185 research outputs found
What we know about grief intervention: a bibliometric analysis
BackgroundGrief is a natural and individualized response to different losses, but if grief persists or becomes pathological, professional interventions are required. Grief and corresponding interventions have received increasing attention, as the related concepts have been incorporated into the DSM-5 and ICD-11. Therefore, we conducted a bibliometric analysis to explore the developments in the field of grief intervention research.MethodsArticles on grief interventions were systematically searched and screened from the Web of Science Core Collection. The retrieved data were analyzed and visualized using VOSviewer and Bibliometrix software for journals, authors, institutions, countries, references, and keywords.ResultsA total of 9,754 articles were included. The number of articles on grief interventions has increased significantly each year since 1990. Death Studies was the journal that published the most articles in this field. We identified 25,140 authors contributed to this research area and these authors were from 123 countries and 6,630 institutions. Boelen PA secured the first position in article production, Columbia University emerged as the most productive affiliation and the United States was the foremost leading in grief intervention research. The prevalent keywords utilized in this field comprised bereavement, grief, death, depression, and palliative care.ConclusionThe quantity of publications regarding grief interventions is increasing. Although most prior studies have focused on mortality, grief, and health, emerging themes such as COVID-19, grief among workers, and disfranchised grief have drawn increasing attention in recent years. Future studies may focus on investigating the complexities and challenges of grief, including its underlying mechanisms and impact on mental well-being
Configuration of the active region for the Ge-on-Si photodetector based on carrier mobility
The design of vertical and lateral PIN Ge-on-Si photodetectors was motivated by the disparity in electron and hole mobilities. In the case of vertical PIN junction detectors, configuring the slab region as n-type doping leads to a notable increase in the bandwidth of approximately 20Â GHz compared to utilizing p-type doping for the slab. For lateral PIN junction detectors, we determined that setting the length of the n-type slab region to be 2.8Â times that of the p-type slab region, based on the carrier saturation drift rate ratio, does not compromise the bandwidth. This configuration enhances the bandwidth while minimizing light absorption loss from the electrode. The proposed design in this study enhances the performance of Ge-on-Si photodetectors without adding complexity to the fabrication process. The principles applied in this study serve as instructive references for the conceptualization of other photonic or electronic devices, reinforcing the widespread applicability of these design strategies
Effect of hybridization on structural and magnetic properties of iron-based superconductors
We show that the strong hybridization between the iron 3d and the arsenic 4p
orbitals, in the newly discovered iron-based high-T superconductors,
leads to an explanation of certain experimental observations that are presently
not well understood. The existence of a lattice distortion, the smallness of
the Fe magnetic moment in the undoped systems, and the suppression of both the
lattice distortion and the magnetic order upon doping with fluorine, are all
shown to result from this hybridization.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure
Temperature-dependent striped antiferromagnetism of LaFeAsO in a Green's function approach
We use a Green's function method to study the temperature-dependent average
moment and magnetic phase-transition temperature of the striped
antiferromagnetism of LaFeAsO, and other similar compounds, as the parents of
FeAs-based superconductors. We consider the nearest and the next-nearest
couplings in the FeAs layer, and the nearest coupling for inter-layer spin
interaction. The dependence of the transition temperature TN and the
zero-temperature average spin on the interaction constants is investigated. We
obtain an analytical expression for TN and determine our temperature-dependent
average spin from zero temperature to TN in terms of unified self-consistent
equations. For LaFeAsO, we obtain a reasonable estimation of the coupling
interactions with the experimental transition temperature TN = 138 K. Our
results also show that a non-zero antiferromagnetic (AFM) inter-layer coupling
is essential for the existence of a non-zero TN, and the many-body AFM
fluctuations reduce substantially the low-temperature magnetic moment per Fe
towards the experimental value. Our Green's function approach can be used for
other FeAs-based parent compounds and these results should be useful to
understand the physical properties of FeAs-based superconductors.Comment: 12 page
Vitamin D-VDR (vitamin D receptor) alleviates glucose metabolism reprogramming in lipopolysaccharide-induced acute kidney injury
Background: Our previous study showed that vitamin D (VD)-vitamin D receptor (VDR) plays a nephroprotective role in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute kidney injury (AKI). Recently, glucose metabolism reprogramming was reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of AKI.Objective: To investigate the role of VD-VDR in glucose metabolism reprogramming in LPS-induced AKI.Methods: We established a model of LPS-induced AKI in VDR knockout (VDR-KO) mice, renal proximal tubular-specific VDR-overexpressing (VDR-OE) mice and wild-type C57BL/6 mice. In vitro, human proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2 cells), VDR knockout and VDR overexpression HK-2 cell lines were used.Results: Paricalcitol (an active vitamin D analog) or VDR-OE reduced lactate concentration, hexokinase activity and PDHA1 phosphorylation (a key step in inhibiting aerobic oxidation) and simultaneously ameliorated renal inflammation, apoptosis and kidney injury in LPS-induced AKI mice, which were more severe in VDR-KO mice. In in vitro experiments, glucose metabolism reprogramming, inflammation and apoptosis induced by LPS were alleviated by treatment with paricalcitol or dichloroacetate (DCA, an inhibitor of p-PDHA1). Moreover, paricalcitol activated the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and an AMPK inhibitor partially abolished the protective effect of paricalcitol in LPS-treated HK-2 cells.Conclusion: VD-VDR alleviated LPS-induced metabolic reprogramming in the kidneys of AKI mice, which may be attributed to the inactivation of PDHA1 phosphorylation via the AMPK pathway
