Análisis y comparación de los resultados obtenidos en la aplicación de una metodología gamificada y una tradicional en la asignatura de educación física en bachillerato

Son muchos los estudios que relacionan el alto índice de fracaso escolar con la baja motivación del alumnado durante el proceso de aprendizaje, el cual está directamente asociado con la metodología de enseñanza que el docente utilice. Objetivos: Este estudio compara los efectos que produce la metodología gamificada y la metodología tradicional, en cuanto a motivación durante las sesiones y el rendimiento académico obtenido en la aplicación de estas. Se analiza también la percepción del profesorado, para descubrir la opinión y/o formación que tienen sobre la gamificación. Métodos: Bajo la metodología mixta, se realiza una investigación-acción donde han participado 90 alumnos de bachillerato y dos profesores de Educación física de un centro educativo de Barcelona. Los intrumentos utilizados han sido el cuestionario, el análisis de los documentos (examenes e informes de evaluación), entrevistas, el registro anecdótico y los grupos de discusión. Resultados y discusión: La metodología gamificada obtiene mejores resultados académicos que la metodología tradicional. Ambas metodologías han obtenido resultados positivos en cuanto a la percepción del alumnado, aunque se ha constatado más participación por parte de los alumnos en la gamificada. En cuanto a la motivación, no se han encontrado diferencias significativas entre ambas metodologías. Conclusiones: La metodología gamificada se consolida como una estrategia que mejora el rendimiento académico del alumnado, pero per se no mejora la motivación del alumnado, quedando esta condicionada a la acción docente. La utilización de diferentes metodolgías mejora la eficiencia y la motivación del alumnado en las sesiones de Educación Física

Avances en la inmunosupresión para el trasplante renal. Nuevas estrategias para preservar la función renal y reducir el riesgo cardiovascular

The development of new immunosuppressants for renal transplantation is aimed not only at improving short-term outcomes, but also at achieving better safety, cardiovascular, and metabolic profiles and at decreasing nephrotoxicity. Belatacept is a fusion protein that inhibits T cell activation by binding to CD80 and CD86 antigens. Clinical trials, particularly the BENEFIT and BENEFIT-EXT studies, have shown that belatacept preserves function and structure in renal grafts. The effects of belatacept provide long-term, sustained results, and the safety and efficacy of this drug have been demonstrated in cases of renal transplantation from expanded criteria donors. Compared to calcineurin inhibitors, belatacept is associated with a lower incidence of chronic allograft nephropathy and a more favourable cardiovascular and metabolic profile

Microglial Hemoxygenase-1 Deletion Reduces Inflammation in the Retina of Old Mice with Tauopathy

Tauopathies such as Alzheimer’s disease are characterized by the accumulation of neurotoxic aggregates of tau protein. With aging and, especially, in Alzheimer’s patients, the inducible enzyme heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) progressively increases in microglia, causing iron accumulation, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration. The retina is an organ that can be readily accessed and can reflect changes that occur in the brain. In this context, we evaluated how the lack of microglial HO-1, using mice that do not express HO-1 in microglia (HMO-KO), impacts retinal macro and microgliosis of aged subjects (18 months old mice) subjected to tauopathy by intrahippocampal delivery of AAV-hTauP301L (TAU). Our results show that although tauopathy, measured as anti-TAUY9 and anti-AT8 positive immunostaining, was not observed in the retina of WT-TAU or HMO-KO+TAU mice, a morphometric study of retinal microglia and macroglia showed significant retinal changes in the TAU group compared to the WT group, such as: (i) increased number of activated microglia, (ii) retraction of microglial processes, (iii) increased number of CD68+ microglia, and (iv) increased retinal area occupied by GFAP (AROA) and C3 (AROC3). This retinal inflammatory profile was reduced in HMO-KO+TAU mice. Conclusion: Reduction of microglial HO-1 could be beneficial to prevent tauopathy-induced neuroinflammation.Depto. de Inmunología, Oftalmología y ORLUnidad Docente de Inmunología, Oftalmología y ORLFac. de MedicinaFac. de Óptica y OptometríaTRUEMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovación de EspañaMinisterio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades de EspañaUniversidad Complutense de Madridpu

