Energy and discrepancy of rotationally invariant determinantal point processes in high dimensional spheres

We study expected Riesz s-energies and linear statistics of some determinantal processes on the sphere $\mathbb{S}^{d}$. In particular, we compute the expected Riesz and logarithmic energies of the determinantal processes given by the reproducing kernel of the space of spherical harmonics. This kernel defines the so called harmonic ensemble on $\mathbb{S}^{d}$. With these computations we improve previous estimates for the discrete minimal energy of configurations of points in the sphere. We prove a comparison result for Riesz 2-energies of points defined through determinantal point processes associated with isotropic kernels. As a corollary we get that the Riesz 2-energy of the harmonic ensemble is optimal among ensembles defined by isotropic kernels with the same trace. Finally, we study the variance of smooth and rough linear statistics for the harmonic ensemble and compare the results with the variance for the spherical ensemble (in $\mathbb{S}^{d}$)

A sequence of polynomials with optimal condition number

We find an explicit sequence of univariate polynomials of arbitrary degree with optimal condition number. This solves a problem posed by Michael Shub and Stephen Smale in 1993

A sequence of polynomials with optimal condition number

We find an explicit sequence of univariate polynomials of arbitrary degree with optimal condition number. This solves a problem posed by Michael Shub and Stephen Smale in 1993.The first and second authors were partially supported by Ministerio de Econom´ıa y Competitividad, Gobierno de Espa˜na, through grants MTM2017-83816-P and MTM2017-90682-REDT, and by the Banco de Santander and Universidad de Cantabria grant 21.SI01.64658. The second author was also supported by the Austrian Science Fund FWF project F5503 (part of the Special Research Program (SFB) Quasi-Monte Carlo Methods: Theory and Applications). The third and fourth authors have been partially supported by grant MTM2017-83499-P by the Ministerio de Econom´ıa y Competitividad, Gobierno de Espa˜na and by the Generalitat de Catalunya (project 2017 SGR 358)

Complex links between natural tuberculosis and porcine circovirus type 2 infection in wild boar

Individuals in natural populations are exposed to a diversity of pathogens which results in coinfections. The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between natural infection with tuberculosis (TB) due to infection by bacteria of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) in free-ranging Eurasian wild boar (Sus scrofa). Apparent prevalence for TB lesions and PCV2 infection was extremely high in all age classes, including piglets (51% for TB; 85.7% for PCV2). Modeling results revealed that the relative risk of young (less than 2 years old) wild boar to test positive to PCV2 PCR was negatively associated with TB lesion presence. Also, an interaction between TB, PCV2, and body condition was evidenced: in wild boar with TB lesions probability of being PCV2 PCR positive increased with body condition, whereas this relation was negative for wild boar without TB lesions. This study provides insight into the coinfections occurring in free-ranging host populations that are naturally exposed to several pathogens at an early age. Using TB and PCV2 as a case study, we showed that coinfection is a frequent event among natural populations that takes place early in life with complex effects on the infections and the hosts.This is a contribution to Plan Nacional I + D + i AGL2011-30041 from MINECO and ANTIGONE (Project no. 278976). Ph.D students (BBB, IDD, and JAB) were supported by predoctoral grants from JCCM and MINECO.Peer Reviewe

HIV-1/HAART-Related Lipodystrophy Syndrome (HALS) Is Associated with Decreased Circulating sTWEAK Levels

Background and Objectives Obesity and HIV-1/HAART-associated lipodystrophy syndrome (HALS) share clinical, pathological and mechanistic features. Tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) is a multifunctional cytokine that plays an important role in obesity and related diseases. We sought to explore the relationship between HALS and circulating levels of soluble (s) TWEAK and its scavenger receptor sCD163. Methods This was a cross-sectional multicenter study of 120 HIV-1-infected patients treated with a stable HAART regimen; 56 with overt HALS and 64 without HALS. Epidemiological and clinical variables were determined. Serum levels of sTWEAK and sCD163 levels were measured by ELISA. Results were analyzed with Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney U and χ2 test. Pearson and Spearman correlation were used to estimate the strength of association between variables. Results Circulating sTWEAK was significantly decreased in HALS patients compared with non-HALS patients (2.81±0.2 vs. 2.94±0.28 pg/mL, p = 0.018). No changes were observed in sCD163 levels in the studied cohorts. On multivariate analysis, a lower log sTWEAK concentration was independently associated with the presence of HALS (OR 0.027, 95% CI 0.001-0.521, p = 0.027). Conclusions HALS is associated with decreased sTWEAK levels

Effect of water deficit on the agronomical performance and quality of processing tomato

[EN] The influence of irrigation doses on standard and high lycopene tomato varieties has been analyzed during two years in one of the main processing tomato growing areas of Spain. Deficit irrigation (75% ETc) implied a mean reduction in water use of 28.2%, while it caused a significant reduction in the marketable production of 16.4% and increase insoluble solids (8.4%) and Hunter a/b ratio (2.4%). The effect on lycopene content was not significant. Increasing irrigation dose over the recommended 100% ETc had no significant effect on the agronomical performance, while it provoked a dilution effect reducing total soluble solids and lycopene content. The effects on 33 tomato volatiles were also analyzed, 11 of them related to main aroma notes and 22 to the background volatile profile. The effect of deficit irrigation on aroma was dependant on climatic conditions and it may either not have a significant effect on the aroma profile or may lead to higher logodor units in main aroma volatiles. High lycopene cultivars showed higher contents in most volatiles, including some volatiles originated in pathways that have not been related with carotenoid degradation processes. In both the fresh and processing tomato market the improvement of organoleptic and functional quality and the reduction of the impact of agriculture on environment represent main goals. The use of high lycopene cultivars and restricted irrigation would enhance the aroma of materials targeted to quality markets, contributing to increase the efficiency of water use in agriculture. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.This research was funded by the Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria with the project RTA2007-00095C03. This project was co-funded by the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional. The authors thank Dr. Vicente Villardon the development and kindly offer of his software MultBiplot for the data analysis.Lahoz, I.; Pérez De Castro, AM.; Valcárcel-Germes, M.; Macua, JI.; Beltran, J.; Rosello Ripolles, S.; Cebolla Cornejo, J. (2016). Effect of water deficit on the agronomical performance and quality of processing tomato. Scientia Horticulturae. 200:55-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2015.12.051S556520

