56 research outputs found
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Synthesis, structure, magnetism, and optical properties of theordered mixed-lanthanide sulfides gamma-LnLn'S3 (Ln=La, Ce; Ln'=Er, Tm,Yb)
{gamma}-LnLn{prime}S{sub 3} (Ln = La, Ce; Ln{prime} = Er, Tm, Yb) have been prepared as dark red to black single crystals by the reaction of the respective lanthanides with sulfur in a Sb{sub 2}S{sub 3} flux at 1000 C. This isotypic series of compounds adopts a layered structure that consists of the smaller lanthanides (Er, Tm, and Yb) bound by sulfide in six- and seven-coordinate environments that are connected together by the larger lanthanides (La and Ce) in eight- and nine-coordinate environments. The layers can be broken down into three distinct one-dimensional substructures containing three crystallographically unique Ln{prime} centers. The first of these is constructed from one-dimensional chains of edge-sharing [Ln{prime}S{sub 7}] monocapped trigonal prisms that are joined to equivalent chains via edge-sharing to yield ribbons. There are parallel chains of [Ln{prime}S{sub 6}] distorted octahedra that are linked to the first ribbons through corner-sharing. These latter units also share corners with a one-dimensional ribbon composed of parallel chains of [Ln{prime}S{sub 6}] polyhedra that edge-share both in the direction of chain propagation and with adjacent identical chains. Magnetic susceptibility measurements show Curie-Weiss behavior from 2 to 300 K with antiferromagnetic coupling, and no evidence for magnetic ordering. The {theta}{sub p} values range from -0.4 to -37.5 K, and spin-frustration may be indicated for the Yb-containing compounds. All compounds show magnetic moments substantially reduced from those calculated for the free ions. The optical band gaps for {gamma}-LaLn{prime}S{sub 3} (Ln{prime} = Er, Tm, Yb) are approximately 1.6 eV, whereas {gamma}-CeLn{prime}S{sub 3} (Ln{prime} = Er, Tm, Yb) are approximately 1.3 eV
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Syntheses, Structure, Magnetism, and Optical Properties of Lutetium-based Interlanthanide Selenides
Ln{sub 3}LuSe{sub 6} (Ln = La, Ce), {beta}-LnLuSe{sub 3} (Ln = Pr, Nd), and Ln{sub x}Lu{sub 4-x}Se{sub 6} (Ln = Sm, Gd; x = 1.82, 1.87) have been synthesized using a Sb{sub 2}Se{sub 3} flux at 1000 C. Ln{sub 3}LuSe{sub 6} (Ln = La, Ce) adopt the U{sub 3}ScS{sub 6}-type three-dimensional structure, which is constructed from two-dimensional {infinity}{sup 2} [Ln{sub 3}Se{sub 6}]{sup 3-} slabs with the gaps between these slabs filled by octahedrally coordinated Lu{sup 3+} ions. The series of {beta}-LnLuSe{sub 3} (Ln = Pr, Nd) are isotypic with UFeS{sub 3}. Their structures include layers formed from LuSe6 octahedra that are separated by eight-coordinate larger Ln{sup 3+} ions in bicapped trigonal prismatic environments. Sm{sub 1.82}Lu{sub 2.18}Se{sub 6} and Gd{sub 1.87}Lu{sub 2.13}Se{sub 6} crystallize in the disordered F-Ln{sub 2}S{sub 3} type structure with the eight-coordinate bicapped trigonal prismatic Ln(1) ions residing in the one-dimensional channels formed by three different double chains via edge and corner sharing. These double chains are constructed from Ln(2)Se{sub 7} monocapped trigonal prisms, Ln(3)Se{sub 6} octahedra, and Ln(4)S{sub 6} octahedra, respectively. The magnetic susceptibilities of {beta}-PrLuSe{sub 3} and {beta}-NdLuSe{sub 3} follow the Curie-Weiss law. Sm{sub 1.82}Lu{sub 2.18}Se{sub 6} shows van Vleck paramagnetism. Magnetic measurements show that Gd{sub 1.87}Lu{sub 2.13}Se{sub 6} undergoes an antiferromagnetic transition around 4 K. Ce{sub 3}LuSe{sub 6} exhibits ferromagnetic ordering below 5 K. The optical band gaps for La{sub 3}LuSe{sub 6}, Ce{sub 3}LuSe{sub 6}, {beta}- PrLuSe{sub 3}, {beta}-NdLuSe{sub 3}, Sm{sub 1.82}Lu{sub 2.18}Se{sub 6}, and Gd{sub 1.87}Lu{sub 2.13}Se{sub 6} are 1.26, 1.10, 1.56, 1.61, 1.51, and 1.56 eV, respectively
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Syntheses, Structure, Magnetism, and Optical Properties of the Interlanthanide Sulfides delta-Ln2-xLuxS3 (Ln = Ce, Pr, Nd)
{delta}-Ln{sub 2-x}LuxS{sub 3} (Ln = Ce, Pr, Nd; x = 0.67-0.71) compounds have been synthesized through the reaction of elemental rare earth metals and S using Sb{sub 2}S{sub 3} flux at 1000 C. These compounds are isotypic with CeTmS{sub 3}, which has a complex three-dimensional structure. It includes four larger Ln{sup 3+} sites in eight- and nine-coordinate environments, two disordered seven-coordinate Ln{sup 3+}/Lu{sup 3+} positions, and two six-coordinate Lu{sup 3+} ions. The structure is constructed from one-dimensional chains of LnSn (n = 6-9) polyhedra that extend along the b axis. These polyhedra share faces or edges with two neighbors within the chains, while in the [ac] plane they share edges and corners with other chains. Least square refinements gave rise to the formulas of {delta}-Ce{sub 1.30}Lu{sub 0.70}S{sub 