Arbeiderkollektivet i dag - replikasjon og teoretisk utvikling

Sverre Lysgaards teori om arbetarkollektivet är fortfarande en inflytelserik klassiker inom skandinavisk arbetslivsforskning. Lysgaards studie genomfördes i en massa- och pappersfabrik på 1950-talet och Jonas Axelsson, Jan Ch. Karlsson och Egil J. Skorstad har nu återvänt till fabriken för att ta reda på vad som hänt med arbetarkollektivet sedan dess. Genom observationer på arbetsplatsen och intervjuer med arbetare, ingenjörer och chefer, i tillägg till att de har haft tillgång till data från 1950-talet och 1980-talet, kan författarna kartlägga den teknologiska och arbetsorganisatoriska utvecklingen och dess påverkan på arbetarkollektivet. Utifrån denna analys föreslår de två förändringar i Lysgaards teori. Den ena är att dela upp det han omtalar som det ”tekniskt-ekonomiska systemet” i två relativt autonoma system, det tekniska och det ekonomiska. Det andra är att analysera hur kollektivet har infiltrerat det tekniska, men inte det ekonomiska systemet.Lysgaards teori om arbeiderkollektivet er fortsatt en innflytelsesrik klassiker i skandinavisk arbeidslivsforskning. Studien ble gjennomført i en masse- og papirfabrikk på 1950-tallet, og vi har returnert til fabrikken for å finne ut hva som har skjedd med arbeiderkollektivet. Gjennom observasjoner på arbeidsplassen og intervjuer med arbeidere, ingeniører og sjefer, i tillegg til at vi har hatt tilgang til data fra 1950- og 1980-tallet, kan vi kartlegge den teknologiske og arbeidsorganisatoriske utviklingen og dens påvirkning på arbeiderkollektivet. På basis av dette foreslår vi to typer endringer av Lysgaards teori. Den ene er å dele opp det Lysgaard omtaler som det teknisk/økonomiske system i to relativt autonome system, det tekniske respektive det økonomiske systemet. Den andre er å analysere hvordan kollektivet har infiltrert det tekniske, men ikke det økonomiske systemet.Lysgaard’s theory of the worker collectivity is still an influential classic in Scandinavian working-life research. The study was carried out in a pulp and paper mill in the late 1950s and we have returned to the plant to find out what has happened to the worker collectivity. Through observations at the workplace and interviews with workers, engineers and managers, as well as having access to data from the 1950s and 1980s, we are able to map the development of technology, work organization and the collectivity. On this basis, we suggest two changes to Lysgaard’s theory. One is to conceptually split what Lysgaard called the technical/economic system into two relatively autonomous systems – the technical and the economic, respectively. The other is to analyse the way in which the collectivity has infiltrated the technical, but not the economic system.publishedVersio

Campylobacter jejuni Colonization in Wild Birds: Results from an Infection Experiment

Campylobacter jejuni is a common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in most parts of the world. The bacterium has a broad host range and has been isolated from many animals and environments. To investigate shedding patterns and putative effects on an avian host, we developed a colonization model in which a wild bird species, the European Robin Erithacus rubecula, was inoculated orally with C. jejuni from either a human patient or from another wild bird species, the Song Thrush Turdus philomelos. These two isolates were genetically distinct from each other and provoked very different host responses. The Song Thrush isolate colonized all challenged birds and colonization lasted 6.8 days on average. Birds infected with this isolate also showed a transient but significant decrease in body mass. The human isolate did not colonize the birds and could be detected only in the feces of the birds shortly after inoculation. European Robins infected with the wild bird isolate generated a specific antibody response to C. jejuni membrane proteins from the avian isolate, which also was cross-reactive to membrane proteins of the human isolate. In contrast, European Robins infected with the human isolate did not mount a significant response to bacterial membrane proteins from either of the two isolates. The difference in colonization ability could indicate host adaptations

