pueden modificarlo, uno de ellos es la selección de hábitat. Sin embargo, los conocimientos sobre las condiciones que la determinan no se suelen incorporar al diseño de instalaciones, manejo de los criaderos o la producción helicícola. En este trabajo se revisan aquellas condiciones que determinan la selección de microhábitat en caracoles terrestres y se proponen medidas que deberían ser consideradas en el diseño de instalaciones