3}, {delta}-Pr{sub 1.29}Lu{sub 0.71}S{sub 3} and {delta}-Nd{sub 1.33}Lu{sub 0.67}S{sub 3}, which are consistent with the EDX analysis and magnetic susceptibility data. {delta}-Ln{sub 2-x}LuxS{sub 3} (Ln = Ce, Pr, Nd; x = 0.67-0.71) show no evidence of magnetic ordering down to 5 K. Optical properties measurements show that the band gaps for {delta}-Ce{sub 1.30}Lu{sub 0.70}S{sub 3}, {delta}-Pr{sub 1.29}Lu{sub 0.71}S{sub 3}, and {delta}-Nd{sub 1.33}Lu{sub 0.67}S{sub 3} are 1.25 eV, 1.38 eV, and 1.50 eV, respectively. Crystallographic data: {delta}-Ce{sub 1.30}Lu{sub 0.70}S{sub 3}, monoclinic, space group P2{sub 1}/m, a = 11.0186(7), b = 3.9796(3), c = 21.6562(15) {angstrom}, {beta} = 101.6860(10), V = 929.93(11), Z = 8; {delta}-Pr{sub 1.29}Lu{sub 0.71}S{sub 3}, monoclinic, space group P2{sub 1}/m, a = 10.9623(10), b = 3.9497(4), c = 21.5165(19) {angstrom}, {beta} = 101.579(2), V = 912.66(15), Z = 8; {delta}-Nd{sub 1.33}Lu{sub 0.67}S{sub 3}, monoclinic, space group P2{sub 1}/m, a = 10.9553(7), b = 3.9419(3), c = 21.4920(15) {angstrom}, {beta} = 101.5080(10), V = 909.47(11), Z = 8
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Syntheses, Structure, Magnetism, and Optical Properties of the Partial Ordered Quaternary Interlanthanide Sulfides PrLnYb2S6 (Ln = Tb, Dy)
Dark red single crystals of PrLnYb{sub 2}S{sub 6} (Ln = Pr/Yb, Tb, Dy) have been synthesized through the reaction of elemental rare earth metals and S using a Sb{sub 2}S{sub 3} flux at 1000 C. These isotypic compounds adopt the F-Ln{sub 2}S3 three-dimensional open channel structure type. Eight-coordinate Pr{sup 3+} ions sit in the channels, which are constructed from three different edge-shared double chains running down the b axis, which contain Yb(1)S{sub 6} octahedra, Yb(2)S{sub 6}, octahedra and LnS{sub 7} monocapped trigonal prisms, respectively. Each double chain connects to four other neighbors by sharing vertices and edges. Considerable disordering in Ln positions was observed in single X-ray diffraction experiments only in the case of Pr/Yb. Least square refinements gave rise to the formulas of Pr{sub 1.34}Yb{sub 2.66}S{sub 6}, of PrTbYb{sub 2}S{sub 6}, and PrDyYb{sub 2}S{sub 6}, which are confirmed by the elemental analysis and magnetic susceptibility measurements. Pr1.34Yb2.66S{sub 6}, PrTbYb{sub 2}S{sub 6} and PrDyYb{sub 2}S{sub 6} are paramagnetic down to 2 K without any indications of long range magnetic ordering. The optical transitions for Pr{sub 1.34}Yb{sub 2.66}S{sub 6}, PrTbYb{sub 2}S{sub 6}, and PrDyYb{sub 2}S{sub 6} are at approximately 1.6 eV. Crystallographic data: Pr{sub 1.34}Yb{sub 2.66}S{sub 6}, monoclinic, space group P2{sub 1}/m, a = 10.960(2), b = 3.9501(8), c = 11.220(2) {angstrom}, {beta} = 108.545(3), V = 460.54(16), Z = 2; PrTbYb{sub 2}S{sub 6}, monoclinic, space group P2{sub 1}/m, a = 10.9496(10), b = 3.9429(4), c = 11.2206(10) {angstrom}, {beta} = 108.525(2), V = 459.33(7), Z = 2; PrDyYb{sub 2}S{sub 6}, monoclinic, space group P2{sub 1}/m, a = 10.9384(10), b = 3.9398(4), c = 11.2037(10) {angstrom}, {beta} = 108.612(2), V = 457.57(7), Z = 2
PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in gastric cancer : epigenetics and beyond.
PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is one of the most important signaling pathways involved in normal cellular processes. Its aberrant activation modulates autophagy, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, apoptosis, chemoresistance, and metastasis in many human cancers. Emerging evidence demonstrates that some infections as well as epigenetic regulatory mechanisms can control PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. In this review, we focused on the role of this pathway in gastric cancer development, prognosis, and metastasis, with an emphasis on epigenetic alterations including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and post-transcriptional modulations through non-coding RNAs fluctuations as well as H. pylori and Epstein-Barr virus infections. Finally, we reviewed different molecular targets and therapeutic agents in clinical trials as a potential strategy for gastric cancer treatment through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. [Abstract copyright: Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Syntheses, Structure, Magnetism, and Optical Properties of the Partial Ordered Quaternary Interlanthanide Sulfides PrLnYb2S6 (Ln = Tb, Dy)
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Syntheses, Structure, Magnetism, and Optical Properties of the Interlanthanide Sulfides delta-Ln2-xLuxS3 (Ln = Ce, Pr, Nd)
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Syntheses, Structure, Magnetism, and Optical Properties of the Ordered Interlanthanide Copper Chalcogenides Ln2YbCuQ5 (Ln = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm; Q = S, Se): Evidence for Unusual Magnetic Ordering in Sm2YbCuS5
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