Global assessment of marine plastic exposure risk for oceanic birds

Plastic pollution is distributed patchily around the world’s oceans. Likewise, marine organisms that are vulnerable to plastic ingestion or entanglement have uneven distributions. Understanding where wildlife encounters plastic is crucial for targeting research and mitigation. Oceanic seabirds, particularly petrels, frequently ingest plastic, are highly threatened, and cover vast distances during foraging and migration. However, the spatial overlap between petrels and plastics is poorly understood. Here we combine marine plastic density estimates with individual movement data for 7137 birds of 77 petrel species to estimate relative exposure risk. We identify high exposure risk areas in the Mediterranean and Black seas, and the northeast Pacific, northwest Pacific, South Atlantic and southwest Indian oceans. Plastic exposure risk varies greatly among species and populations, and between breeding and non-breeding seasons. Exposure risk is disproportionately high for Threatened species. Outside the Mediterranean and Black seas, exposure risk is highest in the high seas and Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs) of the USA, Japan, and the UK. Birds generally had higher plastic exposure risk outside the EEZ of the country where they breed. We identify conservation and research priorities, and highlight that international collaboration is key to addressing the impacts of marine plastic on wide-ranging species

Global assessment of marine plastic exposure risk for oceanic birds

Plastic pollution is distributed patchily around the world’s oceans. Likewise, marine organisms that are vulnerable to plastic ingestion or entanglement have uneven distributions. Understanding where wildlife encounters plastic is crucial for targeting research and mitigation. Oceanic seabirds, particularly petrels, frequently ingest plastic, are highly threatened, and cover vast distances during foraging and migration. However, the spatial overlap between petrels and plastics is poorly understood. Here we combine marine plastic density estimates with individual movement data for 7137 birds of 77 petrel species to estimate relative exposure risk. We identify high exposure risk areas in the Mediterranean and Black seas, and the northeast Pacific, northwest Pacific, South Atlantic and southwest Indian oceans. Plastic exposure risk varies greatly among species and populations, and between breeding and non-breeding seasons. Exposure risk is disproportionately high for Threatened species. Outside the Mediterranean and Black seas, exposure risk is highest in the high seas and Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs) of the USA, Japan, and the UK. Birds generally had higher plastic exposure risk outside the EEZ of the country where they breed. We identify conservation and research priorities, and highlight that international collaboration is key to addressing the impacts of marine plastic on wide-ranging species

Global assessment of marine plastic exposure risk for oceanic birds

Plastic pollution is distributed patchily around the world's oceans. Likewise, marine organisms that are vulnerable to plastic ingestion or entanglement have uneven distributions. Understanding where wildlife encounters plastic is crucial for targeting research and mitigation. Oceanic seabirds, particularly petrels, frequently ingest plastic, are highly threatened, and cover vast distances during foraging and migration. However, the spatial overlap between petrels and plastics is poorly understood. Here we combine marine plastic density estimates with individual movement data for 7137 birds of 77 petrel species to estimate relative exposure risk. We identify high exposure risk areas in the Mediterranean and Black seas, and the northeast Pacific, northwest Pacific, South Atlantic and southwest Indian oceans. Plastic exposure risk varies greatly among species and populations, and between breeding and non-breeding seasons. Exposure risk is disproportionately high for Threatened species. Outside the Mediterranean and Black seas, exposure risk is highest in the high seas and Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs) of the USA, Japan, and the UK. Birds generally had higher plastic exposure risk outside the EEZ of the country where they breed. We identify conservation and research priorities, and highlight that international collaboration is key to addressing the impacts of marine plastic on wide-ranging species.B.L.C., C.H., and A.M. were funded by the Cambridge Conservation Initiative’s Collaborative Fund sponsored by the Prince Albert II of Monaco Foundation. E.J.P. was supported by the Natural Environment Research Council C-CLEAR doctoral training programme (Grant no. NE/S007164/1). We are grateful to all those who assisted with the collection and curation of tracking data. Further details are provided in the Supplementary Acknowledgements. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.Peer reviewe

