Producción de leche caprina y su relación con el Índice de Vegetación de Diferencia Normalizada y las precipitaciones del Bosque Chaqueño Semiárido en el periodo 2016-2018

This work aimed to quantify and relate goat milk production and the Normalized Difference of Vegetation Index of the semiarid Chaco forest and the monthly average precipitation along the 2016-2018 period. The work was carried out in El Polear, in Santiago del Estero, Argentina. Even though the NDVI of the forest and its lower strata biomass productivity were affected by drought, its milk production curve remained unaffected. This may be due to the forest stability resulting from the deep rooted trees that includes, to the strategic displacement of the phenophase in its lower strata (broadleaves, herbaceous) in drought seasons and the adaptation to the changes in the goat diet selectivity before forage fluctuations. Winter NDVI peaks should be considered for new lines of research on their contribution to the energetic reserves of the goat component at the beginning of winter. Significant straight relationships (p<0.05) were found between the average goat milk production and the average monthly precipitation (r=0.64) as well as the NDVI and the semiarid Chaco forest (r=0.59). The resulting linear models involving goat milk production with both precipitation and NDVI had moderate and significant (p<0.05) explaining power (R2=0.41) and (R2=0.35), respectively. These models make the seasonal goat milk production predictable and the planning and the making decision process of both producers and the agroindustry easier.El objetivo de este trabajo fue cuantificar y relacionar la producción de leche caprina con el Índice de Vegetación de Diferencia Normalizada del Bosque Chaqueño semiárido y la precipitación media mensual en el periodo 2016-2018. El estudio fue realizado en El Polear, Santiago del Estero, Argentina. El NDVI del bosque y la productividad de biomasa de sus estratos inferiores fueron afectados por sequía. La curva de producción de leche no fue afectada por la sequía, y se debe a la estabilidad del bosque con leñosas de raíces profundas, a los estratégicos desplazamiento de fenofases de los estratos inferiores del bosque (latifoliadas y herbáceas) en épocas de sequía y a la adaptación a cambios en la selectividad de la dieta de los caprinos ante fluctuaciones de forraje. Los picos de NDVI de invierno deberían ser considerados para nuevas líneas de investigación sobre el aporte de los mismos a las reservas energéticas del componente caprino ante la entrada del invierno. Significativas relaciones directas (p<0.05) fueron encontradas entre la producción media de leche caprina y la precipitación media mensual (r=0.64) y entre el NDVI del Bosque Chaqueño semiárido (r=0.59). Los modelos lineales resultantes, entre la producción de Leche caprina con la Precipitación y el NDVI tuvieron, respectivamente, moderado y significativo (p<0.05) poder explicativo (R2=0.41) y (R2=0.35). Los modelos lineales obtenidos posibilitan predecir la producción de leche estacional facilitando la planificación y toma de decisión tanto a productores como a la agroindustria

Cerebrospinal fluid shunting for the management of cryptococcal meningitis: a scoping review

Objective: This scoping review aimed to describe studies that evaluate the management of cryptococcal meningitis (CM) using cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunts, types of shunts used, and clinically relevant patient outcomes. Methods: We searched in the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science/Core collection, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and clinicaltrials.gov on 1 April 2022. We included two-arm and one-arm cohort studies that evaluated clinically relevant patient outcomes. Case reports were used to describe the type of CSF shunts used and the rationale behind its selection. The selection and extraction processes were independently performed by two authors. Results: This study included 20 cohort studies and 26 case reports. Only seven cohort studies compared two groups. Ventriculoperitoneal shunt was the most commonly used type of shunt (82.1%). The main indications for placing a shunt were persistently high opening pressure (57.1%) and persisting neurological symptoms or deterioration (54.3%). Cohort studies suggest that patients with shunt showed improvement in some outcomes such as neurological symptoms and hospital stay length. The most common shunt complications were post-operative fever (1–35.6%) and shunt obstruction (7–16%). Conclusion: CSF shunts may improve some clinically relevant outcomes in patients with CM, but the evidence is very uncertain.Revisión por pare

Gluon polarization tensor and dispersion relation in a weakly magnetized medium

We study the polarization and dispersion properties of gluons moving within a weakly magnetized background at one-loop order. To this end, we show two alternative derivations of the charged fermion propagator in the weak field expansion and use this expression to compute the lowest order magnetic field correction to the gluon polarization tensor. We explicitly show that, in spite of its cumbersome appearance, the gluon polarization tensor is transverse as required by gauge invariance. We also show that none of the three polarization modes develops a magnetic mass and that gluons propagate along the light cone, non withstanding that Lorentz invariance is lost due to the presence of the magnetic field. By comparing with the expression for the gluon polarization tensor valid to all orders in the magnetic field, the existence of a second solution, corresponding to a finite gluon mass, is shown to be spurious and an artifact of the lowest order approximation in the field strength. We also study the strength of the polarization modes for real gluons. We conclude that, provided the spurious solutions are discarded, the lowest order approximation to the gluon polarization and dispersion properties is good as long as the field strength is small compared to the loop fermion mass.Comment: 14 pages, 6 figures. Ref.[35] was adde

