Status Quo und Potenzial handlungsorientierter Hochschuldidaktik mit Hilfe des Lernmanagementsystems: „ILIAS“ am Beispiel der beruflichen Lehrerbildung an der Leibniz Universität Hannover

Innerhalb des Bildungssektors geht der Trend seit Jahrzehnten, wie in vielen anderen gesellschaftlichen Bereichen, hin zur Digitalisierung von ganzen Systemen, Prozessen und Abhandlungen. Einen besonders großen Ansprung dieses Digitalisierungstrends kann seit der Erfindung und Einführung des Internets in den 1970er Jahren sowie des „World Wide Web“ und deren Weiterentwicklung zur Jahrtausendwende beobachtet werden. Durch die digitale Vernetzung der Gesellschaft und die damit gestiegenen Möglichkeiten des WWW stehen die Menschen heutzutage vor deutlich veränderten Herausforderungen als noch im 20. Jahrhundert. Ein deutliches Umdenken und die damit verbundenen Veränderungen in allen gesellschaftlichen Bereichen, nicht nur in Deutschland, sind besonders seit Anfang 2020 zu beobachten. Weltweit kommt es, aufgrund der „Covid19-Pandemie“ (vgl. Robert Koch-Institut 2020), zu bedrohlichen und teilweise kritischen Lebensumständen. Ein neuartiges Virus ist in der Folge international für deutlich über 300.000 Todesfälle (vgl. John-Hopkins-Universität 2020) verantwortlich. Um den öffentlichen Ansprüchen und Forderungen trotz der Krise gerecht zu werden sowie in Bezug auf die Weiterführung des Studiums an Hochschulen und Universitäten besonders den Empfehlungen wie u. a. des Niedersächsischen Ministeriums für Wissenschaft und Kultur (vgl. MWK 2020) zu befolgen, findet in allen Lebensbereichen eine beispiellose Zunahme an Digitalisierung statt. Von diesen Auswirkungen ist auch besonders der Bildungssektor betroffen. Durch die Schließung der öffentlichen Bildungseinrichtungen, wie u. a. auch die Leibniz Universität Hannover, werden ab dem Sommersemester 2020 Präsenzveranstaltungen durch Fernlehrveranstaltungen bzw. die Online-Lehre ersetzt. Alltägliche und sonst gängige Lehr-Lernsituationen müssen digital ersetzt oder zumindest digital angereichert werden, was es für eine bestimmte Dauer – wie der Covid19-Pandemie – einfacher machen kann den Lernenden auch in diesen Zeiten eine zeit- und ortsunabhängig Lernstoffvermittlung zu gewährleisten. In dieser Arbeit werden die Grundlagen des Status Quo des Bildungssektors beschrieben, die sich durch die Digitalisierung und besonders der Einführung von „Lernmanagementsystemen“ in den letzten Jahren erschlossen haben. Im Fokus steht dabei besonders das Potenzial, dass sich aus der Herangehensweise der „handlungsorientierten Hochschuldidaktik“ mit Hilfe der Lernmanagementsysteme verzeichnen lässt. So stellt sich die Frage des Mehrwerts von Lernmanagementsystemen zu konventionellen Lehr-Lernformen, insbesondere in Zeiten wie der COVID19-Pandemie. Außerdem wird das Potenzial der digitalen Unterstützung und hierbei besonders des Lernmanagementsystems „ILIAS“ in der beruflichen Lehrerbildung an der Leibniz Universität Hannover ergründet. Unter anderem durch die dabei eingesetzte Forschungsmethodik der Expertenund Fachinterviews wird im Kern dieser Arbeit schließlich eine abschätzende Annahme über die Entwicklungen des momentanen digitalen Wandels bzw. der zukünftigen Weiterentwicklung der Lehrerbildung an der LUH gebildet

Beamline design and performance

The Energy Materials In-Situ Laboratory Berlin (EMIL) at BESSY-II is currently under construction. Two canted undulators for soft- and hard X-rays will be installed into the BESSY II storage ring in one straight section, complex beamlines with more than twenty optical elements will be set up and a new laboratory building attached to BESSY II will host three endstations and a large UHV-transfer system connecting various HV- and UHV-deposition systems. The undulators, UE48 and U17, provide a broad energy spectrum of 80 - 10000 eV, of which the harder radiation (>700 eV) is provided by a cryogenic in- vacuum device. Three monochromators (two plane grating monochromators (PGM) and one LN2-cooled double crystal monochromator (DCM)) disperse the radiation into separate pathways of 65 m length, while downstream of the monochromators split-mirror chambers distribute the photon beam to one (or simultaneously to two) of five upcoming endstations. Three of these endstations are designed for the full energy range with spatial overlap of the soft and hard foci, whereas one endstation (PEEM) uses only the soft and another one (PINK) only the hard branch, respectively