COMPOSIÇÃO E DISTRIBUIÇÃO ESPACIAL DO ICTIOPLÂNCTON DA LAGUNA DE JACAREPAGUÁ, RIO DE JANEIRO, BRASIL

O trabalho objetivou determinar a composição, a distribuição espacial dos ovos e das larvas e suas relações entre salinidade e temperatura na Laguna de Jacarepaguá. Foram realizadas coletas mensais de março de 1990 a fevereiro de 1991 em quatro áreas da laguna. O plâncton foi coletado na camada superficial com uma rede cônica de 350µm. Foram coletados 172 ovo e 882 larvas. A maior quantidade de ovos ocorreu no período seco em setembro, totalizando 93.02% enquanto que as larvas foram encontradas, em março no período chuvoso, e também de outubro a dezembro de 1990, totalizando 86.28%. As seis espécies de larvas identificadas foram: Xenomelaniris brasiliensis, Tilapia rendallis, Poecilia vivípara, Phalloptychus januarius, Brevoortia pectinata e Gerres aprion, e as famílias Engraulidae e Sparidae. X. brasiliensis foi a mais abundante abrangendo 62.81% do total das capturas. As larvas concentraram-se nas áreas 2 e 4, no período chuvoso, em águas mais quentes. Pequenas variações de salinidade e temperatura foram verificadas na laguna, durante o período pesquisado.ABSTRACT Composition na spatial distribution of the ichthyoplankton of the Jacarepaguá lagoon, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil The aim of this work was to determine the spatial distribution and composition of the eggs and larvae and theis relationships between salinity and temperature in Jacarepaguá Lagoon. Mensal collects were held in the period of March 1990 to February 1991 in four stations.The plankton was collected with a 350µm conic net in the surfasse. One hundred and seventy two eggs and 882 larvae were found. The greatest number of eggs was found in September, 93.02% in the dry season. The larvae were found in March and in the period from October to December 1990, with 86.28% in the rainy season. Six spcies of larvae were identified: Xenomelaniris brasiliensis, Tilapia rendallis, Poecilia vivípara, Phalloptychus januarius, Brevoortia pectinata and Gerres aprion, and the families, Engraulidae and Sparidae. X. brasiliensis was the most abundant on with 62.81% of the total capture catches. The larvae stages were concentrated in the second and fourth áreas, during the rainy season and in warm water. Short variations in temperature and salinity were evidenced in the lagoon in this period

Monitoring and spatial distribution of heterotrophic bacteria and fecal coliforms in the Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

The distribution of heterothrophic bacteria and fecal coliforms was monitored at four sampling stations located near the shore of the Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon, in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Water samples were collected, monthly from October 1994 through September 1998. The highest heterothrophic count (6.5x10 7 CFU/100mL) was recorded at stations 2 and 4 during August 1998 and the lowest (10 ³ CFU/100 mL) at station 3 during February 1995. With respect to fecal coliforms, the highest and lowest counts were 1.6x10 5 coliforms/100mL at station 3 during March 1997 and <1 coliform/100mL at all the stations during February 1995 and September 1997 as well as station 3 during February 1998. The data indicated a percentage increase of the microorganisms surveyed over time at all the sampling stations studied

Prevalencia de consumo de tabaco en trabajadores hospitalarios: metaanálisis en 45 hospitales catalanes = Smoking prevalence in hospital workers: meta-analysis in 45 Catalan hospitals

