C-Band Resistive SiC-MESFET mixer

In this paper the design and characterization of a linear C-band single ended resistive SiC-MESFET mixer is presented. The mixer has a minimum conversion loss of 7.8 dB and has a third order intermodulation intercept point of 30.3 dBm. The mixer is designed using a harmonic-balance simula-tion load-pull approach. This design method is especially use-ful for high-level mixers, where small-signal approximations cannot be used

Metodstudier vid mobiltelefonanvändning

Mobiltelefoner är något som nästan alla har tillgång till idag. Samtidigt ökar hela tiden användningsområdena på just mobiltelefoner. Nya modeller kommer ständigt och i takt med detta ökar även funktionaliteten av dem. Det är idag möjligt att utföra en rad andra saker än att endast ringa och skicka SMS med hjälp av sin mobiltelefon. Olika personer använder sina telefoner på olika sätt, olika mycket och till olika saker och detta har studerats på en mängd olika sätt. Att mobiltelefoner är just mobila innebär att de följer människor när de förflyttar sig och därför har även mobiltelefonanvändning på olika platser studerats. Olika metoder lämpar sig olika bra beroende på var användningen skall studeras. Den här uppsatsen syftar till att försöka få fram vilka metoder som lämpar sig för att studera mobiltelefonanvändning med hemmet som användningsmiljö. Med hjälp av litteraturstudier kom vi fram till vilka metoder som var relevanta att testa i hemmiljö och därefter har vi utfört dessa. Vi kom fram till att det inte fanns någon specifik metod som var bättre än någon annan men att resultatet blev mycket bättre om man kombinerade olika typer av metoder

Atmospheric input of nitrogen to the Baltic Sea basin : present situation, variability due to meteorology and impact of climate change

We present estimates of the present and future deposition of atmospheric nitrogen into the Baltic Sea made using the Eulerian chemical transport model MATCH, and compare these with earlier model estimates. The average total nitrogen deposition for periods of five to ten years from 1992 to 2001 was estimated to be in the range of 261-300 Gg N yr(-1). The deposition across the whole catchment area for 2001 was estimated to be 1.55-1.73 Tg N yr(-1). Inter-annual variability of nitrogen deposition into the Baltic Sea was calculated to be in the range of 5.1%-8.0%. Investigating one climate change scenario using emissions for year 2000 indicated a rather small impact on total deposition of nitrogen due to climate change, i.e. increase of total nitrogen deposition by similar to 5% by the end of the 21st century as compared with present conditions. The combined effect of climate change and future changes in anthropogenic emissions of nitrogen to the atmosphere remains an open question. Additional climate change scenarios using different combinations of global and regional climate models and greenhouse gas emission scenarios need to be explored

Etablering av jordbruk i Uruguay

Syftet med denna studie är att förstå och undersöka vilka möjligheter det finns för utländska investerare att investera i jordbruket i Uruguay samt även få en inblick i produktionen och lönsamhetsaspekterna i jordbruket. Syftet är att visa för växtodlare, främst i norra Europa som har en kort men intensiv växtodlingssäsong, om och hur man går tillväga för att investera och driva ett lantbruk i Uruguay. Studien är en början för en grupp lantbrukare som har visat intresse för att etablera ett jordbruk i Uruguay. I Uruguay bedrivs intensiv nötköttsproduktion tillsammans med växtodling men i denna studie är det endast inriktat på växtodling såsom odlingstekniker, var och varför det lämpar sig att odla grödor samt det vanligaste tillvägagångssättet att driva ett jordbruk. I studien avhandlas det också vem som får äga mark och hur köpet går till och vilka krav som behöver uppfyllas. Lönsamheten exemplifieras genom kalkyler för en typisk växtodlingsgård. Studien grundar sig på kvalitativa intervjuer med advokater, mäklare, maskinförsäljare och rådgivare som är aktiva inom jordbrukssektorn i Uruguay. Urvalet av personerna som intervjuades gjordes slumpmässigt och uppkom ofta efter kontakter som skapades i Uruguay. Intervjuerna gjordes efter metoden semistrukturerade intervjuer. Intervjuerna genomfördes under en tre veckor lång vistelse i Uruguay och varje person som har intervjuats har flertalet gånger intervjuats för att ställa följdfrågor efter att materialet har genomgåtts. Resultatet från studien visar att det finns stora möjligheter för en utländsk investerare att investera i Uruguays jordbruk, både ur lönsamhetsmässigt perspektiv såväl som de legala frågorna. Jordbruket drivs på ett enkelt vis och med hjälp av en lokal rådgivare kan en utlänning driva ett lantbruk.The purpose with this study is to understand and explore what the possibilities for foreign investors is to invest in Uruguay´s agriculture, and to get an insight into the production and profitability aspects of the agriculture. The aim is to show the farmers, mainly in northern Europe, which has a short but intense growing season, if and how to proceed in order to invest and operate a farm in Uruguay. The study is a start for a group of farmers who have shown interest in establishing a farm In Uruguay. There is a lot of beef production together with crop production but this study will only be focused on crop production, such as different techniques, where and why it is suitable to grow crops and the most common approach to operate a farm. In the study there is also dealt with who may own land and the purchase process and also the requirements you need to fulfill. Profitability is demonstrated by calculations for a typical crop farm. This study is based on qualitative interviews with attorneys, real estate agents, machine dealers and advisors that all are active in the agriculture sector in Uruguay. The selection of the persons interviewed was randomly and occurred mostly after contacts that I met in Uruguay. The interviews were conducted by the method semi‐structured interviews. The interviews were conducted during a three‐week stay in Uruguay, and every person who was interviewed have I met several times to ask supplementary questions after the material has been reviewed. The result of the study show that it is profitable for a foreign investor to invest in Uruguay´s agriculture, both from a profitability point of view as well as the legal issues

