Study of anatomical variations in premolars by cone beam computerized tomography in a radiologic clinic in Piauí

Introduction: Root canal cleaning is the main objective of endodontic treatment and requires knowledge of the internal anatomy. The premolars are evidenced in the literature with great anatomical variations. In view of this, studies indicate that the use of Cone Beam Computed Tomography helps in the visualization of highly complex anatomy. Objective: to describe the anatomical variations in maxillary and mandibular premolars using cone beam computed tomography in a radiologic clinic in Piaui. Methods: 54 cone beam computed tomography scans with 160 premolars were used, produced using the Orthopantomograph OP300 equipment and analyzed by multiplanar reconstructions: axial, coronal and sagittal. Data regarding sex, number of roots and canals were recorded to compare and classify according to Vertucci. Results: the maxillary first pre-molars had 63.5% two roots,83.7% with one root and the mandibular pre-molars mostly with one root. Regarding the number of channels, 92.3% of the first premolars had two channels, most of them maxillary second premolars and mandibular premolars only one channel. Vertucci variations of types I, II, III and IV were verified in single-rooted elements, observing a great variation in superior elements. As for the prevalence of sex, only the first superiors showed greater variation in males. Conclusions: the upper first premolars prevailed with a great anatomical variation in relation to the other premolars with prevalence of Vertucci Type I and in males.Introducción: La limpieza del conducto radicular es el principal objetivo del tratamiento endodóntico y requiere del conocimiento de la anatomía interna. Los premolares se evidencian en la literatura con grandes variaciones anatómicas. Por lo tanto, los estudios indican que el uso de la tomografía computarizada de haz cónico ayuda en la visualización de anatomías altamente complejas. Metodología: Se utilizaron 4 equipos computarizados 60 premolares con 1 equipo, equipo sin equipo Orthopanto y ahora por reconstrucciones, coronal y sargital. Se registraron datos referentes al sexo, número de raíces y conductos para su comparación y clasificación según Vers. Resultados: Los primeros molares maxilares tenían el 63,5% de dos raíces, el 83,7% de los segundos premolares superiores tenían una raíz y la mayoría de los premolares mandibulares tenían una raíz. En cuanto al número de canales, el 92,3% de los primeros premolares tenían dos canales, siendo la mayoría segundos premolares maxilares y premolares inferiores de un canal. Se verificaron variaciones de Vertucci de los tipos I, II, III y IV en los elementos monoraíces, observándose la gran observación en los elementos superiores. En cuanto a la mayoría de machos, los primeros presentan el mayor número de machos. Conclusión: Los primeros premolares superiores prevalecerán con los demás premolares en relación a la prevalencia de Vertucci y en el sexo masculino.Introduction : Le nettoyage canalaire est l'objectif principal du traitement endodontique et nécessite une connaissance de l'anatomie interne. Les prémolaires sont mises en évidence dans la littérature avec de grandes variations anatomiques. Par conséquent, des études indiquent que l'utilisation de la tomodensitométrie à faisceau conique aide à la visualisation d'anatomies très complexes. Méthodologie : 4 équipements informatisés ont été utilisés 60 prémolaires avec 1 équipement, équipement sans équipement Orthopanto et maintenant par reconstructions, coronales et sarcitales. Les données relatives au sexe, au nombre de racines et de canaux ont été enregistrées pour comparaison et classification selon Vers. Résultats : Les premières molaires maxillaires avaient 63,5 % de deux racines, 83,7 % des deuxièmes prémolaires maxillaires avaient une racine et la plupart des prémolaires mandibulaires avaient une racine. En ce qui concerne le nombre de canaux, 92,3% des premières prémolaires avaient deux canaux, la majorité n'étant que des deuxièmes prémolaires maxillaires et des prémolaires inférieures à un seul canal. Les variations de Vertucci des types I, II, III et IV ont été vérifiées dans les éléments à racine unique, en observant la grande observation dans les éléments supérieurs. Quant à la majorité des mâles, les premiers à présenter le plus grand nombre de mâles. Conclusion : Les premières prémolaires supérieures prédominent avec les autres prémolaires en relation avec la prévalence de Vertucci et chez les hommes.Introdução: a limpeza do canal radicular é o principal objetivo do tratamento endodôntico e requer conhecimento da anatomia interna. Os pré-molares são evidenciados na literatura com grandes variações anatômicas. Diante disso, estudos indicam que o uso da Tomografia Computadorizada Cone Beam auxilia na visualização de anatomias de alta complexidade. Metodologia: foram utilizadas 54 tomografias computadorizadas de feixe cônico com 160 pré-molares, produzidas no equipamento Orthopantomograph OP300 e analisadas por reconstruções multiplanares: axial, coronal e sagital. Os dados referentes ao sexo, número de raízes e canais foram registrados para comparação e classificação segundo Vertucci. Resultados: os primeiros pré-molares superiores apresentavam 63,5% de duas raízes, 83,7% dos segundos pré-molares superiores tinham uma raiz e a maioria dos pré-molares inferiores tinha uma raiz. Em relação ao número de canais, 92,3% dos primeiros pré-molares possuíam dois canais, sendo a maioria segundos pré-molares superiores e pré-molares inferiores apenas um canal. Vertucci variações dos tipos I, II, III e IV foram verificadas nos elementos uniradiculares, observando-se a grande variação nos elementos superiores. Quanto à prevalência do sexo, apenas os primeiros superiores apresentaram maior variação no sexo masculino. Conclusão: os primeiros pré-molares superiores prevaleceram com grande variação anatômica em relação aos demais pré-molares com prevalência de Vertucci Tipo I e no sexo masculino