BET bromodomain protein inhibition is a therapeutic option for medulloblastoma

Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor of childhood, and represents a significant clinical challenge in pediatric oncology, since overall survival currently remains under 70%. Patients with tumors overexpressing MYC or harboring a MYC oncogene amplification have an extremely poor prognosis. Pharmacologically inhibiting MYC expression may, thus, have clinical utility given its pathogenetic role in medulloblastoma. Recent studies using the selective small molecule BET inhibitor, JQ1, have identified BET bromodomain proteins, especially BRD4, as epigenetic regulatory factors for MYC and its targets. Targeting MYC expression by BET inhibition resulted in antitumoral effects in various cancers. Our aim here was to evaluate the efficacy of JQ1 against preclinical models for high-risk MYC-driven medulloblastoma. Treatment of medulloblastoma cell lines with JQ1 significantly reduced cell proliferation and preferentially induced apoptosis in cells expressing high levels of MYC. JQ1 treatment of medulloblastoma cell lines downregulated MYC expression and resulted in a transcriptional deregulation of MYC targets, and also significantly altered expression of genes involved in cell cycle progression and p53 signalling. JQ1 treatment prolonged the survival of mice harboring medulloblastoma xenografts and reduced the tumor burden in these mice. Our preclinical data provide evidence to pursue testing BET inhibitors, such as JQ1, as molecular targeted therapeutic options for patients with high-risk medulloblastomas overexpressing MYC or harboring MYC amplifications

Standardized Treatment and Diagnostic Approach to Reduce Disease burden in the early postoperative phase in children with congenital heart defects-STANDARD study: a pilot randomized controlled trial

To explore the effect of a daily goal checklist on pediatric cardiac intensive care unit (PCICU) length of stay (LOS) after congenital heart surgery. This study is a prospective randomized single-center study. Group characteristics were as follows: STANDARD group: n=30, 36.7% female, median age 0.9 years; control group: n=33, 36.4% female, median age 1.1 years. Invasive ventilation time, STAT categories, mean vasoactive-inotropic score (VIS)24h, maximal (max.) VIS24h, mean VIS24–48h, max. VIS24–48h, VIS category, number of sedatives, analgesics, diuretics, number of deployed diagnostic modalities, morbidities, and mortality did not differ between both groups. Median PCICU LOS was 96.0 h (STANDARD group) versus 101.5 h (control group) (p=0.63). In the overall cohort, univariate regression analysis identified age at surgery (b=−0.02), STAT category (b=18.3), severity of CHD (b=40.6), mean VIS24h (b=3.5), max. VIS24h (b=2.2), mean VIS24–48h (b=6.5), and VIS category (b=13.8) as significant parameters for prolonged PCICU LOS. In multivariate regression analysis, age at surgery (b=−0.2), severity of CHD (b=44.0), and mean VIS24h (b=6.7) were of significance. Within the STANDARD sub-group, univariate regression analysis determined STAT category (b=32.3), severity of CHD (b=70.0), mean VIS24h (b=5.0), mean VIS24–48h (b=5.9), number of defined goals (b=2.6), number of achieved goals (b=3.3), number of not achieved goals (b=10.8), and number of unevaluated goals (b=7.0) as significant parameters for prolonged PCICU LOS. Multivariate regression analysis identified the number of defined goals (b=2.5) and the number of unevaluated goals (b=−3.0) to be significant parameters. Conclusion: The structured realization and recording of daily goals is of advantage in patients following pediatric cardiac surgery by reducing PCICU LOS