Improving our own knowledge through analysing an episode from teachers’ practice – different focuses of analysis

Una de las formas esenciales para lograr una mejor comprensión del contenido del conocimiento del profesor está ligada al análisis de su práctica. Esa práctica puede ser encarada de una forma amplia que no se limite sólo a la práctica de clase. Por otro lado, una discusión y reflexión sobre una misma situación de la práctica desde diferentes perspectivas teóricas y metodológicas puede contribuir también a una mejor comprensión no solo de la práctica sino también de los instrumentos metodológicos y teóricos en los que se sustenta el análisis. En esta comunicación presentamos y discutimos parte del trabajo desarrollado en la reunión intermedia del grupo de investigación sobre el conocimiento y desarrollo profesional del profesor de la SEIEM y cuyo foco de atención fue la discusión de las potencialidades del análisis de un mismo episodio desde cinco focos teóricos distintos.One of the core ways allowing obtain an ampler and deeper understanding on the content of teachers’ knowledge concerns analysing teachers’ practices. Such practice can be perceived in a broader way, not limited to classroom practice. On the other side, discussing and reflecting on the same situation with different theoretical and methodological approaches seems to contribute also for obtaining a deeper understanding not only on such practice but also on the used approaches for such analysis. In this paper we present and discuss part of the work developed in the intermeeting of the group research teachers’ knowledge and development of SEIEM concerning the potentialities of analyzing one episode using five different theoretical approaches

Caracterización clínica y neurofisiológica del síndrome de Guillain-Barré en el Hospital Escuela

Background and Objective. In Honduras, between 1989 and 1999, a study aiming to calculate the incidence of Guillain-Barré syndrome and flaccid paralysis in a pediatric population was developed in the Materno-Infantil Hospital. High compared to other studies, the ratio found at the time was 1.37/100.000 cases of Guillain-Barré syndrome per year and 1.89/100.000 cases of flaccid paralysis per year. The objective of this study was to determine the clinical and neurophysiological subtypes found in patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome in a Honduran pediatric and adult population, compared to a healthy control group. Materials and Methods A transversal analytical study with consecutive patients following the criteria from Asbury at el was developed. The 29 patients, who were between the ages of 2 and 55 years, attended the Hospital Escuela and Materno Infantil during February 1, 2007, through August 2008. A clinical and neurophysiological evaluation was performed to the patients and the 58 healthy individuals. Motor function was assessed to the median, ulnar, peroneal, and tibial nerves, as well as the late F-wave response and the H reflex. The sensitive function of the median, ulnar, and sural nerves was evaluated following the technique described by Parano E, Uncini A. et al (9). Results The demyelinating forms presented in 19 patients (65%); the axonal forms in 10 (35%). The former had greater severity and generated more incapacity, 9 of them requiring attention in the Intensive Care Unit resulting in more bed days, compared to the demyelinating forms (p=0,003). Conclusions Similar to studies held at Northern China and Japan, a high incidence of the axonal forms of Guillain-Barré syndrome was found, presenting a greater severity and more bed days compared to the demyelinating forms. Key Words: Guillain-Barré Syndrome; demyelinating; axonal; electrophysiological; electromyography; palsy. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/rct.v0i5.520 Revista Ciencia y Tecnología, No. 5, Segunda época, Diciembre 2009: 66-86En Honduras se realizó entre 1989-1999 un estudio que valoró la incidencia de Guillain-Barré y parálisis flácida en una población pediátrica, en el hospital Materno Infantil obteniendo valores de 1.37/100,000 casos por año para Síndrome de Guillain-Barrè; por otro lado de 1.89/100,000 habitantes por año de parálisis flácida a nivel nacional y hospitalaria. La incidencia fue considerada alta en comparación con otros estudios. El objetivo del presente estudio fue investigar los subtipos clínicos y neurofisiológicos de pacientes con SGB en una población hondureña pediátrica y adulta en Honduras comparado con un grupo control sano. Materiales y Métodos Este es un estudio transversal, analítico con pacientes consecutivos siguiendo los criterios de Asbury et al., en pacientes de 2 a 55 años de edad en el Hospital Escuela y Materno Infantil en el período de 1 febrero 2007 a Agosto 2008, se estudiaron 29 pacientes y 58 controles sanos. Se les realizó la evaluación clínica y neurofisiológica. Se estudiaron los nervios motores Mediano, Ulnar, Peroneo, Tibial y las respuestas tardías onda F y reflejo H; los nervios sensitivos Mediano, Ulnar y Sural con la técnica descrita por Parano E, Uncini A. et al (9). Resultados Las formas desmielinizantes se presentaron en 19 (65%) pacientes y las formas axonales en 10 (35%) de los casos. Estas últimas tuvieron la mayor severidad y discapacidad, así mismo 9 (90%) de los casos requirieron asistencia en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, y un significativo mayor número de días de hospitalización en relación a las formas desmielinizantes p=0.003. Conclusiones Se encontró una alta incidencia de formas axonales del SGB, similar a los datos obtenidos en estudios realizados en el Norte de China y Japón. Presentando una mayor severidad, discapacidad y un incremento de los días de hospitalización en relación a las formas desmielinizantes. Palabras Clave: Guillain-Barré; desmielinizante; axonal; electrofisiológico; electromiografía; parálisis DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/rct.v0i5.520 Revista Ciencia y Tecnología, No. 5, Segunda época, Diciembre 2009: 66-8