Complex Links between Natural Tuberculosis and Porcine Circovirus Type 2 Infection in Wild Boar

Individuals in natural populations are exposed to a diversity of pathogens which results in coinfections. The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between natural infection with tuberculosis (TB) due to infection by bacteria of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) in free-ranging Eurasian wild boar (Sus scrofa). Apparent prevalence for TB lesions and PCV2 infection was extremely high in all age classes, including piglets (51% for TB; 85.7% for PCV2). Modeling results revealed that the relative risk of young (less than 2 years old) wild boar to test positive to PCV2 PCR was negatively associated with TB lesion presence. Also, an interaction between TB, PCV2, and body condition was evidenced: in wild boar with TB lesions probability of being PCV2 PCR positive increased with body condition, whereas this relation was negative for wild boar without TB lesions. This study provides insight into the coinfections occurring in free-ranging host populations that are naturally exposed to several pathogens at an early age. Using TB and PCV2 as a case study, we showed that coinfection is a frequent event among natural populations that takes place early in life with complex effects on the infections and the hosts

Guia clínica per a l'atenció de les persones amb símptomes persistents de COVID-19

Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; 2019-nCoV-2; Símptomes persistents; Guia clínicaCoronavirus SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; 2019-nCoV-2; Síntomas persistentes; Guía clínicaCoronavirus SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; 2019-nCoV-2; Persistent symptoms; Clinical guideLes persones amb símptomes persistents de COVID-19 són majoritàriament dones d’edat mitjana i representen un problema de salut emergent, ja que aquests símptomes poden ocasionar un fort impacte sobre la qualitat de vida. Aquesta circumstància també pot afectar persones joves sense cap malaltia prèvia. El seu pronòstic a llarg termini és desconegut. Els símptomes persistents són molt variats i poden ser fluctuants i agrupar-se en una mateixa persona. Per a la gran majoria de persones amb símptomes de COVID-19 persistent ha de prevaldre l’atenció centrada exclusivament en l’equip d’atenció primària (AP), amb un abordatge integral i amb visió biopsicosocial, i amb el suport de professionals com els de salut mental, els dels serveis de rehabilitació i els de treball social quan sigui necessari. L’observació i l’abordatge de la simptomatologia persistent en aquestes persones representen una oportunitat per generar coneixement des de l’AP, juntament amb les persones afectades. La manca de símptomes patognomònics i/o proves específiques dificulta el diagnòstic i obliga a descartar altres malalties que poden tenir presentacions similars, sovint per arribar a un diagnòstic per exclusió. La manca d’un tractament específic fa que l’acompanyament d’aquestes persones tingui com a objectiu alleugerir el seu malestar i facilitar la seva reincorporació a l’activitat habitual.Las personas con síntomas persistentes de COVID-19 son mayoritariamente mujeres de edad media y representan un problema de salud emergente, ya que estos síntomas pueden ocasionar un fuerte impacto sobre la calidad de vida. Esta circunstancia también puede afectar a personas jóvenes sin enfermedad previa. Su pronóstico a largo plazo es desconocido. Los síntomas persistentes son muy variados y pueden ser fluctuantes y agruparse en una misma persona. Para la gran mayoría de personas con síntomas de COVID-19 persistente debe prevalecer la atención centrada exclusivamente en el equipo de atención primaria (AP), con un abordaje integral y con visión biopsicosocial, y con el apoyo de profesionales como los de salud mental, los de los servicios de rehabilitación y los de trabajo social cuando sea necesario. La observación y el abordaje de la sintomatología persistente en estas personas representan una oportunidad para generar conocimiento desde la AP, junto con las personas afectadas. La falta de síntomas patognomónicos y / o pruebas específicas dificulta el diagnóstico y obliga a descartar otras enfermedades que pueden tener presentaciones similares, a menudo para llegar a un diagnóstico por exclusión. La falta de un tratamiento específico hace que el acompañamiento de estas personas tenga como objetivo aliviar su malestar y facilitar su reincorporación a la actividad habitual.People with persistent symptoms of COVID-19 are mostly middle-aged women and represent an emerging health problem, as these symptoms can have a strong impact on quality of life. This circumstance can also affect young people without any previous illness. Its long-term prognosis is unknown. Persistent symptoms are very varied and can be fluctuating and grouped into a single person. For the vast majority of people with symptoms of persistent COVID-19, care focused exclusively on the primary care team (PA) should prevail, with a comprehensive approach and a biopsychosocial vision, and with the support of professionals such as those of mental health, those of rehabilitation services and those of social work when necessary. Observing and addressing the persistent symptomatology in these people represents an opportunity to generate knowledge from the PA, along with those affected. The lack of pathognomonic symptoms and / or specific tests makes diagnosis difficult and forces us to rule out other diseases that may have similar presentations, often to arrive at a diagnosis by exclusion. The lack of specific treatment means that the support of these people aims to alleviate their discomfort and facilitate their reintegration into the usual activity