Targeting tachykinin receptors in neuroblastoma

Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial tumor in children. Despite aggressive multimodal treatment, high-risk neuroblastoma remains a clinical challenge with survival rates below 50%. Adding targeted drugs to first-line therapy regimens is a promising approach to improve survival in these patients. TACR1 activation by substance P has been reported to be mitogenic in cancer cell lines. Tachykinin receptor (TACR1) antagonists are approved for clinical use as an antiemetic remedy since 2003. Tachykinin receptor inhibition has recently been shown to effectively reduce growth of several tumor types. Here, we report that neuroblastoma cell lines express TACR1, and that targeting TACR1 activity significantly reduced cell viability and induced apoptosis in neuroblastoma cell lines. Gene expression profiling revealed that TACR1 inhibition repressed E2F2 and induced TP53 signaling. Treating mice harboring established neuroblastoma xenograft tumors with Aprepitant also significantly reduced tumor burden. Thus, we provide evidence that the targeted inhibition of tachykinin receptor signaling shows therapeutic efficacy in preclinical models for high-risk neuroblastoma

Differential expression of microRNAs following cardiopulmonary bypass in children with congenital heart diseases

Background: Children with congenital heart defects (CHDs) are at high risk for myocardial failure after operative procedures with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Recent studies suggest that microRNAs (miRNA) are involved in the development of CHDs and myocardial failure. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine alterations in the miRNA profle in heart tissue after cardiac surgery using CPB. Methods: In total, 14 tissue samples from right atrium were collected from patients before and after connection of the CPB. SurePrint™ 8 × 60K Human v21 miRNA array and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reac‑ tion (RT-qPCR) were employed to determine the miRNA expression profle from three patients before and after con‑ nection of the CPB. Enrichment analyses of altered miRNA expression were predicted using bioinformatic tools. Results: According to miRNA array, a total of 90 miRNAs were signifcantly altered including 29 miRNAs with increased and 61 miRNAs with decreased expression after de-connection of CPB (n = 3) compared to before CPB (n = 3). Seven miRNAs had been validated using RT-qPCR in an independent cohort of 11 patients. Enrichment analyses applying the KEGG database displayed the highest correlation for signaling pathways, cellular community, cardiovascular disease and circulatory system. Conclusion: Our result identifed the overall changes of the miRNome in right atrium tissue of patients with CHDs after CPB. The diferentially altered miRNAs lay a good foundation for further understanding of the molecular function of changed miRNAs in regulating CHDs and after CPB in particula

Autonomic modulation and antiarrhythmic therapy in a model of long QT syndrome type 3

AIMS: Clinical observations in patients with long QT syndrome carrying sodium channel mutations (LQT3) suggest that bradycardia caused by parasympathetic stimulation may provoke torsades de pointes (TdP). beta-Adrenoceptor blockers appear less effective in LQT3 than in other forms of the disease. METHODS AND RESULTS: We studied effects of autonomic modulation on arrhythmias in vivo and in vitro and quantified sympathetic innervation by autoradiography in heterozygous mice with a knock-in deletion (DeltaKPQ) in the Scn5a gene coding for the cardiac sodium channel and increased late sodium current (LQT3 mice). Cholinergic stimulation by carbachol provoked bigemini and TdP in freely roaming LQT3 mice. No arrhythmias were provoked by physical stress, mental stress, isoproterenol, or atropine. In isolated, beating hearts, carbachol did not prolong action potentials per se, but caused bradycardia and rate-dependent action potential prolongation. The muscarinic inhibitor AFDX116 prevented effects of carbachol on heart rate and arrhythmias. beta-Adrenoceptor stimulation suppressed arrhythmias, shortened rate-corrected action potential duration, increased rate, and minimized difference in late sodium current between genotypes. beta-Adrenoceptor density was reduced in LQT3 hearts. Acute beta-adrenoceptor blockade by esmolol, propranolol or chronic propranolol in vivo did not suppress arrhythmias. Chronic flecainide pre-treatment prevented arrhythmias (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Cholinergic stimulation provokes arrhythmias in this model of LQT3 by triggering bradycardia. beta-Adrenoceptor density is reduced, and beta-adrenoceptor blockade does not prevent arrhythmias. Sodium channel blockade and beta-adrenoceptor stimulation suppress arrhythmias by shortening repolarization and minimizing difference in late sodium current.status: publishe

Beiträge zum 28. Darmstädter Geotechnik-Kolloquium am 09. März 2022

Themenschwerpunkte: 1. Modell- und Feldversuche 2. Digitalisierung und künstliche Intelligenz in der Geotechnik 3. Nationale und internationale Großprojekte 4. Normung und Rechtliche