Glaucoma: from pathogenic mechanisms to retinal glial cell response to damage

Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease of the retina characterized by the irreversible loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) leading to visual loss. Degeneration of RGCs and loss of their axons, as well as damage and remodeling of the lamina cribrosa are the main events in the pathogenesis of glaucoma. Different molecular pathways are involved in RGC death, which are triggered and exacerbated as a consequence of a number of risk factors such as elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), age, ocular biomechanics, or low ocular perfusion pressure. Increased IOP is one of the most important risk factors associated with this pathology and the only one for which treatment is currently available, nevertheless, on many cases the progression of the disease continues, despite IOP control. Thus, the IOP elevation is not the only trigger of glaucomatous damage, showing the evidence that other factors can induce RGCs death in this pathology, would be involved in the advance of glaucomatous neurodegeneration. The underlying mechanisms driving the neurodegenerative process in glaucoma include ischemia/hypoxia, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. In glaucoma, like as other neurodegenerative disorders, the immune system is involved and immunoregulation is conducted mainly by glial cells, microglia, astrocytes, and Müller cells. The increase in IOP produces the activation of glial cells in the retinal tissue. Chronic activation of glial cells in glaucoma may provoke a proinflammatory state at the retinal level inducing blood retinal barrier disruption and RGCs death. The modulation of the immune response in glaucoma as well as the activation of glial cells constitute an interesting new approach in the treatment of glaucoma

Mejorar nuestro propio conocimiento mediante el análisis de un episodio de la práctica: distintos focos de análisis

Una de las formas esenciales para lograr una mejor comprensión del contenido del conocimiento del profesor está ligada al análisis de su práctica. Esa práctica puede ser encarada de una forma amplia que no se limite sólo a la práctica de clase. Por otro lado, una discusión y reflexión sobre una misma situación de la práctica desde diferentes perspectivas teóricas y metodológicas puede contribuir también a una mejor comprensión no solo de la práctica sino también de los instrumentos metodológicos y teóricos en los que se sustenta el análisis. En esta comunicación presentamos y discutimos parte del trabajo desarrollado en la reunión intermedia del grupo de investigación sobre el conocimiento y desarrollo profesional del profesor de la SEIEM y cuyo foco de atención fue la discusión de las potencialidades del análisis de un mismo episodio desde cinco focos teóricos distintos

