Design and implementation of architectures for the deployment of secure community wireless networks

Recientes avances en las tecnologías de la comunicación, así como la proliferación de nuevos dispositivos de computación, están plasmando nuestro entorno hacia un Internet ubicuo. Internet ofrece una plataforma global para acceder con bajo coste a una vasta gama de servicios de telecomunicaciones, como el correo electrónico, comercio electrónico, tele-educación, tele-salud y tele-medicina a bajo coste. Sin embargo, incluso en los países más desarrollados, un gran número de áreas rurales todavía están pobremente equipadas con una infraestructura básica de telecomunicaciones. Hoy en día, existen algunos esfuerzos para resolver esta falta de infraestructura, pero resultan todavía insuficientes. Con este objetivo presentamos en esta tesis RuralNet, una red comunitaria inalámbrica para proveer acceso a Internet de forma personalizada a los subscriptores de un área rural. Los objetivos de este estudio han sido el desarrollo de una nueva arquitectura para ofrecer un acceso a Internet flexible y seguro para zonas rurales aisladas. RuralNet combina el paradigma de las redes mesh y el uso de los dispositivos inalámbricos embebidos más económicos para ofrecer un gran número de servicios y aplicaciones basados en Internet. La solución desarrollada por RuralNet es capaz de cubrir grandes áreas a bajo coste, y puede también ser fácilmente desplegado y extendido tanto en términos de cobertura como de servicios ofrecidos. Dado que la implementación y la evaluación de RuralNet requiere un alto coste y una gran cantidad de mano de obra, hemos considerado que la simulación y la emulación eran una alternativa válida para ahorrar costes. Con este objetivo hemos desarrollado Castadiva, un emulador flexible proyectado para la evaluación de redes MANET y mesh. Castadiva es un emulador basado en dispositivos de bajo coste, utilizado para evaluar los protocolos y las aplicaciones desarrolladas.Hortelano Otero, J. (2011). Design and implementation of architectures for the deployment of secure community wireless networks [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/10079Palanci

Providing rural areas connectivity using wireless networks technology

This work is a proposal to deploy an infrastructure to connect remote rural areas using wireless networks. Moreover, to develop a tool to evaluate these networks.Hortelano Otero, J. (2007). Providing rural areas connectivity using wireless networks technology. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/12310Archivo delegad

Proyecto de innovación educativa para la mejora de la coordinación y el equilibrio en los adolescentes a través de una propuesta de trabajo propioceptivo

Educació

Oinarrizko Errenta desberdinak: Espainiako Estatuan aplikatzeko aukera aztertzen, indarrean dagoen Bizitza Gutxienezko Errenta oinarritzat hartuta

[ES] La pandemia del coronavirus está creando muchos efectos negativos en todo el mundo. En el caso del estado español las consecuencias de la pandemia han sido más profundas porque se han unido a los que se arrastraban de la crisis del 2008. Por lo tanto, eso ha supuesto entre otras cosas que la tasa de la pobreza llegue a unos máximos impresionantes y que las diferencias sociales, económicas, culturales y demás aumenten entre la gente. El gobierno español para paliar los efectos de la pandemia ha puesto en marcha el Ingreso Mínimo Vital que ha sido aprobado por el real decreto ley 20/2020 del 29 de mayo, que sólo está dirigido a la gente que se encuentra en exclusión social. Esta renta ha sido muy criticada porque en la práctica les es muy difícil a los solicitantes pedirla ya que han de cumplimentar muchas formalidades. Que la renta que ha puesto en marcha el gobierno haya funcionado tan mal y la situación sea tan crítica ha propiciado que se encienda la idea de poner en marcha una Renta Básica.[EU] Bizitzen ari garen koronabirusaren pandemia gaitz asko sortu ditu eta eragiten dago mundu osoan zehar. Espainiar estatuaren kasuan, pandemiak eragin dituen efektu negatiboak, sakonagoak izan dira dagoeneko 2008. urteko krisialdi ekonomikoaren efektuei gehitu direlako. Beraz, pobrezia tasak maila ikaragarri batera ailegatu dira, herritarren arteko desberdintasunak ere areagotu dira, sozialak, kulturalak ekonomikoak besteak beste. Horregatik Estatuko gobernua koronabirusaren efektuak leuntzeko Bizitza Gutxienezko Errenta ezarri du maiatzak 29ko 20/2020 lege-dekretuaren bitartez, errenta hau gizarte bazterkerian daudenei zuzendutakoa da soilik. Errenta hau oso kritikatua izan da, praktikan oso zaila delako eskatzaileentzat hura eskatzea, soilik multzo bati zuzenduta dagoelako eta eskaera askori uko egin zaielako jende askok zailtasun asko izan dituelako eskaera egiterakoan. Gobernuak ezarritako errenta hain txarto funtzionatzeak eta egoera hain latza izateak eragin du oinarrizko errenta bat ezartzeko nahia areagotzea.[EN] Coronavirus pandemic is creating many negative effects around the world. In the case of Spain the effects of the pandemic have been more deep because they have joined those from the 2008 recession. Therefore, this has meant, among other things, that the poverty rate has reached unreachable maximums and the gap between people has increased. The Spanish government to minimise the effects of the pandemic has put in motion the minimum living income approved on may´ s 29th by 20/2020 royal decree law, which is only aimed at people who are in social exclusion. This income has been widely criticized because it is very difficult for applicants to apply for it, because it is only aimed at a group of people and because many applications have been rejected. The fact that the income implemented by the government has worked so poorly and the situation is so critical has led to the idea of implementing a Basic Income