A randomized open-labeled study to examine the effects of creatine monohydrate and combined training on jump and scoring performance in young basketball players

BACKGROUND: Creatine monohydrate (CrM) supplementation has been shown to be an effective and safe nutritional supplement to improve performance; however, the impact of CrM supplementation in young basketball players is less clear. This study evaluated the effects of CrM supplementation during a strength and conditioning training (SCT) program on lower-limb strength parameters and performance in under-16 (U16) basketball players. METHODS: Twenty-three male U16 basketball players participated in this study (14.3 ± 0.4 years; BMI: 20.7 ± 2.2 kg∙m(−2)). The players were randomly assigned to either a CrM group (n = 12) that ingested 0.1 g·kg(−1)·day(−1) of CrM or to a non-supplemented control group (n = 11, CON). The athletes participated in an 8-week SCT program consisting of two lower-limb resistance-training sessions and two plyometric sessions per week. Squat jump (SJ), drop jump (DP), countermovement jump (CMJ), and Abalakov (ABK) jump power tests as well as basketball performance (points and minutes per game) were measured before, during and/or after the intervention. Data were analyzed using a general linear model with repeated measures with independent Student’s t-test pairwise comparisons. RESULTS: The results (95% confidence interval for mean change from baseline) show that there were significant differences for all variables for CrM and CON, respectively: SJ (cm): 2.6 – 6.4, P < 0.01 and 2.2–5.1 P < 0.01; DJ (cm): 2.5–5.6, P < 0.01, and 1.8–4.4, P < 0.01; CMJ (cm): 0.3–0.8, P < 0.01, and 0.2–0.5, P < 0.01; ABK (cm): 2.8–5.5, P < 0.01 and 0.7–2.6, P = 0.003. A significant group x time interaction (p = 0.003, η(p)(2) = 0.342) was observed in ABK performance. No significant group x time effects were seen in squat jump (p = 0.449, η(p)(2) = 0.028), drop jump (p = 0.143, η(p)(2) = 0.099), or counter movement jump (p = 0.304, η(p)(2) = 0.05). A significant interaction effect was also observed in points per game (p = 0.049, η(p)(2) = 0.149), while a non-significant but medium effect was seen in minutes per game (p = 0.166, η(p)(2) = 0.094). CONCLUSIONS: CrM supplementation in conjunction with resistance and plyometric training increased the lower-limb ABK power and scoring performance in U16 basketball players

Geological Characterization, Mapping and Sampling of the Tailing Pond From Cerro El Toro, Region La Libertad-Perú

The present article shows the working methodology of the project field Development and validation of a clean technology for the integral treatment of neutralization of effluents and metallurgical tailings in the use of calcareous agents 1 Geological Characterization 2 Delimitation of the area of environmental influence for legal exploitation 3 Mapping 4 Sampling 5 Calculation of the volume of tailings 6 Study of the environmental impact of legal exploitation relationships It should be noted each one of these activities are important as part of the methodology of work in field which one are developed in the tailing Cerro El Toro which has been divided the aforementioned relationship into 73 sampling points grouped according to the relationships Salinas 1 Salinas 2 Salinas 3 Montoro and Melva whose volume has been determined through the software AutoCAD Civil which has determined that tailings have the following volume Salinas 1 1917 5 m3 Salinas 2 20331 48 m3 Salinas 3 18375 m3 Montoro 668 56 m3 y Melva 27945 5 m3 whose volume allowed the obtention of a representative sample of the tailing for been studied of their Environmental Quality of tailing which gives through the geochemical characterization analysis with the purpose of determining the Real Impact of the pollution of tailing in the mining communities of Shiracmaca and Coigobamb

Fox : a un año de la alternancia

Reflexiones críticas desde diversas disciplinas de las ciencias sociales acerca del primer año de gobierno de Vicente Fox Quesada. Entre los rubros que se analizan están: la política cultural, el sector rural, los jóvenes, los derechos humanos, la cultura indígena y la seguridad pública.ITESO, A.C

Gas monitoring methodology and application to CCS projects as defined by atmospheric and remote sensing survey in the natural analogue of Campo de Calatrava

