Floristie catalogue of the algae leagued te Lithophyllum lkhenoides Philippi (Rhodophyta, Corullinaceae), ¡u Catalonian coasts

SANGuiS, 11. 1990. Catálogo floristico de las algas ligadas a Liíhoplayllum lichenoides Pbilippi (Rhodophyta, Corallinaceae), en las costas de Cataluña. BoL C'aniplutensis 16: 7-19. Ofrecemos los resultados del estudio floristíco, fenológico y autoecológico que hemos realizado en las costas de Cataluña sobre la comunidad de Litlzophyllum lichenoides Pbilippi. De los 08 táxones encontrados, ¡5 corresponden a Cyanophyta; 67 a Rhodophyta; 9 a Phaeophyta, y 17 a Chlorophyta.SANGuiS, 11. 1990. Catálogo floristico de las algas ligadas a Liíhoplayllum lichenoides Pbilippi (Rhodophyta, Corallinaceae), en las costas de Cataluña. BoL C'aniplutensis 16: 7-19. Ofrecemos los resultados del estudio floristíco, fenológico y autoecológico que hemos realizado en las costas de Cataluña sobre la comunidad de Litlzophyllum lichenoides Pbilippi. De los 08 táxones encontrados, ¡5 corresponden a Cyanophyta; 67 a Rhodophyta; 9 a Phaeophyta, y 17 a Chlorophyta

El Foc com a causant de canvis en les propietat del sòl : incendis forestals i cremes prescrites

L'article ens aproxima als resultats d'un estudi de recerca que es fixa en l'evolució de l'espai públic del barri del Mercadal de Girona, i més concretament en les tres places que s'hi ubiquen: Constitució, Josep Pla i Santa Susanna. Després de vint anys de l'inici de la transformació urbanística del barri, es fa una anàlisi de com aquestes tres places són percebudes i viscudes per les persones que hi habiten, especialment des d'una perspectiva de gènere.El artículo nos aproxima a los resultados de una investigación que se fija en la evolución del espacio público del barrio del Mercadal de Gerona, y más concretamente en las tres plazas que existen: Constitució, Josep Pla y Santa Susanna. Después de veinte años del inicio de la transformación urbanística del barrio, se realiza un análisis sobre como se perciben estas tres plazas y como las viven las personas que las habitan, especialmente desde una perspectiva de género.This paper presents the results of a research project focused in the evolution of the public space of the Mercadal neighborhood of Girona, and more precisely in the three squares that are located there: Constitució, Josep Pla and Santa Susana. After twenty years of urban regeneration in the neighborhood, these three spaces are analyzed from the point of view of the people that live there and experience them, specially from a gender perspective

Evolución temporal de las propiedades del suelo tras el tratamiento de extracción de madera quemada en la Sierra de Mariola

Estudio realizado para evaluar la evolución temporal del suelo de un bosque mediterráneo en la Sierra de Mariola en Alicante, España, cinco años después de sufrir un incendio y haberse aplicado un tratamiento de extracción de madera quemada. Analizando propiedades físicas, químicas y biológicas del suelo se observa una clara degradación en la zona de saca de madera, mientras que la zona de control, donde no se extrajo madera, presenta valores estables e incluso de recuperación en algunos parámetros. El tratamiento de saca de madera ha provocado una erosión que ha afectado a la capa más fértil del suelo, reduciendo su materia orgánica y la presencia de microrganismos y nutrientes disponibles para las plantas. Con los resultados obtenidos podemos concluir que el tratamiento de extracción de madera quemada ha supuesto un proceso desfavorable para la recuperación del ecosistema tras sufrir un incendio.Study carried out to evaluate the temporal evolution of the soil of a Mediterranean forest in Sierra de Mariola at Alicante, Spain, five years after suffering a forest fire and having applied a burnt wood extraction treatment. Analyzing the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil, a clear degradation is observed in the area of wood extraction, while the control zone, where no wood was extracted, presents stable values and even recovery in some parameters. The treatment of wood extraction has caused an erosion that has affected the most fertile layer of the soil, reducing its organic matter and the presence of microorganisms and nutrients available for the plants. With the results obtained we can conclude that the treatment of wood burnt extraction has been an unfavorable process for the recovery of the ecosystem after suffering a forest fire