Coherent Phonons in Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene
We review recent studies of coherent phonons (CPs) corresponding to the
radial breathing mode (RBM) and G-mode in single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs)
and graphene. Because of the bandgap-diameter relationship, RBM-CPs cause
bandgap oscillations in SWCNTs, modulating interband transitions at terahertz
frequencies. Interband resonances enhance CP signals, allowing for chirality
determination. Using pulse shaping, one can selectively excite
speci!c-chirality SWCNTs within an ensemble. G-mode CPs exhibit
temperature-dependent dephasing via interaction with RBM phonons. Our
microscopic theory derives a driven oscillator equation with a
density-dependent driving term, which correctly predicts CP trends within and
between (2n+m) families. We also find that the diameter can initially increase
or decrease. Finally, we theoretically study the radial breathing like mode in
graphene nanoribbons. For excitation near the absorption edge, the driving term
is much larger for zigzag nanoribbons. We also explain how the armchair
nanoribbon width changes in response to laser excitation.Comment: 48 pages, 41 figure
Pair-Hopping Mechanism for Layered Superconductors
We propose a possible charge fluctuation effect expected in layered
superconducting materials. In the multireference density functional theory,
relevant fluctuation channels for the Josephson coupling between
superconducting layers include the interlayer pair hopping derived from the
Coulomb repulsion. When interlayer single-electron tunneling processes are
irrelevant in the Kohn-Sham electronic band structure calculation, the two-body
effective interactions stabilize a superconducting phase. This state is also
regarded as a valence-bond solid in a bulk electronic state. The hidden order
parameters coexist with the superconducting order parameter when the charging
effect of a layer is comparable to the pair hopping. Relevant materials
structures favorable for the pair-hopping mechanism are discussed.Comment: 24 pages, 2 figures, to be published in J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. (2009
Investigation of LiFeAs by means of "Break-junction" Technique
In our tunneling investigation using Andreev superconductor - normal metal -
superconductor contacts on LiFeAs single crystals we observed two reproducible
independent subharmonic gap structures at dynamic conductance characteristics.
From these results, we can derive the energy of the large superconducting gap
meV and the small gap meV at
K for the K (the contact area
critical temperature which deviation causes the variation of ). The
BCS-ratio is found to be , whereas
results from induced superconductivity in the bands
with the small gap.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures. Published in Pis'ma v ZhETF 95, 604-610 (2012
Comparison of joint status using ultrasound assessments and Haemophilia Joint Health Score 2.1 in children with haemophilia
IntroductionUltrasound (US) has gained popularity in the evaluation of haemophilic joint diseases because it enables the imaging of soft-tissue lesions in the joints and bone-cartilage lesions. We aimed to determine the correlation between US evaluations and clinical assessments performed using HJHS 2.1 and to evaluate their respective characteristics in assessing early haemophilic arthropathy.MethodsA total of 178 joints (32 knees, 85 elbows, and 61 ankles) in 45 haemophilia A patients (median age, 10 years; range, 6–15) were assessed using US and HJHS 2.1. Ultrasonographic scoring was performed in consensus assessments by one imager by using the US scores.ResultsThe total HJHS 2.1 and US scores showed a strong correlation (rS=0.651, P=0.000, CI: 0.553–0.763), with an excellent correlation for the elbows (rS=0.867, P=0.000, CI: 0.709–0.941) and a substantial correlation for the knees (rS=0.681, P=0.000, CI: 0.527–0.797). The correlation for the ankles was relatively moderate (rS=0.518, P=0.000, CI: 0.308–0.705). Nine subjects (15.5%) without abnormalities, as indicated by HJHS 2.1, showed haemophilic arthropathy in US scoring. All nine joints showed moderate (1/9) to severe (8/9) synovial thickening in the ankle (5/9) and elbow joints (4/9). In contrast, 50 joints (50.5%) showed normal US scores and abnormal changes as indicated by HJHS 2.1. S scores correlated well with HJHS 2.1 for overall and individual joints.DiscussionUS could identify some early pathological changes in joints showing normal clinical findings, but still cannot replace the HJHS; however, it can serve as an imaging examination complementing HJHS 2
The electronic structure of LiFeAs and NaFeAs probed by resonant inelastic x-ray scattering spectra
Results of resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) measurements at Fe
L-edges and electronic structure calculations of LiFeAs and NaFeAs are
presented. Both experiment and theory show that in the vicinity of the Fermi
energy, the density of states is dominated by contributions from Fe 3d-states.
The comparison of Fe L2,3 non-resonant and resonant (excited at L2-threshold)
X-ray emission spectra with spectra of LaOFeAs and CaFe2As2 show a great
similarity in energy and I(L2)/I(L3) intensity ratio. The I(L2)/I(L3) intensity
ratio of all FeAs-based superconductors is found to be more similar to metallic
Fe than to correlated FeO. Basing on these measurements we conclude that
iron-based superconductors are weakly or moderately correlated systems.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figure
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