Retinal Disorders in Humans and Experimental ALS Models

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rapidly progressive neurodegenerative disease that severely impairs the patient’s mobility, as it mainly affects the upper and lower motor neurons in the spinal cord. In addition, alterations have also been demonstrated in different parts of the central nervous system (CNS), such as the brain and brainstem. The retina is a projection to the brain and is considered as a “window” to the CNS. Moreover, it is possible to use the retina as a biomarker in several neurodegenerative diseases, even in the absence of major visual impairment. Classically, it was thought that the eyes were not affected in ALS, with respect to extraocular muscles, whereas the remainder of the muscles of the body were distressed. Nevertheless, retinal changes have recently been found in this pathology and could help in diagnosis, follow-up, and even monitoring therapies in this disease

Retinal Disorders in Humans and Experimental ALS Models

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rapidly progressive neurodegenerative disease that severely impairs the patient’s mobility, as it mainly affects the upper and lower motor neurons in the spinal cord. In addition, alterations have also been demonstrated in different parts of the central nervous system (CNS), such as the brain and brainstem. The retina is a projection to the brain and is considered as a “window” to the CNS. Moreover, it is possible to use the retina as a biomarker in several neurodegenerative diseases, even in the absence of major visual impairment. Classically, it was thought that the eyes were not affected in ALS, with respect to extraocular muscles, whereas the remainder of the muscles of the body were distressed. Nevertheless, retinal changes have recently been found in this pathology and could help in diagnosis, follow-up, and even monitoring therapies in this disease

Function of glutathione peroxidases in legume root nodules

© The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology.[EN] Glutathione peroxidases (Gpxs) are antioxidant enzymes not studied so far in legume nodules, despite the fact that reactive oxygen species are produced at different steps of the symbiosis. The function of two Gpxs that are highly expressed in nodules of the model legume Lotus japonicus was examined. Gene expression analysis, enzymatic and nitrosylation assays, yeast cell complementation, in situ mRNA hybridization, immunoelectron microscopy, and LjGpx-green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusions were used to characterize the enzymes and to localize each transcript and isoform in nodules. The LjGpx1 and LjGpx3 genes encode thioredoxin-dependent phospholipid hydroperoxidases and are differentially regulated in response to nitric oxide (NO) and hormones. LjGpx1 and LjGpx3 are nitrosylated in vitro or in plants treated with S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO). Consistent with the modification of the peroxidatic cysteine of LjGpx3, in vitro assays demonstrated that this modification results in enzyme inhibition. The enzymes are highly expressed in the infected zone, but the LjGpx3 mRNA is also detected in the cortex and vascular bundles. LjGpx1 is localized to the plastids and nuclei, and LjGpx3 to the cytosol and endoplasmic reticulum. Based on yeast complementation experiments, both enzymes protect against oxidative stress, salt stress, and membrane damage. It is concluded that both LjGpxs perform major antioxidative functions in nodules, preventing lipid peroxidation and other oxidative processes at different subcellular sites of vascular and infected cells. The enzymes are probably involved in hormone and NO signalling, and may be regulated through nitrosylation of the peroxidatic cysteine essential for catalytic function.AS and PBS were the recipients of predoctoral (Formacion de Personal Investigador) and postdoctoral (Marie Curie) contracts, respectively. We thank Martin Crespi for help with in situ RNA hybridization and Simon Avery for sharing the yeast mutant and for helpful advice. This work was supported by Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad-Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (AGL2011-24524 and AGL2014-53717-R). The UMR1136 is supported by a grant overseen by the French National Research Agency (ANR) as part of the 'Investissements d'Avenir' programme (ANR-11-LABX-0002-01, Lab of Excellence ARBRE). MM and KJD acknowledge support within SPP1710. 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