Spatial models for monitoring the spatio-temporal evolution of ashes after fire-a case study of a burnt grassland in Lithuania

Ash thickness is a key variable in the protection of soil against erosion agents after planned and unplanned fires. Ash thickness measurements were conducted along two transects (flat and sloping areas) following a grided experimental design. In order to interpolate data with accuracy and identify the techniques with the least bias, several interpolation methods were tested in the grided plot. Overall, the fire had a low severity. However, the fire significantly reduced the ground cover, especially on sloping areas, owing to the higher fire severity and/or less biomass previous to the fire. Ash thickness depended on fire severity and was thin where fire severity was higher and thicker in lower fire severity sites. The ash thickness decreased with time after the fire. Between 4 and 16 days after the fire, ash was transported by wind. The greatest reduction took place between 16 and 34 days after the fire as a result of rainfall, and was more efficient where fire severity was higher. Between 34 and 45 days after the fire, no significant differences in ash thickness were identified among ash colours and only traces of the ash layer remained. The omni-directional experimental variograms showed that variable structure did not change significantly with time. The ash spatial variability increased with time, particularly on the slope, as a result of water erosion

El foc com a causant de canvis en les propietats del sòl. Incendis forestals i cremes prescrites

Aquest article pretén ser una aproximació als efectes que el foc té en el sòl. Primer de tot, presentem els motius pels quals els incendis forestals han esdevingut un problema mediambiental a Catalunya. Resumim l'actual política de prevenció de Grans Incendis Forestals per part dels Bombers de la Generalitat. En el cos central de l'article, donem una àmplia visió dels efectes del foc en el sòl i finalment, per a qui pugui estar interessat a trobar més informació, repassem tots els grups que es dediquen internacionalment a fer estudis en aquest mateix àmbit. Es pot comprovar l'heterogènia procedència científica dels grups involucrats en l'estudi del foc i el sòl

Relationships between soil water repellency and microbial community composition under different plant species in a Mediterranean semiarid forest

Soil water repellency (SWR) can influence many hydrological soil properties, including water infiltration, uneven moisture distribution or water retention. In the current study we investigated how variable SWR persistence in the field is related to the soil microbial community under different plant species (P. halepensis, Q. rotundifolia, C. albidus and R. officinalis) in a Mediterranean forest. The soil microbial community was determined through phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA). The relationships between microbiological community structure and the soil properties pH, Glomalin Related Soil Protein (GRSP) and soil organic matter (SOM) content were also studied. Different statistical analyses were used: Principal Component Analysis (PCA), ANOVA, Redundancy Analysis and Pearson correlations. The highest concentrations of PLFA were found in the most water repellent samples. PCA showed that microorganism composition was more dependent of the severity of SWR than the type of plant species. In the Redundancy Analysis, SWR was the only significant factor (p<0.05) to explain PLFA distributions. The only PLFA biomarkers directly related to SWR were associated with Actinobacteria (10Me16:0, 10Me17:0 and 10Me18:0). All the results suggest that a strong dependence between SWR and microbial community composition.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación CGL2010-21670-C02-0

Effects of salvage logging on soil properties and vegetation recovery in a fire-affected Mediterranean forest: A two year monitoring research

Post-firemanagement can have an additional impact on the ecosystem; in somecases, evenmore severe than the fire. Salvage logging (SL) is a common practice in most fire-affected areas. The management of burnt wood can determine microclimatic conditions and seriously affect soil properties. In some cases, the way of doing it, using heavy machinery, and the vulnerability of soils to erosion and degradation can make this management potentially aggressive to soil. Research was done in “Sierra de Mariola Natural Park” (E Spain). A forest fire (N500 ha) occurred in July 2012. In February 2013, SL treatment was applied in a part of the affected forest. Plots for monitoring this effect were installed in this area and in a similar nearby area where no treatment was done, used as control (C). Soil samplings were done immediately after treatment and every 6 months during two years. Some soil properties were analysed, including organic matter (OM) content, nitrogen (N) available phosphorous (P) basal soil respiration (BSR), microbial biomass carbon (Cmic), bulk density (BD),water repellency (WR), aggregate stability (AS) and field capacity (FC). SL treatment caused an increase in BD, a decrease of AS, FC, OMand N. In the control area, in general the soil properties remained constant across the 2 years of monitoring, and the microbial parameters (BSR and Cmic), initially affected by the fire, recovered faster in C than in the SL area. Plant recovery also showed some differences between treatments. No significant differenceswere observed in the number of plant species recorded (richness) comparing C versus SL plots, but the number of individuals of each species (evenness)was significantly higher in C plots. In conclusion, we can affirmthat for the conditions of this study case, SL had a negative effect on the soil-plant system.To the “Ministerio de Economía and Competitividad” of the Spanish Government for financing the POSTFIRE project (CGL2013- 47862-C2-1-R) and Alcoi counci

