34 research outputs found

    Promoting mental health in migrants: a GHQ12-evaluation of a community health program in Sweden

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    Abstract Background Research increasingly highlight post-migration factors for migrants’ mental health status. We investigated the association between participation in a health promotion program and changes in migrants’ mental health, and if socio-demographic factors and length of time in the new home country, Sweden, influenced a potential association. Methods A five-week health promotion program named ‘HĂ€lsostöd’ [Health Support], led by community health workers, was offered to migrants, primarily asylum seekers and newly arrived immigrants (N = 202). The framework for the program was salutogenic psycho-education, which focused on health effects of migration experiences, lifestyle and health, and the health care system. Mental health was measured at the start and end of the program. We analysed this follow up by using the recommended clinical cut off (i.e. &gt; 11 of maximum 36, with higher scores indicating possible mental illness) in the 12- item version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ12). Chi Square test was used to analyse statistical significance of changes, and multinomial logistic regression to analyse associations to sociodemographic factors and length of stay in Sweden. Results The number of participants scoring above the clinical cut off after participation in the program (N = 79, 39.1%) was lower compared to the corresponding number before participation (N = 111, 55.0%), Chi Square = 10.17, p &lt; .001. The majority of the participants had no change 72.3 (N = 146), 21.8% (N = 44) had a positive change, yet 5.9% (N = 12) had a negative change, compared to before participation in the program. None of the investigated sociodemographic factors showed to significantly influence the association. Length of stay in Sweden was trending, with participants with longer stay being more likely to have possible mental illness. Conclusion We conclude that psycho-educative programs, similar to ‘HĂ€lsostöd’, have potential for promoting asylum seekers’ and newly arrived immigrants’ mental health as the evaluation showed a considerable number of positive changes in participants. The result suggests the importance of offering immigrants health promotive programs in close connection with arrival to the new home country. Future research should clarify under what circumstances sociodemographic factors influence the effects of such programs. </jats:sec

    Molecular Basis of Enhanced Activity in Factor VIIa-Trypsin Variants Conveys Insights into Tissue Factor-mediated Allosteric Regulation of Factor VIIa Activity

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    The complex of coagulation factor VIIa (FVIIa), a trypsin-like serine protease, and membrane-bound tissue factor (TF) initiates blood coagulation upon vascular injury. Binding of TF to FVIIa promotes allosteric conformational changes in the FVIIa protease domain and improves its catalytic properties. Extensive studies have revealed two putative pathways for this allosteric communication. Here we provide further details of this allosteric communication by investigating FVIIa loop swap variants containing the 170 loop of trypsin that display TF-independent enhanced activity. Using x-ray crystallography, we show that the introduced 170 loop from trypsin directly interacts with the FVIIa active site, stabilizing segment 215–217 and activation loop 3, leading to enhanced activity. Molecular dynamics simulations and novel fluorescence quenching studies support that segment 215–217 conformation is pivotal to the enhanced activity of the FVIIa variants. We speculate that the allosteric regulation of FVIIa activity by TF binding follows a similar path in conjunction with protease domain N terminus insertion, suggesting a more complete molecular basis of TF-mediated allosteric enhancement of FVIIa activity

    A material degradation study of novel FeCrAl alloys, stainless steels and nickel base alloy in fluidized bed heat exchangers of a waste-fired CFB boiler