Optimization of pre- treatments with Propidium Monoazide and PEMAX¿ before real-time quantitative PCR for detection and quantification of viable Helicobacter pylori cells

[EN] Accurate detection of H. pylori in different environmental and clinical samples is essential for public health studies. Now, a big effort is being made to design PCR methodologies that allow for the detection of viable and viable but non-culturable (VBNC) H. pylori cells, by achieving complete exclusion of dead cells amplification signals. The use of DNA intercalating dyes has been proposed. However, its efficacy is still not well determined. In this study, we aimed to test the suitability of PMA and PEMAXTM dyes used prior to qPCR for only detecting viable cells of H. pylori. Their efficiency was evaluated with cells submitted to different disinfection treatments and confirmed by the absence of growth on culture media and by LIVE/DEAD counts. Our results indicated that an incubation period of 5 min for both, PMA and PEMAXTM, did not affect viable cells. Our study also demonstrated that results obtained by using intercalating dyes may vary depending on the cell stress conditions. In all dead cell¿s samples, both PMA and PEMAXTM pre-qPCR treatments decreased the amplification signal (>103 Genomic Units (GU)), although none of them allowed for its disappearance confirming that intercalating dyes, although useful for screening purposes, cannot be considered as universal viability markers. To investigate the applicability of the method specifically to detect H. pylori cells in environmental samples, PMA-qPCR was performed on samples containing the different morphological and viability states that H. pylori can acquire in environment. The optimized PMA-qPCR methodology showed to be useful to detect mostly (but not only) viable forms, regardless the morphological state of the cell.This work was supported by the Conselleria de Educacion, Investigacion, Cultura y Deporte, of the Community of Valencia, Spain, under project AICO/2018/273, and by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion PID2019-105691RB-I00 Grant and by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness AGL2014/53875-R Grant.Hortelano, I.; Moreno Trigos, MY.; García Hernández, J.; Ferrús Pérez, MA. (2021). Optimization of pre- treatments with Propidium Monoazide and PEMAX¿ before real-time quantitative PCR for detection and quantification of viable Helicobacter pylori cells. Journal of Microbiological Methods. 185:1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2021.1062231918

Schistosomiasis in migrant children and adolescents in a paediatric tropical referral unit in Spain: diagnosis and long-term management challenges

Globalisation and population movement have led to an increasing number of migrant children residing in areas non-endemic for schistosomiasis. However, diagnosing and managing schistosomiasis in children remain controversial. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of schistosomiasis in migrant children and to describe the diagnostic approach and management strategies, including long-term follow-up, to explore the potential role of serological tests in evaluating treatment response. We conducted a retrospective descriptive study spanning from January 2014–July 2021 at a referral unit for Paediatric Tropical Diseases in Madrid (Spain). The study included patients under 18 years diagnosed with schistosomiasis. Of 679 children screened for schistosomiasis, 73 (10.8%) tested positive. The median age was 16.3 years [IQR 9–17.6], 74% male. The majority originated from Sub-Saharan Africa (47%) and Asia (47%). Only 40% presented with symptoms, with gastrointestinal (18%) and cutaneous (17%) manifestations being the most common. Eosinophilia was observed in 43% (median [IQR]: 1103/mm3 [671–1536]), and ova were visualised in the urine of 2/50 (4.0%). Praziquantel treatment was administered to 92%, and 5 patients required retreatment. Follow-up data were available for 58 (80%) over a median period of 9 months [IQR 6–19.8], revealing a progressive decline in eosinophil count, IgE titres, and ELISA optical density. Conclusion: In this series, the prevalence of schistosomiasis among migrant children was significant (10%), highlighting the importance of including serological tests in migrant health screening. The disease is largely asymptomatic, eosinophilia is often absent, and visualisation of ova in urine is exceedingly rare. Eosinophil count, IgE titres, and ELISA optical density could prove valuable as an initial approach for monitoring inflammation during follow-up assessmentsPI20/0149