Avelsvärdering för svensk lammproduktion

Syftet med detta projekt var att utveckla avelsvärderingen av får genom samlade avelsvärden som innefattar flera egenskaper, däribland de nya egenskaperna lammöverlevnad och tackans livslängd, att identifiera skillnader och likheter mellan får på konventionella och ekologiska gårdar ur ett avelsperspektiv samt att utveckla en bioekonomisk modell för att kombinera flera egenskaper i ett avelsvärde med ekonomiska vikter. Information om djuren kom från databasen Elitlamm och från KRAV kom information om besättningar i ekologisk produktion. Vi skattade genetiska parametrar för produktions- och reproduktionsegenskaper. Vi fann en tydlig skillnad mellan djur i ekologisk och konventionell produktion: tackorna i ekologiska besättningar får fler kullar. Baggarnas avelsvärde grundat på information från avkommor i ekologisk produktion skiljde sig från avelsvärdet grundat på information från avkommor i konventionell produktion. Den bioekonomiska modellen gav olika ekonomiska vikter för olika raser och för de två produktionssystemen

Proconvertase Furin Is Downregulated in Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome.

Background: Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) is a cardiovascular autonomic disorder characterized by orthostatic intolerance and high prevalence among young women. The etiology of POTS is uncertain, though autoimmunity and inflammation may play an important role. We aimed to identify novel inflammatory biomarkers associated with POTS. Methods and Results: In the Syncope Study of Unselected Population in Malmö (SYSTEMA) cohort, we identified 396 patients (age range, 15-50 years) with either POTS (n = 113) or normal haemodynamic response during passive head-up-tilt test (n = 283). Blood samples were analyzed using antibody-based Proximity Extension Assay technique simultaneously measuring 57 inflammatory protein biomarkers. The discovery algorithm was a sequential two-step process of biomarker signature identification by supervised, multivariate, principal component analysis and verification by univariate ANOVA with Bonferroni correction. POTS patients were younger (26 vs. 31 years; p < 0.001) and there was no significant difference in sex distribution (74% vs. 67% females, p = 0.24). PCA and Bonferroni-adjusted ANOVA identified proconvertase furin as the most robust biomarker signature for POTS. Plasma level of proconvertase furin was lower (6.38 vs. 6.58 of normalized protein expression units (NPX); p < 0.001 in POTS, compared with the reference group. Proconvertase furin met Bonferroni-adjusted significance criteria in both uni- and multivariable regression analyses. Conclusion: Patients with POTS have lower plasma level of proconvertase furin compared with individuals with normal postural hemodynamic response. This finding suggests the presence of a specific autoimmune trait with disruption of immune peripheral tolerance in this hitherto unexplained condition. Further studies are needed for external validation of our results.This study was supported by grants from the Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation, the Swedish Heart and Lung Association, the Medical Faculty of Lund University, ALF funds, Skne University Hospital Funds, Crafoord Foundation, Ernhold Lundstrms Research Foundation, Region Skåne, Hulda and Conrad Mossfelt Foundation, and Anna-Lisa and Sven Eric Lundgrens Foundation for Medical Research

Characterization of a double-sided silicon strip detector autoradiography system

The most commonly used technology currently used for autoradiography is storage phosphor screens, which has many benefits such as a large field of view but lacks particle-counting detection of the time and energy of each detected radionuclide decay. A number of alternative designs, using either solid state or scintillator detectors, have been developed to address these issues. The aim of this study is to characterize the imaging performance of one such instrument, a double-sided silicon strip detector (DSSD) system for digital autoradiography. A novel aspect of this work is that the instrument, in contrast to previous prototype systems using the same detector type, provides the ability for user accessible imaging with higher throughput. Studies were performed to compare its spatial resolution to that of storage phosphor screens and test the implementation of multiradionuclide ex vivo imaging in a mouse preclinical animal study