An SFC-enabled approach for processing SSL/TLS encrypted traffic in future enterprise networks

In this paper, we propose an architecture based on NFV and SDN which allows to balance traffic analysis techniques using a Classifier. It steers flows to the appropriate Service Function Chaining (to open traffic or not) according to network requirements (such as, effectiveness, flexibility, scalability, performance, and privacy). The SSL/TLS traffic processing is carried-out by the centerpiece of this work, the SFC-enabled MITM. A Proof-of-Concept was conducted (focusing on our SFC-enabled MITM) which showed that functionalities lost due to encryption (Content Optimization, Caching, Network Anti-virus, and Content Filter) were recovered when processing opened traffic within its Service Function Chains. We also evaluated its impact on performance. The results show that cipher suite overhead plays a role but can be mitigated, the Classifier can alleviate the performance overhead of different traffic analysis techniques, network functions have lower impact to performance, and Service Function Chaining length influences page load time.publishe

Orchestrating an SFC-enabled SSL/TLS traffic processing architecture using MANO

The heterogeneity of 5G requirements commands more complex network architectures, imposing the need for network orchestration. ETSI NFV MANO is the standard which defines a common framework for vendors and operators to integrate their orchestration efforts. In this paper, we evaluated how an ETSI NFV MANO compliant orchestrator (OSM) fares while orchestrating an SFC-enabled SSL/TLS encrypted traffic processing architecture, which supports both edge and cloud deployments. A quantitative evaluation was carried-out, which assessed the responsiveness and overheads of OSM, as well as the actual functionality of our SSL/TLS processing architecture (with edge computing components). A qualitative evaluation was also carried-out, providing insight into the maturity of the current OSM release, what works well, what requires workarounds, and the actual limitations. A demonstration of the architecture evaluated in this work was accepted as a contribution to the ETSI OSM PoC Framework.publishe

Antioxidant and antibacterial activity of extracts, fractions and isolated substances from the flowers of Acacia podalyriifolia A. Cunn. ex G. Don