Paisagem

Neste número temático da revista Estúdio lançou-se o desafio aos criadores e artistas para debaterem e estudarem a obra de seus companheiros de profissão, outros artistas, dentro do tema da paisagem.Poderemos, a posteriori, agrupar os 39 artigos, aqui aprovados e apresentados, segundo quatro eixos temáticos: a. Testemunho da paisagem; b. Perda da paisagem; c. Paisagens urbanas; d. Sustentabilidade. No primeiro núcleo, testemunho da paisagem, consideramos os artigos que refletem sobre artistas cuja obra integra uma componente contemplativa, onde se sente a busca de um sentido profundo. No segundo núcleo, perda da paisagem, poderemos agrupar os artigos que se debruçam sobre formas de resgate de algo que se sente estar perdido. Reflete-se sobre os vestígios de um mundo antigo, sem quebras, sem separações entre o homem e a natureza, ou sobre a nostalgia da sua recuperação através de uma redenção introspetiva. No terceiro núcleo, paisagens urbanas, encontramos artigos que meditam sobre a textura ambiental urbana e sobre os meios de simulação inerentes aos recursos cenográficos presentes nos espaços públicos e partilhados por um elo social: os espaços codificados. No quarto núcleo acompanhamos a tendência mais ou menos ativista, onde o artista carrega o peso do perigo, a ameaça sobre os sistemas vivos, e receia o fim das paisagens. A sustentabilidade exige agilidade e alterações nos estilos de vida, exige uma economia reinventada. Agruparam-se assim os artigos seguindo uma teia de afinidades, sendo decerto uma organização segundo critérios de oportunidade temática: encontrar texturas globais no tecido do discurso sobre arte, nos textos dos artistasinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Spatiotemporal Characteristics of the Largest HIV-1 CRF02_AG Outbreak in Spain: Evidence for Onward Transmissions

Background and Aim: The circulating recombinant form 02_AG (CRF02_AG) is the predominant clade among the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) non-Bs with a prevalence of 5.97% (95% Confidence Interval-CI: 5.41–6.57%) across Spain. Our aim was to estimate the levels of regional clustering for CRF02_AG and the spatiotemporal characteristics of the largest CRF02_AG subepidemic in Spain.Methods: We studied 396 CRF02_AG sequences obtained from HIV-1 diagnosed patients during 2000–2014 from 10 autonomous communities of Spain. Phylogenetic analysis was performed on the 391 CRF02_AG sequences along with all globally sampled CRF02_AG sequences (N = 3,302) as references. Phylodynamic and phylogeographic analysis was performed to the largest CRF02_AG monophyletic cluster by a Bayesian method in BEAST v1.8.0 and by reconstructing ancestral states using the criterion of parsimony in Mesquite v3.4, respectively.Results: The HIV-1 CRF02_AG prevalence differed across Spanish autonomous communities we sampled from (p < 0.001). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 52.7% of the CRF02_AG sequences formed 56 monophyletic clusters, with a range of 2–79 sequences. The CRF02_AG regional dispersal differed across Spain (p = 0.003), as suggested by monophyletic clustering. For the largest monophyletic cluster (subepidemic) (N = 79), 49.4% of the clustered sequences originated from Madrid, while most sequences (51.9%) had been obtained from men having sex with men (MSM). Molecular clock analysis suggested that the origin (tMRCA) of the CRF02_AG subepidemic was in 2002 (median estimate; 95% Highest Posterior Density-HPD interval: 1999–2004). Additionally, we found significant clustering within the CRF02_AG subepidemic according to the ethnic origin.Conclusion: CRF02_AG has been introduced as a result of multiple introductions in Spain, following regional dispersal in several cases. We showed that CRF02_AG transmissions were mostly due to regional dispersal in Spain. The hot-spot for the largest CRF02_AG regional subepidemic in Spain was in Madrid associated with MSM transmission risk group. The existence of subepidemics suggest that several spillovers occurred from Madrid to other areas. CRF02_AG sequences from Hispanics were clustered in a separate subclade suggesting no linkage between the local and Hispanic subepidemics

Time to Switch to Second-line Antiretroviral Therapy in Children With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Europe and Thailand.

Background: Data on durability of first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) in children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are limited. We assessed time to switch to second-line therapy in 16 European countries and Thailand. Methods: Children aged <18 years initiating combination ART (≥2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors [NRTIs] plus nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor [NNRTI] or boosted protease inhibitor [PI]) were included. Switch to second-line was defined as (i) change across drug class (PI to NNRTI or vice versa) or within PI class plus change of ≥1 NRTI; (ii) change from single to dual PI; or (iii) addition of a new drug class. Cumulative incidence of switch was calculated with death and loss to follow-up as competing risks. Results: Of 3668 children included, median age at ART initiation was 6.1 (interquartile range (IQR), 1.7-10.5) years. Initial regimens were 32% PI based, 34% nevirapine (NVP) based, and 33% efavirenz based. Median duration of follow-up was 5.4 (IQR, 2.9-8.3) years. Cumulative incidence of switch at 5 years was 21% (95% confidence interval, 20%-23%), with significant regional variations. Median time to switch was 30 (IQR, 16-58) months; two-thirds of switches were related to treatment failure. In multivariable analysis, older age, severe immunosuppression and higher viral load (VL) at ART start, and NVP-based initial regimens were associated with increased risk of switch. Conclusions: One in 5 children switched to a second-line regimen by 5 years of ART, with two-thirds failure related. Advanced HIV, older age, and NVP-based regimens were associated with increased risk of switch