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    This study aimed to evaluate the material degradation resistance of two newly developed FeCrAl alloys exposed within the loop seal region of an 85 MWth waste-fired CFB boiler in Sweden. In addition to the FeCrAl alloys, two commercial austenitic stainless steel and one nickel base (Ni-base) alloy were also studied. The samples were exposed for 6 and 12 months by clamping half-moon rings onto tubes of the installed superheater bundle, achieving a material temperature of 500–520 \ub0C. The material degradation of the samples was assessed by evaluating material loss using an ultrasonic thickness gauge in combination with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Microstructural analysis was carried out using SEM coupled with Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Both FeCrAl alloys showed promising results achieving material losses in the same range as the investigated austenitic stainless steels and the Ni-base alloy. A thin inward-growing Cr/Al-rich and thick outward-growing Fe-rich oxide were present for the FeCrAl alloys, and an internal nitridation zone was formed in the material matrix close to the metal/oxide interphase. The material loss and extent of the corrosion attack for the austenitic stainless steels varied depending on the alloy composition. However, the corrosion attack remained similar, as all the austenitic steels suffered from internal and intergranular corrosion. For the Ni-base alloy, the attack was defined by an internal Cr-rich oxide formation with no intergranular corrosion. This study suggests that the novel FeCrAl alloys provide satisfying resistance towards corrosion and erosion of the fluidized bed heat exchangers in the loop seal region of a waste-fired boiler. In addition, the stainless steel SX and the Ni-base alloy Sanicro\uae 69 performed well. Furthermore, the results revealed that corrosion rather than erosion was the dominating degradation process of the investigated samples, as deposit formation was observed on most of the samples as well as corrosion product layers. Thus, the erosive aspect of the attack was expected to be minor

    Multi-decadal changes in tundra environments and ecosystems: Synthesis of the International Polar Year-Back to the Future Project (IPY-BTF).

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    Understanding the responses of tundra systems to global change has global implications. Most tundra regions lack sustained environmental monitoring and one of the only ways to document multi-decadal change is to resample historic research sites. The International Polar Year (IPY) provided a unique opportunity for such research through the Back to the Future (BTF) project (IPY project #512). This article synthesizes the results from 13 papers within this Ambio Special Issue. Abiotic changes include glacial recession in the Altai Mountains, Russia; increased snow depth and hardness, permafrost warming, and increased growing season length in sub-arctic Sweden; drying of ponds in Greenland; increased nutrient availability in Alaskan tundra ponds, and warming at most locations studied. Biotic changes ranged from relatively minor plant community change at two sites in Greenland to moderate change in the Yukon, and to dramatic increases in shrub and tree density on Herschel Island, and in sub-arctic Sweden. The population of geese tripled at one site in northeast Greenland where biomass in non-grazed plots doubled. A model parameterized using results from a BTF study forecasts substantial declines in all snowbeds and increases in shrub tundra on Niwot Ridge, Colorado over the next century. In general, results support and provide improved capacities for validating experimental manipulation, remote sensing, and modeling studies

    Retrospective evaluation of whole exome and genome mutation calls in 746 cancer samples

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    Funder: NCI U24CA211006Abstract: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) curated consensus somatic mutation calls using whole exome sequencing (WES) and whole genome sequencing (WGS), respectively. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, which aggregated whole genome sequencing data from 2,658 cancers across 38 tumour types, we compare WES and WGS side-by-side from 746 TCGA samples, finding that ~80% of mutations overlap in covered exonic regions. We estimate that low variant allele fraction (VAF < 15%) and clonal heterogeneity contribute up to 68% of private WGS mutations and 71% of private WES mutations. We observe that ~30% of private WGS mutations trace to mutations identified by a single variant caller in WES consensus efforts. WGS captures both ~50% more variation in exonic regions and un-observed mutations in loci with variable GC-content. Together, our analysis highlights technological divergences between two reproducible somatic variant detection efforts