Enhancing aftermarket demand planning with product-in-use data

Enhancing aftermarket demand planning with product-in-use data ABSTRACTAftermarket demand planning, consisting of forecast and known demand, is a critical activity for both the uptime of customers’ products and the supply chain-related costs. Traditional aftermarket forecasting methods use historical demand as the only input to the statistically based forecasts, usually combined with judgmental modifications. Since the underlying mechanisms of\ua0 customer demand are the need for maintenance or repair, these methods fail to deliver good forecast accuracy in various contexts, e.g. phase-in/out of spare parts or for spare parts with intermittent demand patternsHowever, rapid increase in access to new types of data created by on-board sensors, improved algorithms for predicting future events with massive amount of data and increased Information and Communications Technology (ICT) capabilities are generating new and potential improved demand planning methods for aftermarket services.The purpose of this thesis is to investigate how product-in-use data can be used in, and improve the performance of, demand planning processes for aftermarket services, by describing and explaining related performance effects and challenges. The conceptual framework developed consists of three components (potential demand planning methods, challenges for implementation and development of these methods and confirmation of the results). Each component is attached to a research question which is dealt with in three separate studies. The two first studies are single-case studies which address the potential improved demand planning methods and challenges in aftermarket supply chain planning processes. The third study combined qualitative and quantitative methods, of which the latter was a regression method with exogenous variables (ARX).Results show how product-in-use data is best utilised in planning spare parts with different attributes, e.g. different life-cycle phases and demand frequencies. Eight potentially relevant interventions, i.e. proposed methods, using product-in-use data in the demand planning process are identified. Challenges are explored in relation to the process complexity and data complexity of aftermarket supply chains, and underlying reasons and interdependencies are identified. Forecast accuracy is proven to be better for phase-in spare parts with medium/high demand frequency in a quantitative study.The practical contributions of the thesis are insights how to enhance the aftermarket demand planning by new causal-based methods using product-in-use data, as well as awareness of the complexity and challenges of development and implementation of such data-driven processes. The thesis contributes to theory by proposing how product-in-use driven demand planning methods can be used and for which types of context the methods can create value. The process focus contributes to how to apply and develop methods for aftermarket causal-based demand plannin

SJ: "Vi har asylsökande på tåget som saknar biljetter och vi inväntar nu polis." Om möjligheterna att tänka ett situerat fördelningsperspektiv hos Alf Hornborg

This essay investigates how we can re-think central perspectives in Alf Hornborg´s writing. Hornborg (2011) argues that we culturally have “an unembodied image of technology”, which leaves our machines “exempt from moral critique”. Still, there are no ideas on embodiment to be found in Hornborg´s own writing on technology. This leaves the reader with the necessity to situate the very thoughts of Hornborg. In this essay the author explores how to situate Hornborg. The author has, for investigational reasons, chosen a specific historical context as point of departure, in order to situate Hornborg´s thinking in a concrete situation. The chosen context comes from a train awaiting the police to come and gather up asylum seekers, who traveled without tickets, in Sweden 2012. In a manner of contextual philosophy, the author argues that re-thinking a system theoretical world-view demands the Human Ecology student to co-contextualize a specific world fragment and Hornborg´s perspective. This essay articulates how Human Ecology can leave the unembodied image of both person and technology, since it is one issue of interaction, and engage thinking as the practice of embodiment it actually is, in a social ontology of living bodies

Human papillomavirus subtypes are not uncommon

AbstractWhile both variants and types of human papillomavirus (HPV) are common, subtypes (2–10% sequence divergence in the L1 gene) have been considered to be rare. We searched GenBank and in-house databases using a 440 nt L1 fragment and identified 7, 30 and 10 subtypes/putative subtypes in the HPV genera Alpha, Beta and Gamma, respectively. The number of types/putative types in each genus was 54, 58 and 103. Thus, there appears to exist at least 47 different subtypes/putative subtypes of HPV and they seem to be particularly common in the genus Beta-papillomavirus