Advances in Computational Social Science and Social Simulation

Aquesta conferència és la celebració conjunta de la "10th Artificial Economics Conference AE", la "10th Conference of the European Social Simulation Association ESSA" i la "1st Simulating the Past to Understand Human History SPUHH".Conferència organitzada pel Laboratory for Socio­-Historical Dynamics Simulation (LSDS-­UAB) de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona.Readers will find results of recent research on computational social science and social simulation economics, management, sociology,and history written by leading experts in the field. SOCIAL SIMULATION (former ESSA) conferences constitute annual events which serve as an international platform for the exchange of ideas and discussion of cutting edge research in the field of social simulations, both from the theoretical as well as applied perspective, and the 2014 edition benefits from the cross-fertilization of three different research communities into one single event. The volume consists of 122 articles, corresponding to most of the contributions to the conferences, in three different formats: short abstracts (presentation of work-in-progress research), posters (presentation of models and results), and full papers (presentation of social simulation research including results and discussion). The compilation is completed with indexing lists to help finding articles by title, author and thematic content. We are convinced that this book will serve interested readers as a useful compendium which presents in a nutshell the most recent advances at the frontiers of computational social sciences and social simulation researc

Adaptation of ventricular repolarization to heart rate change in humans

Background: Life-threatening cardiac rhythm disturbances and sudden death are common manifestations of heart disease. Disturbances in electrical recovery (ventricular repolarization; VR) are important mechanisms behind ventricular arrhythmias, which often occur in relation to changes in heart rate (HR). It is therefore of both theoretical and clinical interest to study the adaptation of VR to changes in HR. Aims: To investigate the adaptation of VR duration (QT and QTpeak) and VR heterogeneity (aka dispersion; T area, T amplitude and ventricular gradient) in response to changes in HR in subjects without structural heart disease and in patients with long QT syndrome type 1 (LQT1). Methods: VR adaptation to HR changes was investigated in three clinical studies (four papers). In Paper I, patients scheduled for ablation of supraventricular tachycardia were incrementally paced in the atrium to an HR of 120–140 bpm, and the pacing was halted after 5 min. In Papers II and III, the HR increase was induced by sudden atrial or ventricular pacing, repeated at intervals comprising at least one month and was performed with the use of permanent pacemakers in patients with sick sinus disease. In Paper IV, an intravenous bolus of atropine was used to increase HR in patients with LQT1 and in healthy subjects. In all studies, vectorcardiography was used to record the electrical activity of the heart. Results: Papers I and II: The adaptation of VR duration to a sustained HR change was mono-exponential, took 1.5–2.5 min and was longer following decreasing vs increasing HR. The intra-individual coefficient of variation for QT adaptation to increasing HR was ≤10%. Paper III: There were significant differences in the adaptation of global measures of electrical heterogeneity (dispersion) between HR increase induced by atrial vs ventricular pacing. For both pacing modes, the adaptation occurred in 2–3 rapidly changing phases. QT adaptation was faster in LQT1 patients vs healthy controls. Conclusions: The adaptation of VR duration is gradual, takes longer in response to decreasing vs increasing HR and is intra-individually a stable process over time. The bi- or tri-phasic VR dispersion response possibly identifies a time period of electrical vulnerability. The atropine ‘stress test’ for VR adaptation is safe and feasible in LQT1 and could potentially be used as a future tool for risk assessment and prognosis

Retailing in year 2019 A Delphi study

Information technology development has in recent decades had a major impact on retailing. Discount supermarket chains began to offer customers the possibility to shop without the requirement to do this over the counter, instead the customer could help themselves buying the products they wanted. Retailing today has an even greater focus on the self service in the supermarkets, recently many retailing chains has introduced self-checkout systems to increase the profits and reduce staffing requirements. In the 1960’s the start for today's ecommerce was founded, however the development took off 30 years later in the beginning of 1990. During the first years of 2000 the consumption on the Internet increased rapidly. When looking back on the swiftly changes in the retailing business it’s hard to not think on how future development might look and what’s influencing it. The purpose of this candidate thesis was to examine a future development of retailing with focus on the usage of information technology. The time horizon in this future study was five to ten years ahead. The methodology used in this thesis was based on Delphi. The selection of methodology was motivated because of the many advantages when performing prospective studies. Interviews can be conducted by phone, e-mail and meetings, which is an advantage when the study participants are located in different parts of the country. The participants have been answering questions about influencing trends and factors within retailing business and their thoughts and opinions where compiled to predict how a future development could look. Results of the study are a compilation of expert opinions that representing the most influencing trends and factors for the retailing business usage of information technology in the next five to ten years