Central America [in State of the Climate in 2017]

For this region, nine stations from five countries were analyzed. Stations on the Caribbean slope are: Philip Goldson International Airport, Belize; Puerto Barrios, Guatemala; Puerto Lempira, Honduras; and Puerto Limón, Costa Rica. Stations located on the Pacific slope are: Tocumen International Airport and David, Panamá; Liberia, Costa Rica; Choluteca, Honduras; and Puerto San José, Guatemala.Universidad de Costa Rica/[805-B8-766]/UCR/Costa RicaUCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Básicas::Centro de Investigaciones Geofísicas (CIGEFI

Factores relacionados con la falla en transferencia de inmunidad pasiva en terneras y terneros de lechería en la región central norte de Costa Rica

El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la prevalencia de la falla en la transferencia de inmunidad pasiva en terneras y terneros de lechería en la región Central Norte de Costa Rica. La información corresponde a medidas de proteína sérica total (PST) obtenidas durante el periodo de agosto a noviembre del 2012 en 47 fincas lecheras. Se muestrearon 337 terneras y 127 terneros. Las razas de las vacas se clasificaron en Holstein, Jersey, cruce Holstein-Jersey (H x J) y otras. Para fines del presente estudio, se consideró una falla en la adquisición de inmunidad pasiva cuando la concentración de PST fue menor a 5,5 g/dL. La concentración de PST osciló entre 3,0 y 10,0 g/dL, con un contenido promedio general de 5,7 g/dL. De todos los animales evaluados un 40,5% presentaron niveles inadecuados de inmunidad. Cuando se consideró el sexo de la cría, el 39,2% de las hembras y el 44,1% de los machos obtuvieron niveles inadecuados de inmunidad pasiva y la concentración de PST no presentó diferencias significativas (5,8 vs. 5,7 g/dL, respectivamente). Los animales provenientes de la raza Holstein obtuvieron una concentración de PST significativamente menor a los de las otras razas. Cuando se consideró el número de parto de la madre, no se encontraron diferencias significativas en la concentración de PST de las crías; sin embargo, las crías de vacas de cuarto parto presentaron la mayor proporción de terneros con niveles inadecuados de inmunidad. A los terneros que se les permitió consumir calostro directamente de sus madres presentaron un 48,8% de falla en la transferencia de inmunidad pasiva contra 34,1% de terneros a los que se les ofreció calostro por medio de chupón. Es necesario establecer prácticas de manejo del calostro que permitan minimizar el riesgo de terneros con una transferencia de inmunidad pasiva inadecuada en hatos lecheros de la región Central Norte de Costa Rica

Stones resting on the top soil cause heterogeneous patterns of fire-induced water repellency

Depending on soil and fire characteristics, soil water repellency (SWR) may be induced, enhanced or destroyed by burning. The spatial pattern of SWR may be extremely heterogeneous as a consequence of the temperature peaks, the variation of fire temperature, the distribution of fuel, or the amount and type of ashes. In this research, we have studied the effect of stone cover and position on the intensity and spatial distribution of fire-induced SWR after low-, moderate- and high-severity fire. Generally, SWR increased with fire severity, but stones did induce some differences and increased the heterogeneity of the spatial distribution of fire-induced SWR. In low-stone-cover areas, SWR from soil surfaces below stones increased respect to non-covered soil surfaces. In areas under high stone cover, SWR increased from non-covered soil surfaces to soil surfaces below stones after low-severity fire. In moderate- and high-severity burnt soils under high stone cover, SWR was more severe than in non-covered soil surface, but no significant differences were observed.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad CGL2010-21670-C02-0