PV-1: Leukocyte trafficking molecule and vascular marker

The distinction between lymphatic vessels and blood vessels is a crucial factor in many studies in immunology, vascular biology and cancer biology. They both share several characteristics and perform related, though different functions. They are equally important for the performance of the human immune system with the continuous recirculation of leukocytes from the tissues via lymphatics to the blood vessels and back into the tissue presenting the link between both systems. This study was undertaken to elucidate the differences in the gene expression between primary blood- and lymphatic endothelial cells as well as the two immortalized cell lines HMEC-1 (human microvascular endothelial cell line 1) and TIME (telomerase immortalized microvascular endothelial cell line). Furthermore, we wanted to investigate the mystery surrounding the identity of the antigen recognized by the prototype blood vascular marker PAL-E. In the last step we wanted to study whether the PAL-E antigen would be involved in the process of leukocyte migration from the bloodstream into the surrounding tissue. Our results clearly show that the gene expression in primary blood endothelial cells (BEC), lymphatic endothelial cells (LEC) and the cell lines HMEC-1 and TIME is plastic. Comparison of a large set of BEC- and LEC datasets allowed us to assemble a catalog of new, stable BEC- or LEC specific markers, which we verified in independent experiments. Additionally, several lines of evidence demonstrated that PAL-E recognizes plasmalemma vesicle associated protein 1 (PV-1), which can form complexes with vimentin and neuropilin-1. Finally, numerous in vitro and in vivo experiments identify the first function of the protein PV-1 during leukocyte trafficking, where it acts as regulatory molecule.Siirretty Doriast

Plasticity of Blood- and Lymphatic Endothelial Cells and Marker Identification

Peer reviewe

Modelling of labour markets in the European Union: Interim Report I, Part I ; DG EMPL/D/1 ref. No. VC/2007/0344

from the Table of Contents: Introduction; Labour markets in the EU; Literature survey; Outline of the model; Data description; Appendix; List of tables; List of figures

Modelling of labour markets in the European Union: Documentation of the base-model - Interim Report I, Part II ; DG EMPL/D/1 ref. No. VC/2007/0344

from the Table of Contents: Introduction; Basic Structure of the Model; Life-Cycle Description of Households; Lifecycle Optimization; Production and Wage Bargaining; Public Sector; Welfare Analysis

Using crowdsourced online experiments to study context-dependency of behavior

We use Mechanical Turk's diverse participant pool to conduct online bargaining games in India and the US. First, we assess internal validity of crowdsourced experimentation through variation of stakes ($0,$1, $4, and$10) in the Ultimatum and Dictator Game. For cross-country equivalence we adjust the stakes following differences in purchasing power. Our marginal totals correspond closely to laboratory findings. Monetary incentives induce more selfish behavior but, in line with most laboratory findings, the particular size of a positive stake appears irrelevant. Second, by transporting a homogeneous decision situation into various living conditions crowdsourced experimentation permits identification of context effects on elicited behavior. We explore context-dependency using session-level variation in participants' geographical location, regional affluence, and local social capital. Across “virtual pools” behavior varies in the range of stake effects. We argue that quasi-experimental variation of the characteristics people bring to the experimental situation is the key potential of crowdsourced online designs

Modelling of Labour Markets in the European Union: Interim Report II, Part I ; DG EMPL/D/1 ref. No. VC/2007/0344

from the Table of Contents: Introduction; Compendium of (Labour Market) Models; Labour Markets in the EU; Literature Survey; List of Policy Scenarios; Outline of the Model; Data Description; Appendix