El 'Grupo de coordinadores de los Hospitales de la Red' está compuesto por: Sandra Bigordà Palau, Jaume González, Maite Elvira, Francesc Abella, Montserrat Pie, Lourdes Rofes, Tere Catalán, Joaquim Guasch, Joana Carrasco, Dolors Benito, Upe González, Peio Solà, Rosa Sunyer, Rosa Carreras, Sílvia Molina, Beatriu Castells, Ma Antònia Raich, Francesc Fibla, Merce Palau, Consol Serra, David de la Rosa, Francesc Macià, Andrea Burón, Ruth Ripoll, Marta Solé, José María Sánchez, M. Antònia Pajin, Mercè Santos Asensio, Cristina Pinet, Jordi Bugés, Claudia Guevara, Jaume Prat, Marga Cano, Pilar Pena, ˜ Gemma Mayor, Joana Guerrero, Manel Roda, Fernando Pommier, Montserrat Contel, Albert Tresserras Puyuelo, Francesc Soler, Miquel Vilardell, Jorge Sanz, Catalina Serra Carbonell y Manel SantinàObjective: To estimate the prevalence of smoking in workers from hospitals within the Catalan Network for Smoke-free hospitals from 2009 to 2012 according to workers' sociodemographic characteristics and the type of hospital. Method: A meta-analysis was performed of prevalence surveys from representative samples of workers from 45 hospitals. The combined prevalence for all hospitals was calculated using a regression model with a random effects model weighted by sample size. Results: The overall prevalence of smoking was 28.1% (95%. CI: 26.1 to 30.0%) with a maximum and minimum of 40.3% and 19.1%, respectively. The health professionals with the lowest prevalence of smoking were physicians (16.4%; 95%CI: 12.9 to 19.9) and nurses (25.4%; 95%CI 21.6 to 29.2). Conclusion: The prevalence of smoking in hospital health workers was lower than in the general population of working age. Physicians were the group with the lowest smoking prevalence. Smoking cessation should be promoted among other professional groupsObjetivo: Estimar la prevalencia de consumo de tabaco en trabajadores/as de los hospitales miembros de la Red Catalana de Hospitales sin Humo según sus características sociodemográficas y tipo de hospital al que pertenecen, en el período 2009-2012. Método: Metaanálisis de encuestas de prevalencia en muestras representativas de trabajadores/as de 45 hospitales (2009-2012). La prevalencia conjunta se calculó mediante un modelo de regresión con efectos aleatorios ponderado por el tamaño muestral. Resultados: La prevalencia global de consumo de tabaco es del 28,1% (intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC95%]: 26,1-30,0%), con valores máximos y mínimos del 40,3% y el 19,1%. Los grupos con menor prevalencia son el colectivo médico (16,4%; IC95%: 12,9-19,9%) y el colectivo de enfermería (25,4%; IC95%: 21,6-29,2%). Conclusión: La prevalencia de consumo de tabaco en trabajadores/as hospitalarios/as es menor que en la población general en edad laboral, siendo el colectivo médico el menos fumador. Es necesario implementar acciones que faciliten el abandono del tabaco en el resto de los colectivo

Global assessment of marine plastic exposure risk for oceanic birds.

Plastic pollution is distributed patchily around the world's oceans. Likewise, marine organisms that are vulnerable to plastic ingestion or entanglement have uneven distributions. Understanding where wildlife encounters plastic is crucial for targeting research and mitigation. Oceanic seabirds, particularly petrels, frequently ingest plastic, are highly threatened, and cover vast distances during foraging and migration. However, the spatial overlap between petrels and plastics is poorly understood. Here we combine marine plastic density estimates with individual movement data for 7137 birds of 77 petrel species to estimate relative exposure risk. We identify high exposure risk areas in the Mediterranean and Black seas, and the northeast Pacific, northwest Pacific, South Atlantic and southwest Indian oceans. Plastic exposure risk varies greatly among species and populations, and between breeding and non-breeding seasons. Exposure risk is disproportionately high for Threatened species. Outside the Mediterranean and Black seas, exposure risk is highest in the high seas and Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs) of the USA, Japan, and the UK. Birds generally had higher plastic exposure risk outside the EEZ of the country where they breed. We identify conservation and research priorities, and highlight that international collaboration is key to addressing the impacts of marine plastic on wide-ranging species.B.L.C., C.H. and A.M. were funded by the Cambridge Conservation Initiative’s Collaborative Fund sponsored by the Prince Albert II of Monaco Foundation. E.J.P. was supported by the Natural Environment Research Council C-CLEAR doctoral training programme (Grant no. NE/S007164/1)