    SÄnt Àr livet : En studie om elevers uppfattningar av liv och levande organismer

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    Det har tidigare visat sig att lÀrare under biologilektioner ofta anvÀnder sig av begreppet liv som om detta vore ett sjÀlvklart fenomen (Keeley, 2002) och enligt lÀroplanen ska elever lÀra sig skilja pÄ levande organismer och icke levande omgivning (Skolverket, 2011). Syftet med denna studie Àr att undersöka vilka uppfattningar elever i Ärskurs 4 har om fenomenet liv. Detta för att lyfta fram svÄrigheter och synliggöra hur undervisningen kan anpassas och förbÀttras med utgÄngspunkt i elevernas förförstÄelse. Studien baseras pÄ en enkÀtundersökning som gjordes av sammanlagt 46 elever frÄn tvÄ klasser. DÀrefter genomfördes 13 efterföljande intervjuer med elever frÄn de bÄda klasserna. Det visar sig i denna studie att eleverna framför allt anvÀnder sig av tio olika kriterier för att bestÀmma om nÄgonting lever eller inte. Dessa Àr rörelse, kognitiv förmÄga, behov av nÀring, vÀxande, skapande av ljud, andning, blodomlopp, fÀrg, behov av vatten och förökning. Det visar sig Àven att eleverna inte konsekvent anvÀnder sig av nÄgra specifika kriterium utan Àndrar dessa beroende pÄ organismen. Eleverna i undersökningen anser Àven att det finns olika typer av liv och att organismer kan leva pÄ olika sÀtt. Det visar sig Àven att flera av elevernas kriterium kan liknas med vetenskapliga teorier om liv, men att olika tolkningar av enskilda begrepp ofta leder till att objekt i undersökningen felaktigt klassificeras som levande eller döda

    Fysisk aktivitet : en slagkraftig företagsstrategi

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    Syfte: Syftet med denna studie Ă€r att identifiera och skapa förstĂ„else kring hur företag anvĂ€nder fysisk aktivitet som en strategi för en mer hĂ€lsosam och lönsam arbetsplats. Vidare vill vi att studien ska vara ett underlag för andra företag som vill implementera fysisk aktivitet pĂ„ arbetsplatsen. Metod: Genomförande har skett via en kvalitativ forskningsmetod med en abduktiv ansats. Fem semistrukturerade intervjuer med olika organisationer har gjorts, dĂ€r intervju skett med en personen i företaget som de sjĂ€lva ansett lĂ€mpade att besvara forskningsfrĂ„gan. Slutsats: Stuiden har visat att det finns flera olika sĂ€tt att anvĂ€nda fysisk aktivitet som en strategi för en mer hĂ€lsosam och lönsam arbetsplats. Vi har vi identifierat att företag som anvĂ€nder sig av fysisk aktivitet blir en attraktivare arbetsplats och samtliga respondenter pĂ„stĂ„r att det Ă€r den frĂ€msta konkurrensfördelen med strategin. UtifrĂ„n vĂ„rt resultat finner vi det ”optimala sĂ€ttet” att anvĂ€nda fysisk aktivitet pĂ„. Det Ă€r obligatorisk form pĂ„ arbetstid med en tydlig kravbild för att erhĂ„lla önskvĂ€rda effekter

    Integration av ERP-system efter företagsförvÀrv : Utmaningar ur konsultens perspektiv

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    FöretagsförvÀrv har blivit en allt vanligare strategi för tillvÀxt hos företagen för att ta nya marknadsandelar och utöka sitt produktutbud. En allt vanligare problematik efter ett företagsförvÀrv Àr integrationen av ERP-system. VÄrt syfte med studien Àr att öka företagens möjligheter att genomföra lyckade ERP-integreringar efter företagsförvÀrv. Genom att beskriva problematiken runt integrationer efter företagsförvÀrv, har vi identifierat utmaningar och föreslagit lösningar som kan öka företagens möjlighet att genomföra lyckade ERP-integreringar. Det har lett fram till problemformuleringen: Hur kan företag öka sina möjligheter att genomföra lyckade ERP-integreringar efter företagsförvÀrv? Vi har genomfört en kvalitativ undersökning dÀr sex konsulter med tidigare erfarenheter frÄn integrationsprojekt intervjuades. Vi har utöver dessa intervjuer genomfört fem uppföljningsintervjuer dÀr vi validerade vÄrt resultat. Denna studie har inga ambitioner att ge en fullÀndad bild av ÀmnesomrÄdet kring ERP-integrationer. IstÀllet kommer vi utifrÄn befintlig litteratur och insamlad empiri presentera slutsatser adresserat till projektledningen av ERP-integrationer. Studiens resultat bestÄr av sex olika utmaningar som Àr: bedöma omfattning, skapa enhetlig mÄlsÀttning, skapa förÀndringsklimat, integrera företagskulturer, genomföra kunskapsöverföring och genomföra Äterkoppling tillsammans. Vi ger Àven förslag pÄ lösningar för hur det gÄr att hantera dessa utmaningar