CO2 capture and storage (CCS) projects are presently developed to reduce the emission of anthropogenic CO2 into the atmosphere. CCS technologies are expected to account for the 20% of the CO2 reduction by 2050. Geophysical, ground deformation and geochemical monitoring have been carried out to detect potential leakage, and, in the event that this occurs, identify and quantify it. This monitoring needs to be developed prior, during and after the injection stage. For a correct interpretation and quantification of the leakage, it is essential to establish a pre-injection characterization (baseline) of the area affected by the CO2 storage at reservoir level as well as at shallow depth, surface and atmosphere, via soil gas measurements. Therefore, the methodological approach is important because it can affect the spatial and temporal variability of this flux and even jeopardize the total value of CO2 in a given area. In this sense, measurements of CO2 flux were done using portable infrared analyzers (i.e., accumulation chambers) adapted to monitoring the geological storage of CO2, and other measurements of trace gases, e.g. radon isotopes and remote sensing imagery were tested in the natural analogue of Campo de Calatrava (Ciudad Real, Spain) with the aim to apply in CO2 leakage detection; thus, observing a high correlation between CO2 and radon (r=0,858) and detecting some vegetation indices that may be successfully applied for the leakage detection

Synchronization of the estrous during a short period, using a low dose of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) in primiparous and multiparous ewes

Objective: To evaluate the effect of reducing the synchronized luteum phase and of applying eCG on reproductive response variables and hormone profile in primiparous and multiparous ewes. Design/methodology/approach: The experimental design was completely randomized with a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial array. Eight-one ewes were divided by their reproductive activity: primiparous (n=38) and multiparous (n=43). The percentage of presentation of estrus and pregnancy were analyzed with a c2 test. The estrus onset and duration for an analysis of variance and the Tukey test of comparison of means. The P4 concentration was performed using the PROC MIXED procedure, which included fixed effects of the treatment and day and the interaction of the two. Results: The response in estrus presentation was not different between treatments, however; the onset and duration of estrus were affected by physiological state and the synchronized luteum phase. P4 concentrations in serum were higher in primiparous ewes than in multiparous ewes. There were no differences in pregnancy rate or prolificity by principal effects. Limitations on study/implications: The estrus onset and duration varied by effects of the reproductive physiological status and the duration of the synchronized luteum phase (6 and 12 d), Therefore, it must be taken into account when artificial insemination is performed at a fixed time. Findings/conclusions: The combination of cronolone sponges with 100 IU eCG during short (6 d) are effective for the synchronization of estrous. The P4 concentrations in serum were higher in primiparous ewes, but this was not determinant for increasing gestation and prolificity in treated ewes.Objective: To evaluate the reduction effect of the synchronized luteal phase and the eCG application in the reproductive variables and hormone profile response of primiparous and multiparous ewes. Design/Methodology/Approach: The experimental design was completely random, with a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Based on their reproductive activity, the 81 specimens were divided into primiparous (n=38) and multiparous (n=43) ewes. The estrous and pregnancy stages were analyzed using the c2 test. An analysis of variance and the Tukey’s mean comparison test were used to determine the start and the duration of the estrous. P4 concentration was measured using the PROC MIXED which influenced the fixed effects of the treatment and the day, as well as their interaction. Results: There was no difference between treatments, regarding the occurrence of the estrous; however, its start and duration were not impacted by the physiological state and the synchronized luteal phase. P4 concentrations in plasm were higher in primiparous ewes than in multiparous ewes. The main effects did not impact the pregnancy and the prolificity rates. Study Limitations/Implications: The variation in the start and the duration of the estrous was caused by the physiological reproductive state and the duration of the synchronized luteal phase (6 and 12 days). Therefore, these effects should be taken into account when the artificial insemination takes place at a fixed period. Finding/Conclusions: The combination of the cronolone sponges with 100 UI of eCG during short periods (6 days) effectively synchronizes the estrous. P4 concentrations in serum were higher in primiparous ewes, although these concentrations were not a determining factor in the increase of pregnancy and prolificity

Computer-Based Training in Math and Working Memory Improves Cognitive Skills and Academic Achievement in Primary School Children:Behavioral Results

Student academic achievement has been positively related to further development outcomes, such as the attainment of higher educational, employment, and socioeconomic aspirations. Among all the academic competences, mathematics has been identified as an essential skill in the field of international leadership as well as for those seeking positions in disciplines related to science, technology, and engineering. Given its positive consequences, studies have designed trainings to enhance children's mathematical skills. Additionally, the ability to regulate and control actions and cognitions, i.e., executive functions (EF), has been associated with school success, which has resulted in a strong effort to develop EF training programs to improve students' EF and academic achievement. The present study examined the efficacy of a school computer-based training composed of two components, namely, working memory and mathematics tasks. Among the advantages of using a computer-based training program is the ease with which it can be implemented in school settings and the ease by which the difficulty of the tasks can be adapted to fit the child's ability level. To test the effects of the training, children's cognitive skills (EF and IQ) and their school achievement (math and language grades and abilities) were evaluated. The results revealed a significant improvement in cognitive skills, such as non-verbal IQ and inhibition, and better school performance in math and reading among the children who participated in the training compared to those children who did not. Most of the improvements were related to training on WM tasks. These findings confirmed the efficacy of a computer-based training that combined WM and mathematics activities as part of the school routines based on the training's impact on children's academic competences and cognitive skills