The extracts and fractions from the flowers of A. podalyriifolia were analyzed previously for antibacterial activity using diffusion in disk, Antioxidant properties were evaluated by determining radical scavenging power (DPPH test) and total phenol content was measured (Folin method). The present study describes the in vitro antibacterial (determining minimum inhibitory concentration) and antioxidant activities (by thiobarbituric acid reactive species - TBARS method) for the ethanol extract, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate fractions and two flavanones (naringenin and 5-β-D-glycosyl-naringenin) isolated from the flowers of Acacia podalyriifolia A. Cunn. ex G. Don. The flavanones naringenin and 5-β-D-glycosyl-naringenin had not previously been obtained from this species. The most effective antibacterial activity was observed in the ethyl acetate fraction (MIC=0.25 mg mL-1 against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, MIC = 0.125 mg mL-1 against Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12229, MIC=0.5 mg mL-1 against Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC 19615, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 13883 and Proteus mirabilis ATCC 43071). The evaluated samples showed antioxidant activity on the TBARS test, especially for ethanol extract (1000 ppm), which was the most active (29.43% ± 0.65) followed by ethyl acetate fraction (1000 ppm, 24.84% ± 1,28), both demonstrating higher activity than that presented by ascorbic acid (1000 ppm, 21.73% ± 1.77), although lower than the BHT (1000 ppm 35.15% ± 3.42), both reference compounds. Naringenin and 5-β-D-glycosyl-naringenin demonstrated antioxidant action, but only naringenin inhibited the growth of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.Os extratos e frações de Acacia podalyriifolia foram analisados previamente para a atividade antibacteriana através da difusão em disco e as propriedades antioxidantes foram verificadas pela determinação da capacidade removedora do radical livre DPPH e pela mensuração do conteúdo de fenólicos totais (Método de Folin). O presente estudo descreve as atividades antibacteriana (determinação da concentração inibitória mínima) e antioxidante (espécies reativas do ácido tiobarbitúrico - teste TBARS) para o extrato etanólico e as frações diclorometano e acetato de etila e para duas flavanonas (naringenina e 5-β-D-glicosil-naringenina) isoladas das flores de Acacia podalyriifolia A. Cunn. ex G. Don. As flavanonas naringenina e 5-β-D-glicosil-naringenina ainda não haviam sido obtidas desta espécie. A atividade antibacteriana mais efetiva foi observada com a fração acetato de etila (CIM=0,25 mg/mL contra Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538; CIM=0,125 mg/mL, contra Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12229; CIM=0,5 mg/mL contra Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC 19615, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 13883 e Proteus mirabilis ATCC 43071). As amostras avaliadas demonstraram atividade pelo teste TBARS, especialmente o extrato etanólico (1000 ppm), que foi o mais ativo (29,43% ± 0.65), seguido pela fração acetato de etila (1000 ppm, 24,84% ± 1,28), ambos demonstrando atividade mais elevada que a apresentada pelo ácido ascórbico (1000 ppm, 21,73% ± 1,77), ainda que menor que a do BHT (1000 ppm, 35,15% ± 3,42), ambas substâncias de referência. Naringenina e 5-β-D-glicosil-naringenina demonstraram ação antioxidante, porém somente a naringenina inibiu o crescimento de bactérias gram-positivas e gram-negativas

Combined search for the Standard Model Higgs boson in pppp collisions at s=7\sqrt{s} = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A combined search for the Standard Model Higgs boson with the ATLAS detector at the LHC is presented. The datasets used correspond to integrated luminosities from 4.6 fb^-1 to 4.9 fb^-1 of proton-proton collisions collected at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV in 2011. The Higgs boson mass ranges of 111.4 GeV to 116.6 GeV, 119.4 GeV to 122.1 GeV, and 129.2 GeV to 541 GeV are excluded at the 95% confidence level, while the range 120 GeV to 560 GeV is expected to be excluded in the absence of a signal. An excess of events is observed at Higgs boson mass hypotheses around 126 GeV with a local significance of 2.9 standard deviations (sigma). The global probability for the background to produce an excess at least as significant anywhere in the entire explored Higgs boson mass range of 110-600 GeV is estimated to be ~15%, corresponding to a significance of approximately one sigma.Peer Reviewe

Search for nonpointing and delayed photons in the diphoton and missing transverse momentum final state in 8 TeV pppp collisions at the LHC using the ATLAS detector

A search has been performed, using the full 20.3  fb-1 data sample of 8 TeV proton-proton collisions collected in 2012 with the ATLAS detector at the LHC, for photons originating from a displaced vertex due to the decay of a neutral long-lived particle into a photon and an invisible particle. The analysis investigates the diphoton plus missing transverse momentum final state, and is therefore most sensitive to pair production of long-lived particles. The analysis technique exploits the capabilities of the ATLAS electromagnetic calorimeter to make precise measurements of the flight direction, as well as the time of flight, of photons. No excess is observed over the Standard Model predictions for background. Exclusion limits are set within the context of gauge mediated supersymmetry breaking models, with the lightest neutralino being the next-to-lightest supersymmetric particle and decaying into a photon and gravitino with a lifetime in the range from 250 ps to about 100 ns.Peer Reviewe

Search for dark matter in events with heavy quarks and missing transverse momentum in pppp collisions with the ATLAS detector

