Prospectus, February 13, 1973

COPHER, LOOKINGBILL SARP WINNERS; New campus organization to form; Access new WPGU show; SIU rep here; \u27Tar\u27 speaker at PC; PC Vets\u27 blood drive; Engineering invite at UI; The world\u27s great religions; Debate team meets DuPage; Let it not be said…; Commentary on Johnson and Nixon; Calsonis; Movie Review: The Poseidon Adventure ; Speaking of Sports; Ag students have \u27no job hassles\u27; Black schools have great opportunity; Discovering oneself through SRLhttps://spark.parkland.edu/prospectus_1973/1012/thumbnail.jp

Efavirenz directly modulates the oestrogen receptor and induces breast cancer cell growth

Efavirenz-based HIV therapy is associated with breast hypertrophy and gynaecomastia. Here, we tested the hypothesis that efavirenz induces gynaecomastia through direct binding and modulation of the oestrogen receptor (ER).To determine the effect of efavirenz on growth, the oestrogen-dependent, ER-positive breast cancer cell lines MCF-7, T47D and ZR-75-1 were treated with efavirenz under oestrogen-free conditions in the presence or absence of the anti-oestrogen ICI 182,780. Cells treated with 17β-oestradiol in the absence or presence of ICI 182,780 served as positive and negative controls, respectively. Cellular growth was assayed using the crystal violet staining method and an in vitro receptor binding assay was used to measure the ER binding affinity of efavirenz.Efavirenz induced growth in MCF-7 cells with an estimated effective concentration for half-maximal growth (EC 50 ) of 15.7 μM. This growth was reversed by ICI 182,780. Further, efavirenz binds directly to the ER [inhibitory concentration for half maximal binding (IC 50 ) of ∼52 μM] at a roughly 1000-fold higher concentration than observed with 17β-oestradiol.Our data suggest that efavirenz-induced gynaecomastia may be caused, at least in part, by drug-induced ER activation in breast tissues.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/79275/1/j.1468-1293.2010.00831.x.pd

Prospectus, April 25, 1973

NEW STUGO REPRESENTATIVES; 4-day nutrition workshop; Student\u27s views sought; Broken Hearts; Junior college visitation day; Student to give report to Academy; May elected chairman of nurse ass\u27n; Day Senator: Brenda Kendricks; Day Senator: Earnest Hite; Day Senator: Ken Segan; Convocations: Bill Tigrak; United Farm Workers organize boycotts; To the Editor; Brenda and Leroy; Judging teams; Festival; haiku; poem; incentive; Women welcome!; AAUW Scholarship awarded; Bridge tourney; bullet; Magical Mystery Tour: A quickie visit to Parkland\u27s new campus; What would you like to know about the new campus?; Prof Spectus; \u27How dare you presume I\u27m straight?\u27 Notes of a lesbian; PC bowlers romp to victory in 1st central Illinois tourney; From above an athlete\u27s feet; What\u27s decent to eat?; Baseballers win three of four games; Track team has high hopes; Changes in PC athletics; Thinclads take third; Wrestlinghttps://spark.parkland.edu/prospectus_1973/1008/thumbnail.jp

Incidence of tuberculosis among HIV-infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy in Europe and North America

Background. We obtained estimates of the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) among patients receiving HAART and identified determinants of the incidence. Methods. We analyzed the incidence of TB during the first 3 years after initiation of HAART among 17,142 treatment-naive, AIDS- free persons starting HAART who were enrolled in 12 cohorts from Europe and North America. We used univariable and multivariable Poisson regression models to identify factors associated with the incidence. Results. During the first 3 years (36,906 person-years), 173 patients developed TB (incidence, 4.69 cases per 1000 person-years). In multivariable analysis, the incidence rate was lower for men who have sex with men, compared with injection drug users (relative rate, 2.46; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.51-4.01), heterosexuals (relative rate, 2.42; 95% CI, 1.64-3.59), those with other suspected modes of transmission (relative rate, 1.66; 95% CI, 0.91-3.06), and those with a higher CD4(+) count at the time of HAART initiation (relative rate per log(2) cells/mL, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.84-0.91). During 28,846 person-years of follow-up after the first 6 months of HAART, 88 patients developed TB (incidence, 3.1 cases per 1000 person-years of follow-up). In multivariable analyses, a low baseline CD4(+) count (relative rate per log(2) cells/mL, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.83-0.96), 6-month CD4(+) count (relative rate per log(2) cells/mL, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.81-0.99), and a 6-month HIV RNA level 1400 copies/mL (relative rate, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.33-3.67) were significantly associated with the risk of acquiring TB after 6 months of HAART. Conclusion. The level of immunodeficiency at which HAART is initiated and the response to HAART are important determinants of the risk of TB. However, this risk remains appreciable even among those with a good response to HAART, suggesting that other interventions may be needed to control the TB epidemic in the HIV-infected population

Combination antiretroviral therapy and the risk of myocardial infarction RID C-2464-2008 RID B-4427-2008 RID H-3944-2011 RID B-5656-2009 RID E-7045-2010 RID A-1057-2008

Background: It remains controversial whether exposure to combination antiretroviral treatment increases the risk of myocardial infarction. Methods: In this prospective observational study, we enrolled 23,468 patients from 11 previously established cohorts from December 1999 to April 2001 and collected follow-up data until February 2002. Data were collected on infection with the human immunodeficiency virus and on risk factors for and the incidence of myocardial infarction. Relative rates were calculated with Poisson regression models. Combination antiretroviral therapy was defined as any combination regimen of antiretroviral drugs that included a protease inhibitor or a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Results: Over a period of 36,199 person-years, 126 patients had a myocardial infarction. The incidence of myocardial infarction increased with longer exposure to combination antiretroviral therapy (adjusted relative rate per year of exposure, 1.26 [95 percent confidence interval, 1.12 to 1.41]; P<0.001). Other factors significantly associated with myocardial infarction were older age, current or former smoking, previous cardiovascular disease, and male sex, but not a family history of coronary heart disease. A higher total serum cholesterol level, a higher triglyceride level, and the presence of diabetes were also associated with an increased incidence of myocardial infarction. Conclusions: Combination antiretroviral therapy was independently associated with a 26 percent relative increase in the rate of myocardial infarction per year of exposure during the first four to six years of use. However, the absolute risk of myocardial infarction was low and must be balanced against the marked benefits from antiretroviral treatment