    Patienters tillfredsstÀllelse av smÀrtlindring vid akut smÀrta inom akutsjukvÄrd : En litteraturstudie

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    Bakgrund: Akut smĂ€rta Ă€r en av det vanligaste orsakerna till besök pĂ„ akutmottagningar nationellt och internationellt. Det Ă€r viktigt att patienter erhĂ„ller en adekvat smĂ€rtlindring dĂ„ de annars kan riskera akuta och kroniska besvĂ€r, behöva utstĂ„ onödigt lidande bĂ„de pĂ„ kort och lĂ„ng sikt samt Ă€ven utveckla en misstro till vĂ„rden. Syfte: Att utifrĂ„n litteraturen undersöka patienters tillfredsstĂ€llelse av smĂ€rtlindring vid akut smĂ€rta inom akutsjukvĂ„rden.Metod: Litteraturöversikt med induktiv ansats. 14 studier inkluderades i arbetet samtliga hĂ€mtades frĂ„n Pubmed eller CINAHL. Resultatet skapades genom en tematisk analys av de inkluderade studiernas resultat. Resultat: Tre teman identifierades efter analys av inkluderade studier. Dessa var faktorer som pĂ„verkar tillfredstĂ€llelsen, faktorer som effektiviserar behandling och pĂ„verkar tillfredstĂ€llelsen samt upplevelser av behandling som pĂ„verkar tillfredstĂ€llelsen. VĂ„rdpersonalens bemötande, att patienter fĂ„r smĂ€rtlindring i tid samt att patienter faktiskt erbjuds smĂ€rtlindring var faktorer som pĂ„verkar tillfredsstĂ€llelsen av smĂ€rtlindringen. SmĂ€rtprotokoll samt rĂ€dslor/oro som patienter hade kunde ocksĂ„ vara faktorer som pĂ„verkade tillfredsstĂ€llelsen av handlĂ€ggningen av deras akuta smĂ€rta inom akutsjukvĂ„rden. Slutsats: För att patienter ska kĂ€nna tillfredstĂ€llelse av smĂ€rtlindring vid akut smĂ€rta inom akutsjukvĂ„rden bör patienter erhĂ„lla smĂ€rtlindring, erhĂ„lla den i tid samt att en vĂ„rdrelation baserad pĂ„ tillit etableras mellan vĂ„rdgivare och patient.Background: One of the most common reasons for patients visiting emergency care units are due to acute pain of some sort both nationally and internationally. It’s therefore of great importance that these patients are offered an adequate treatment for their pain, if not this could lead to acute and chronic discomfort, unnecessary suffering both in a short and a long time perspective and ultimately even to distrust in the emergency healthcare system. Aim: To investigate the literature on patients’ satisfaction with pain management provided by emergency care.Method: A literature review with an inductive approach. A total of 14 articles from the PubMed and CINAHL databases are included and are presented through a thematic analysis. Results: Three themes were identified after the analysis of the included articles. These consist of factors that affect satisfaction, factors that increase the effectiveness of management and affect satisfaction and experiences towards treatment that affect satisfaction. The compassion from caregivers, the fact that patients received analgesics and in good time are all factors that contributed to increased satisfaction among patients. Different pain protocols and fears/worries that patients may have were also factors that contributed to how satisfied the patients felt about the management of their acute pain in the emergency care setting. Conclusion: Key factors when it comes to satisfactory treatment of patients in acute pain are: receiving analgesia, receiving analgesia on time and the establishment of a relationship based on trust between patient and caregiver
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