This article reports on a search for dark matter pair production in association with bottom or top quarks in $20.3 \mathrm {~fb}^{-1}$ of $pp$ collisions collected at $\sqrt{s} = 8$  TeV by the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Events with large missing transverse momentum are selected when produced in association with high-momentum jets of which one or more are identified as jets containing $b$ -quarks. Final states with top quarks are selected by requiring a high jet multiplicity and in some cases a single lepton. The data are found to be consistent with the Standard Model expectations and limits are set on the mass scale of effective field theories that describe scalar and tensor interactions between dark matter and Standard Model particles. Limits on the dark-matter–nucleon cross-section for spin-independent and spin-dependent interactions are also provided. These limits are particularly strong for low-mass dark matter. Using a simplified model, constraints are set on the mass of dark matter and of a coloured mediator suitable to explain a possible signal of annihilating dark matter.Peer Reviewe

Measurement of W+W−W^+W^- production in pp collisions at s\sqrt{s}=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector and limits on anomalous WWZ and WWγ couplings

This paper presents a measurement of the W^+W^- production cross section in pp collisions at sqrt{s}=7 TeV. The leptonic decay channels are analyzed using data corresponding to an integrated 4.6 fb-1 collected with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The W^+W^- production cross section sigma(pp -> W^+W^-+X) is measured to be 51.9 +- 2.0 (stat) +- 3.9 (syst) +- 2.0 (lumi) pb, compatible with the Standard Model prediction of 44.7 +2.1 -1.9 pb. A measurement of the normalized fiducial cross section as a function of the leading lepton transverse momentum is also presented. The reconstructed transverse momentum distribution of the leading lepton is used to extract limits on anomalous WWZ and WWgamma couplings.Peer Reviewe

Measurement of the dependence of transverse energy production at large pseudorapidity on the hard-scattering kinematics of proton-proton collisions at s=2.76\sqrt{s} = 2.76 TeV with ATLAS

The relationship between jet production in the central region and the underlying-event activity in a pseudorapidity-separated region is studied in 4.0 pb$^{-1}$ of $\sqrt{s} = 2.76$ TeV $pp$ collision data recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The underlying event is characterised through measurements of the average value of the sum of the transverse energy at large pseudorapidity downstream of one of the protons, which are reported here as a function of hard-scattering kinematic variables. The hard scattering is characterised by the average transverse momentum and pseudorapidity of the two highest transverse momentum jets in the event. The dijet kinematics are used to estimate, on an event-by-event basis, the scaled longitudinal momenta of the hard-scattered partons in the target and projectile beam-protons moving toward and away from the region measuring transverse energy, respectively. Transverse energy production at large pseudorapidity is observed to decrease with a linear dependence on the longitudinal momentum fraction in the target proton and to depend only weakly on that in the projectile proton. The results are compared to the predictions of various Monte Carlo event generators, which qualitatively reproduce the trends observed in data but generally underpredict the overall level of transverse energy at forward pseudorapidity.Peer Reviewe

Measurement of the production cross-section of a single top quark in association with a WW boson at 8 TeV with the ATLAS experiment

The cross-section for the production of a single top quark in association with a W boson in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=8\mathrm{T}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{V}$ is measured. The dataset corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb$^{−1}$, collected by the ATLAS detector in 2012 at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. Events containing two leptons and one central b-jet are selected. The W t signal is separated from the backgrounds using boosted decision trees, each of which combines a number of discriminating variables into one classifier. Production of W t events is observed with a significance of 7.7σ. The cross-section is extracted in a profile likelihood fit to the classifier output distributions. The W t cross-section, inclusive of decay modes, is measured to be 23.0 ± 1.3(stat.)$_{− 3.5}^{+ 3.2}$ (syst.)±1.1(lumi.) pb. The measured cross-section is used to extract a value for the CKM matrix element |V$_{tb}$ | of 1.01 ± 0.10 and a lower limit of 0.80 at the 95% confidence level. The cross-section for the production of a top quark and a W boson is also measured in a fiducial acceptance requiring two leptons with p$_{T}$ > 25 GeV and |η| 20 GeV and |η|  20 GeV, including both W t and top-quark pair events as signal. The measured value of the fiducial cross-section is 0.85 ± 0.01(stat.)$_{− 0.07}^{+ 0.07}$ (syst.)±0.03(lumi.) pb.Peer Reviewe